Wakambomira here uchifunga kuti zviri nyore sei kuti tiite mabasa edu ezuva nezuva? Kumuka mangwanani, kutora kapu yetii, kufamba, kumhanya, kuskena pafoni yedu... Nhasi tichataura nezvegamba risinganyarari riri shure kweizvi zvese. Idzo ndidzo "nhengo" dziri mumuviri wedu. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, pasina nhengo idzi, taizofanana nematanda, tisingakwanise kufamba zvachose. Saka, ngatidzidzei zvese nezvenhengo idzi zvinotibatsira zvikuru.
Chii chaizvo chinonzi majoini aya?
Zviri nyore kwazvo. Joini inzvimbo chero ipi zvayo mumuviri wako panosangana mapfupa maviri. Iwo chikamu chakakosha kwazvo chehurongwa hwedu hwemapfupa. Zvakafanana nehinji pamusuwo. Pasina hinji, gonhi haringavhurike kana kuvhara. Saizvozvowo, pasina majoini, nhengo dzedu, minwe, nemutsipa hazvingakwanise kukotama kana kutwasuka.
Kune mazana emapfundo akadai mumiviri yedu. Mamwe mapfundo atinoona uye atinoziva zuva nezuva, akadai semabvi nemagokora. Mamwe mapfundo atisati tambonzwa nezvawo, akadai semapfundo anobatanidza mapfupa edehenya redu. Zvese izvi zvinoshanda pamwe chete kubatsira miviri yedu kushanda zvakanaka .
Vanachiremba vanoisa majoini muzvikamu zviviri zvikuru:
1. Zvichienderana nekushanda kwazvo: Kureva kuti, zvichienderana nekuti vanofamba kusvika papi.
2. Zvichienderana nekuumbwa kwazvo: Kureva kuti, zvichienderana nezvinhu zvaakagadzirwa nazvo.
Majoini anopa basa rei kumiviri yedu?
Majoini anotsigira miviri yedu uye anotibatsira kugara, kumira, kufamba, kumhanya, kusvetuka, uye muchidimbu, kuita chero kufamba. Tinokamura majoini kuita zvikamu zvitatu zvikuru zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekufamba kwaanobvumira.
- Synarthroses: Sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, majoini aya haafambi zvachose. Basa rawo guru nderekupa rutsigiro rwakasimba. Muenzaniso wakanakisa majoini anobatanidza mapfupa edehenya redu. Fungidzira kuti chii chingaitika kana mapfupa edehenya redu, anodzivirira uropi hwedu, akafamba-famba mberi nekumashure? Majoini aya akaomarara uye haafambi kudzivirira njodzi iyoyo.
- Majoini eAmphiarthroses: Majoini aya ane mwero wekufamba. Izvi zvinoreva kuti anotipa kugadzikana uye kufamba-famba. Muenzaniso wakanaka weizvi majoini ari pakati pemapfupa emusana ari mumusana wedu. Aya anotibvumira kukotama mberi, kumashure, uye kumativi, pamwe nekuchengetedza musana wedu wakatwasuka.
- Majoini anofamba zvakanyanya (Diarthroses): Majoini aya ane kufamba kwakanyanya mumuviri wedu. Anogona kufamba zvakasununguka chero kupi zvako. Mienzaniso inosanganisira fudzi, chiuno, ibvi, gokora, uye ruoko. Majoini aya anofamba zvakasununguka anotibatsira patinomhanya, kukava bhora, kana kutamba.
Joini inogadzirwa nei?
Joini haisi nzvimbo chete panosangana mapfupa maviri. Yakaoma kupfuura izvozvo. Joini inoumbwa nemapfupa neboka rematishu anoabatanidza.
Joint inonyanya kuve nezvinhu izvi:
- Cartilage: Aya akafanana nematiresi. Migumo yemapfupa yakafukidzwa necartilage iyi. Kana mapfupa maviri akabatana, cartilage iyi ndiyo inoabatsira kufamba zvakanaka pasina kuakuvadza.
- Matendoni: Aya ndiwo mabhande akasimba anobatanidza tsandanyama dzedu nemapfupa edu. Patinoda kukotamisa ruoko, tsandanyama inogumira, uye pfupa rinodhonzwa nepamusungo uyu, zvichiita kuti joini rikotame.
- Maronda: Aya akafananawo nemabhandi akasimba. Asi anobatanidza pfupa rimwe kune rimwe. Maronda aya anobatsira kuchengetedza majoini akagadzikana, zvichiita kuti asafambe zvakanyanya.
- Tsinga: Tsinga idzi dzinotibatsira kunzwa kurwadziwa nekumanikidzwa mujoini. Dzinoudzawo uropi kuti joini redu riri papi.
Majoini akakamurwa kuita mhando nhatu zvichienderana nehuwandu hwematishu akabatana ari mairi.
1. Majoini eFibrous
2. Majoini eCartilaginous
3. Majoini eSinovial
Ngatitarisei mhando imwe neimwe yemhando idzi zvakasiyana.
Majoini Emafibre
Majoini aya haanyanyi kufamba. Mamwe haanyanyi kufamba. Anonzi 'fibrous' nekuti akagadzirwa nenyama yakasimba inobatana yakarukwa pamwe chete semafaibha. Ane puroteni yakawanda inonzi collagen .
Kune mhando nhatu dzemajoini aya ane fibrous:
- Masuture: Aya ndiwo majoini anobatanidza mapundu emusoro wedu pamwe chete, semasonedzero ehembe.
- Magomphoses: Mazino ako akabatana neshaya yako nejoini rakadai.
- Syndesmoses: Aya majoini anobatanidza mapfupa maviri ari pedyo. Semuenzaniso, tibia nefibula yegumbo redu zvakabatana nerudzi urwu rwejoini.
Majoini eCartilaginous
Mapfupa ari mumajoini aya akabatana nerukoko rwekatsi, runoshanda sechitsigiro pakati pemapfupa maviri. Majoini aya anogona kufamba kusvika pamwero wakati, asi kwete kure zvakanyanya kana kuti kumativi ese.
Mienzaniso yakanaka yeizvi ndeiyi misungo apo mbabvu dzedu (mbabvu) dzinobatana ne sternum (pfupa riri pakati pechipfuva). Patinofema zvakanyanya, chipfuva chedu chinokwira nekudzika nekuda kwekufamba kudiki kwemajoini aya. Zvakare, joini apo zvikamu zvekurudyi nekuruboshwe zvemapfupa edu echiuno (pubic symphysis) zvinobatana pamberi pedu ndezverudzi urwu.
Majoini eSynovial - Rudzi rwejoini rinopa kufamba kwakanyanya mumuviri!
Majoini aya e synovial ane rusununguko rwakakura rwekufamba mumuviri wedu. Anoumbwa nenzira yakasiyana zvikuru. Anopinda munzvimbo isina chinhu mupfupa rimwe, uko kunogumira rimwe pfupa.
Migumo yemapfupa ari mumajoini aya yakafukidzwa nebhegi rakazara nemvura inotsvedza inonzi synovial fluid . Izvi zvakafanana nekuisa mafuta muchina. Mvura iyi inobatsira mapfupa kufamba zvakanaka, ichideredza kukweshana uye ichidzivirira kuti asakwizane.
Kune mhando nhanhatu huru dzemajoini e synovial. Kuti zvive nyore kwatiri kunzwisisa, ngatitarisei tafura iyi.
| Rudzi rweMajoini | Maitiro ekufambisa | Nzvimbo dziri pamiviri yedu (mienzaniso) |
|---|---|---|
| Majoini eHinge | Inogona kuvhura nekuvhara nenzira imwe chete (sekunge hinge pamusuwo). | Mabvi, magokora, uye majoini eminwe. |
| Majoini eBhora neSocket | Pfupa rimwe rine chikamu chakaita sebhora chakabatanidzwa pariri, rimwe rine chikamu chakaita sekapu chakabatanidzwa pariri. Rinogona kutenderera chero kupi zvako. | Bandauko, chiuno. |
| Majoini eCondyloid | Zvakafanana nebhora nesoketi, asi hazvigone kutenderedza denderedzwa rakazara (360 degrees). Zvinongofamba mberi, kumashure, uye kurutivi rumwe nerumwe. | Ruoko, nzvimbo dzinobatana zvigunwe netsoka. |
| Majoini Epakati | Unogona kutenderera uchigara panzvimbo imwe chete. | Tinogona kutendeudza misoro yedu kubva kune rumwe rutivi kuenda kune rumwe nekuda kwejoini riri mumutsipa. |
| Majoini ePlanar | Zvingangoitika kuti inoumbwa nemapfupa maviri akati sandara anosangana pamwe chete. Kufamba kunoitika nekutsvedza kwerimwe pamusoro perimwe. | Pakati pemapfupa madiki eruoko, pakati pemapfupa emusana. |
| Majoini eSaddle | Inoumbwa nemapfupa maviri akakombama akabatana. Inoita semaumbirwo maviri e'U' akabatana. Kunyangwe isingakwanise kutenderera, inogona kufamba nemativi akasiyana-siyana. | Nzvimbo iyo chigunwe chedu chinobatanidza nechanza cheruoko rwedu. Izvi ndizvo zvinotibvumira kubata mimwe minwe uye kubata zvinhu zvakasimba. |
Zvirwere nekukuvara zvinowanzoonekwa pamapfupa
Chero chinhu chipi zvacho chinokuvadza mapfupa edu kana nyama dzinobatana nemapfupa edu chinogona kukanganisa majoini edu. Zvimwe zvacho zvinosanganisira:
Zvirwere zvenguva refu
- Arthritis: Kuzvimba kwemajoini, zvichireva kuzvimba nekurwadziwa mumajoini.
- Osteoarthritis: Chirwere chinokonzerwa nekusakara kwekatsi mumajoini sezvatinokura kana nekuda kwekushandiswa zvakanyanya.
- Bursitis: Kuzvimba kwemasagi ane mvura (bursae) mumajoini.
- Tendinitis: Kuzvimba kwematendoni.
- Osteoporosis: Mapfupa anoshaya simba uye anotyoka nyore nyore. Kunyangwe ichi chisiri chirwere chepfundo chakananga, chinogona kukonzera kukuvara kwemapfundo nekuda kwekutyoka.
Zvirwere zveAutoimmune
Izvi zvirwere umo masoja emuviri wedu (immune system) asinganzwisise uye anorwisa masero edu ane hutano, kunyanya majoini.
- Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Arthritis yePsoriatic
- Lupus
Njodzi nekukuvara
Majoini anogonawo kukuvara nezvinhu zvakaita sekudonha netsaona dzemotokari.
- Kukuvara kwemitambo
- Kutyoka kwemapfupa
- Kubviswa kwenzvimbo
- Kutsemuka
Ungaziva sei kana uine dambudziko nemajoini ako? - Zviratidzo
Zviratidzo zvinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu kana kukuvara kwawakaita, asi matambudziko mazhinji emajoini anogona kuva nezviratidzo zvakafanana:
- Marwadzo (kunyanya kana uchifambisa joini)
- Kuzvimba (Kuzvimba)
- Kutsvuka kana kuchinja ruvara rweganda rakatenderedza majoini
- Kunzwa kudziya mujoini
- Ruzha kana kunzwa kwekudzvanya kana uchifambisa joini
- Kunzwa ruzha rwekuti "kukwenya" kana kunzwa kwakafanana
Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti, kana ukaramba uine chimwe chezviratidzo izvi kana kupfuura, usazviregeredza. Iva nechokwadi chekuona chiremba wako kuti akupe mazano.
Chiremba anoongorora sei chirwere ichi?
Chiremba wako ndiye achasarudza kuti ndeapi mabvunzo aunoda zvichienderana nezviratidzo zvako. Mimwe yemiedzo inonyanya kushandiswa ndeiyi:
- X-rays: Tarisa mamiriro emapfupa, kutyoka, nezvimwewo.
- Kuongororwa kweUltrasound: Tarisa nyama dzakapfava (ligaments, tendons) dzakatenderedza joini.
- Kufema majoini: Mvura iri mukati mejoini inotorwa nesirinjisi yoongororwa kana paine hutachiona kana chirwere.
- CT scans: Wana mifananidzo ye3D yemapfupa nemajoini zvakadzama kupfuura X-rays.
- Kuongororwa kweMRI (MRIs): Kukuvadzwa kwenyama dzakapfava dzakadai secartilage, ligaments, uye tendons kunogona kuonekwa zvakajeka.
Tingachengetedza sei majoini edu?
Nzira yakanakisisa yekuchengetedza majoini ako ari matano ndeyekutevera tsika dzakanaka dzehutano.
- Idya chikafu chinovaka muviri. Zvikafu zvakapfuma mucalcium nevhitamini D zvakanaka kwazvo kumapfupa. Zvakare, kudzora huremu hwemuviri wako kunobatsira kuderedza kumanikidzwa kwemajoini ako (kunyanya mabvi ako nehudyu).
- Rovedza muviri nguva dzose. Muviri wemunhu wese nezvaanoda zvakasiyana. Saka sarudza maekisesaizi anokushandira. Maekisesaizi anoderedza kushushikana pamajoini ako, akadai sekushambira, kuchovha bhasikoro, kusimudza zvinorema, uye kurovedza muviri mumvura, akanaka. Zvakanaka kutaura nachiremba wako nezvemaekisesaizi akanakira iwe.
- Pfekai zvinhu zvinodzivirira. Kana muchitamba mitambo kana muchishanda mubasa rine njodzi, pfekai zvinhu zvinodzivirira zvakakodzera (semuenzaniso, mapedhi emabvi, mapedhi egokora).
- Enda kunoongororwa nachiremba nguva dzose. Uye kana ukaona shanduko kana kurwadziwa kutsva mumajoini ako, enda kuna chiremba nekukasika.
- Gara wakapfeka bhandi rekuchengetedza paunenge uri mumotokari.Izvi zvinobatsira zvikuru kuderedza kukuvara kwemajoini kana tsaona ikaitika.
Tinoshandisa majoini edu pane zvese zvatinoita mukati mezuva, kubva pakuverenga chinyorwa chino pafoni yedu kusvika pakugara pachigaro mushure mezuva rakaneta. Ndiwo maturusi makuru anopa chimiro kumuviri wedu uye anotibatsira kuita chero kufamba. Saka, ibasa redu kutarisira majoini edu anokosha.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Joini inzvimbo inosangana mapfupa maviri mumuviri wedu. Kana tisina aya, hatigone kufamba.
- Kune mhando dzakawanda dzemajoini. Mamwe haafambi (sedehenya), mamwe anofamba zvishoma (semusana), uye mamwe anofamba zvakanyanya (sepafudzi nebvi).
- Kudya zvine hutano, kurovedza muviri kwakakodzera, uye kudzora huremu zvakakosha zvikuru pakuchengetedza majoini akasimba.
- Kana uine kurwadziwa kunogara kwenguva refu, kuzvimba, kana zvimwe zviratidzo zvisingawanzoitika mune rimwe remajoini ako, usazviregeredza uye enda kuna chiremba wako nekukasika.
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