Iwe kana mumwe munhu waunoziva akamboudzwa nachiremba kuti "acheke dumbu" kana paine dambudziko remudumbu here? Kana kuti wakambonzwa here kuti kuvhiyiwa kukuru kunodiwa kuti pave nedambudziko mudumbu mushure metsaona, kana kuti kumisa kubuda ropa? Mukurapa, kuvhiyiwa uku, kunoitwa muzviitiko zvakadaro, kuvhura dumbu nekuongorora nhengo dzemuviri, kunonzi "laparotomy." Uku kuvhiyiwa kukuru, saka vanhu vazhinji vanogona kutya. Saka, ngatitaurei nezvazvo zviri nyore uye zvakajeka nhasi.
Chii chinonzi laparotomy?
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, laparotomy inzira yekuvhiya apo chiremba anovhura dumbu rako (nzvimbo isina chinhu mukati medumbu rako) kuti aongorore kana kurapa nhengo dziri mukati.
Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nenzira mbiri huru:
1. Kuongororwa (Exploratory Laparotomy): Dzimwe nguva, kunyangwe paine dambudziko rakaita sekurwadziwa mudumbu kana kubuda ropa mukati, chikonzero hachigone kuwanikwa kunyangwe nemaskeni. Muzviitiko zvakadaro, chiremba anovhiya anoita oparesheni iyi kuti anyatsoona uye anzwisise zviri kuitika mudumbu. Panguva iyoyo, kana zvichidikanwa, chidimbu chenyama chinogona kutorwa chotumirwa kunoongororwa (`Biopsy`).
2. Kuvhiyiwa kweLaparotomy yekurapa: Dzimwe nguva kuvhiyiwa kunoitwa chete kana dambudziko razivikanwa. Semuenzaniso, kuvhiyiwa uku kunoitwa kubvisa bundu rekenza, kugadzirisa ura hwakakuvara, kana kubvisa appendix yakazvimba.
Dzimwe nguva, kuvhiyiwa kunotanga nekuongorora chirwere kunogona kupedzwa nekuwana dambudziko uye kurirapa nekukasika.
Chii chakasiyana pakati peLaparotomy neLaparoscopy?
Kunyangwe zvese zviri zviviri zvichiitwa kuvhiyiwa kwedumbu, pane musiyano mukuru pakati pezviviri izvi. Vanhu vazhinji vanovhiringidza mazita maviri aya. Ngationei musiyano wacho.
| Hunhu | Laparotomy - kuvhiyiwa kwepachena | Laparoscopy - kuvhiyiwa kwekiyi yemudumbu |
|---|---|---|
| Nzira yekuvhiya | Dumbu rinovhurwa zvachose nekucheka dumbu kwenguva refu. | Kuvhiyiwa uku kunoitwa kuburikidza nemaburi madiki akati wandei ("maburi ekiyi") mudumbu, nekamera inopinzwa kuburikidza nerimwe uye zvishandiso zvichipinzwa kuburikidza nemamwe. |
| Vanga reronda | Inosiya vanga refu, rinoonekwa zvakajeka. | Mavanga madiki-diki chete, asinganyatsooneki asara. |
| Nguva yekupora | Zvinotora nguva yakareba kuti upore. Unofanira kugara muchipatara kwemazuva akati wandei. | Pora nekukurumidza. Unogona kudzokera kumba nekukurumidza. |
| Nyaya dzekushandisa | Yakanakira mamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara akadai senjodzi, tsaona dzakakomba, uye kubviswa kwegomarara guru. | Inowanzoshandiswa pakuvhiyiwa kusiri kwekukurumidzira, kwakarongwa (semuenzaniso, kubviswa kwenyongo). |
Muzviitiko zvipi panodiwa laparotomy?
Panogona kunge paine zvikonzero chaizvo nei chiremba achigona kusarudza laparotomy pane laparoscopy. Nzira iyi inoshanda zvakanyanya, kunyanya kana paine dambudziko rekukurumidza apo kupindira nekukurumidza kunodiwa.
Dzimwe nguva zvingadikanwa kuita laparotomy:
- Kutarisa kana nhengo dzemukati dzakakuvara mushure mekukuvara kwakanyanya mudumbu.
- Peritonitis (utachiona hwemudumbu).
- Dumbu kana ura hwakaboorwa kana kubuda ropa risingadzoreki.
- Kubvisa dumbu rakanga razvimba zvakanyanya uye rava kuda kuputika.
- Kubvisa chiropa kana chaputika mutsaona.
- Kubvisa ma cysts makuru e ovarian kana endometriomas .
- Kuongorora nekurapa mamiriro ezvinhu uye kupararira kwe endometriosis .
- Kuvhiyiwa kukuru kwakadai sekuita Whipple procedure yekenza yepancreas.
- Kenza yeHodgkin lymphoma kana kenza yemazamuKuti tizive kuti kenza, yakadai seHodgkin lymphoma, yapararira kusvika papi mumuviri (Cancer staging).
- Kuvhiyiwa kwemwana kwakarongwa kana kwekukurumidzira (`C-section`).
Chii chinoitika kuvhiyiwa kusati kwaitwa?
Sezvo uku kuri kuvhiyiwa kukuru, pane zvinhu zvakati wandei zvaunofanira kugadzirira pachine nguva.
1. Mvumo Yakagadzirwa Neruzivo
Chiremba wako achakutsanangurira zvakajeka kuvhiyiwa kwacho, njodzi dzacho nemabhenefiti azvo, uye dzimwe nzira dzekurapa. Vachanzwisisa zvese izvi uye vachawana mvumo yako yakanyorwa. Kana pakaitika emergency, sarudzo dzichaitwa nekubvunzana nehama yepedyo kana murwere asina chaanoziva.
2. Kuongorora Muviri
Chiremba achakubvunza nezvehutano hwako, mishonga yauri kutora, uye chero maoparesheni awakamboita. Achaitawo mimwe miedzo yekutanga, yakaita sekuongororwa ropa uye X-ray, kuti aone kana wakakodzera kupihwa anesthesia.
3. Kugadzirira Utumbo
Zvichienderana nerudzi rwekuvhiyiwa, ungangoda kubvisa tsvina yese muura hwako usati wavhiyiwa. Ungangopihwa mushonga wekusvuura kana enema. Ungangokumbirwawo kuti utsanye kana kunwa zvinwiwa chete zuva risati ravhiyiwa.
4. Kuchenesa muviri
Usati wavhiyiwa, unogona kukumbirwa kugeza nesipo inouraya utachiona. Kana kuti, vashandi vepachipatara vachachenesa dumbu rako. Vanogonawo kuveura bvudzi riri munzvimbo iyoyo.
Chii chinoitika mushure mekuvhiyiwa?
Mushure mekuvhiyiwa, muchaendeswa kukamuri mushure mekuvhiyiwa, uko kurova kwemoyo wenyu neBP yenyu zvichaongororwa kusvika mazoziva zvakare. Zvadaro muchaendeswa kuchipatara uye muchafanira kugara muchipatara kwemazuva mashoma.
- Mishonga yekurwadziwa: Mishonga yekurwadziwa inopiwa kudzora marwadzo eronda.
- Machubhu: Mitsetse yemutsinga nekatheta dzemuweti zvinoiswa panguva yekuvhiyiwa zvinogona kuramba zviripo kwemazuva akati wandei, zvichienderana nekudiwa kwazvo.
- Kufamba: Kunyangwe kana paine kurwadziwa, unokurudzirwa kusimuka wofamba zvishoma nezvishoma uchibatsirwa nevashandi. Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru kudzivirira kuvharika kweropa nehutachiona hwemapapu.
- Maekisesaizi ekufema: Maekisesaizi ekufema zvakadzama anodzidziswa.
- Chikafu: Kutanga, vanopihwa mvura, uye chikafu chenguva dzose chinozoiswa zvishoma nezvishoma. Dzimwe nguva zvinotora mazuva mashoma kuti ura hudzokere pahwakajairika. Izvi zvinonzi `Paralytic ileus` .
Ndeipi njodzi dzekuvhiyiwa uku?
Kufanana nekuvhiyiwa kupi zvako kukuru, laparotomy ine njodzi dzakati wandei.
- Kukuvadza dzimwe nhengo dziri pedyo kusingatarisirwi.
- Kubuda ropa rakawanda kubva mutsinga dzeropa dzakakuvara.
- Kutapukirwa nechirwere cheparonda uye kunonoka kupora.
- Kusanzwa kunzwa kusingaperi mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakatenderedza kukuvara kwetsinga.
- Hernia (hernia) inoitika kana ganda rachekwa.
- Mavanga (kunamatira mudumbu) anoumbwa mudumbu, zvichikonzera kuvharika kwemudumbu mune ramangwana.
Zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kuti upore?
Izvi zvinoenderana nehutano hwako hwese uye kuoma kwekushanda kwekuvhiyiwa.
- Kupora kweronda: Zvinowanzotora mavhiki matanhatu kuti ronda ipone zvachose.
- Vanga: Vanga refu rinosara padumbu. Zvisinei, rinopera zvishoma nezvishoma nekufamba kwenguva (mukati memakore 3-6).
- Kudzokera kubasa: Zvichienderana nerudzi rwebasa rako, unogona kudzokera kubasa mushure mekunge kukuvara kwapora. Zvisinei, zvakanaka kusaita chero chinhu chinorema, sekusimudza zvinorema, kwemwedzi mishoma.
- Kurovedza Muviri: Zvinogona kutora kusvika makore maviri kuti simba remhasuru dzemudumbu rako ridzokere pakare. Saka, kurovedza muviri kunofanira kutanga zvishoma nezvishoma uye uchitarisirwa nachiremba .
Kana wadzokera kumba, kana uine chimwe chezviratidzo zvinotevera, unofanira kufonera chiremba wako nekukasika .
| Mamiriro ezvinhu apo unofanira kutsvaga rubatsiro rwechiremba nekukurumidza |
|---|
| • Kana mvura yakaita seropa kana urwa iri kubuda kubva paronda. |
| • Kana kurwadziwa kusingaderere asi kuchikwira zuva nezuva. |
| • Kana uine fivha. |
| • Kana usingakwanise kubuda tsvina kana kubuda mweya. |
| • Kana gumbo rimwe chete rakazvimba uye richirwadza (izvi zvinogona kuva chiratidzo chekugwamba kweropa). |
| • Kana uchinzwa kurwadziwa muchipfuva kana kukosora kwakanyanya. |
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Laparotomy inzira huru yekuvhiya inosanganisira kuvhura dumbu. Inoshandiswa pakuongorora nekurapa.
- Izvi zvakasiyana ne "keyhole surgery" (Laparoscopy). Laparotomy inodiwa kana paine emergency nematambudziko akaomarara.
- Zvinotora nguva kuti vapore. Zvinotora mavhiki matanhatu kuti ronda vapore. Unofanira kudzivisa kusimudza zvinhu zvinorema uye kurovedza muviri kunorema kwemwedzi mishoma.
- Kana ukaona zviratidzo zvakaita sefivha, kurwadziwa kwakanyanya, kana kubuda ropa kubva paronda mushure mekuenda kumba, ona chiremba wako nekukasika. Usatya, uye kana uine kusava nechokwadi, bvunza chiremba wako.
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