Unoda kuziva chaizvo kuti chirwere cheMeningococcal chii? Ngatitaurei nezvazvo!

Kune zvimwe zvirwere zvinonzwika zvichityisa kunyangwe ukanzwa zita razvo, haufungi here? Nhasi tichataura nezvechirwere chakakomba zvishoma, asi chinogona kudzorwa kana ukachiziva pachine nguva. Ichi chinonzi chirwere chemeningococcal. Usazvidya mwoyo, ngatitaurei zvese zvakajeka.

Chii chinonzi Meningococcal Disease?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chirwere chemeningococcal chirwere chebhakitiriya . Chinokonzerwa nebhakitiriya rinonzi Neisseria meningitidis. Dzimwe nguva chinonzi meningococcus. Bakiteri iyi inogona kutapukira muma membrane anodzivirira akakomberedza uropi hwedu nemusana (anonzi meninges) neropa . Utachiona uhwu hune njodzi huru uye dzimwe nguva hunogona kutyisidzira hupenyu . Kana meningococcal meningitis yatapukirwa nenzira iyi, inonzi meningococcal meningitis, uye kana ropa ratapukirwa, inonzi meningococcal septicemia (sekunge chepfu muropa).

Kuti titsanangure izwi rekuti 'meninges' zvishoma, zvinoreva Central Nervous System yedu, kureva kuti, mamembrane matatu akakomberedza uropi hwedu nemuzongoza. Kungofanana nemamembrane akapfava anoparadzanisa pith yeorenji, aya anodzivirirawo uropi hwedu nemuzongoza. Kutaura zvazviri, ganda redu ndiro membrane huru inodzivirira mumuviri wedu. Aya mameninges matatu ndiwo pia mater, arachnoid, uye dura mater.

Chii chakasiyana pakati pechirwere chemeningococcal ne meningitis?

Zvino ungave uchifunga kuti, 'Saka, chirwere chemeningococcal ne meningitis zvakafanana here?' Ehe, pane musiyano mudiki. Chirwere chemeningococcal chinokonzerwa nemabhakitiriya chaiwo atakataura kare, Neisseria meningitidis . Zvisinei, 'meningitis' izwi rinowanzo shandiswa kureva chero chirwere chinokonzera kuzvimba kwema membrane (meninges) akakomberedza uropi . Saka, meningitis inogona kuitika muchirwere chemeningococcal. Zvisinei, haisi meningitis yese inokonzerwa nemabhakitiriya anokonzera chirwere chemeningococcal. Meningitis inogonawo kukonzerwa nemamwe mavhairasi, mabhakitiriya, uye fungi, wanzwisisa here?

Ndiani anonyanya kubatwa nechirwere chemeningococcal?

Kunyangwe munhu wese achigona kubatwa nechirwere chemeningococcal, vamwe vanhu vari panjodzi huru yekuchibata. Ngatitarisei kuti ndivanaani:

• Nezera: Vacheche vari pasi pegore rimwe chete, vechidiki (kunyanya avo vari pakati pemakore 16-23), uye vechidiki. Njodzi yacho yakanyanya kana mapoka aya ezera akaputirwa neutsi hwevamwe (kusvuta fodya pasina kusvuta kana kusvuta fodya) .
• Kufamba kune dzimwe nyika: Kune avo vanofamba vachienda kune dzimwe nyika uko chirwere chemeningococcal chakanyanya.
• Matambudziko ehutano:
• Vanhu vasina chirwatata kana kuti vane chirwatata chakakuvara (chirwatata inhengo inokosha mudziviriro yemuviri wedu).
• Vanhu vane chirwere chesickle cell.
• Vanhu vane kusasimba kwakati mumasoja avo ekudzivirira muviri, kunyanya avo vane matambudziko nechikamu chemasoja ekudzivirira muviri chinonzi ``Complement.''
• Vanhu vanotora mishonga inonzi "complement inhibitors" (semuenzaniso "Eculizumab (Soliris®)" uye "Ravulizumab (Ultomiris™)") inoshandiswa kune mamwe mamiriro ehutano asingawanzoitiki.
• Mararamiro nenzvimbo zvakatikomberedza:
• Kune avo vanogara munzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda vanogara pedyo nepedyo, dzakadai sedzimba dzekurara dzemayunivhesiti nemisasa yemauto. Ingofungai, kana paine vanhu vakati wandei mukamuri rimwe chete, utachiona hunogona kupararira zviri nyore kuburikidza nekukosora kana kuhotsira, handiti?
• Vanhu vanobatwa nechirwere ichi panguva yekupararira kwechirwere.
• Kune avo vanoshanda nehutachiona uhwu mumarabhoritari ekutsvagisa.

Chirwere ichi chakajairika zvakadii?

Munyika dzakadai seUnited States, huwandu hwevanhu vane chirwere ichi hwakaderera zvishoma nezvishoma kubva paHondo Yenyika Yechipiri. Muna 2019, vanhu 371 chete ndivo vakashumwa ikoko. Zvisinei, kubuda kwechirwere kudiki kunogona kuitika nguva nenguva, kunyanya pakati pevanhu vanogara pedyo. Vanachiremba muSri Lanka vari kutarisisawo chirwere ichi, nekuti chinogona kupararira nekukurumidza. Saka, zvakakosha kuziva zviratidzo.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvechirwere chemeningococcal?

Kune zviratidzo zvakawanda zvechirwere ichi. Kana uine chimwe chezviratidzo izvi, unofanira kuona chiremba nekukasika. Zvakakosha zvikuru kuona chirwere ichi nekukurumidza.

Zviratidzo zvikuru zvinogona kuva:

• Ndiri kunzwa fivha yakanyanya .
• Ndine musoro wakanyanya .
• Mutsipa wakaoma . Ichi chiratidzo chinowanzo batanidzwa nechirwere chemeningococcal uye meningitis. Zvinogona kunzwa sekunge haugone kukotama mutsipa wako mberi, uye zvinogona kurwadza kana uchiedza kupinza chirebvu chako pachipfuva chako.
• Zvinova zvakaoma kutarisa chiedza chakajeka , uye maziso anoita seanoshanduka kuita bhuruu. Izvi zvinonziwo "Photophobia".
• Kusvotwa, kurutsa uye/kana dumbu rinogumbuka uye manyoka zvinogona kuitika.
• Mapundu anoonekwa paganda anoita semadonhwe madiki matsvuku kana epepuru . Aya haashanduke kana paine kumanikidzwa (mapundu asingatsvuki). Dzimwe nguva aya anogona kukura uye kuita semavanga. Ichi chiratidzo chaicho uye chine njodzi.

Kuwedzera kune izvi, mamwe maitiro anogonawo kuratidzwa:

• Chikafu hachina kunaka.
• Kunzwa kuvhiringidzika kana kutsamwa.
• Ndinogara ndichinzwa hope uye zvakaoma kumuka.
• Kurwadziwa kwetsandanyama nemapfundo.
• Kune ruzha rwakaita sekurira, kugomera.
• Zvinova zvakaoma kufamba kana kumira wakatwasuka.

Vacheche vadiki vanogona kuratidza zviratidzo izvi zvakasiyana. Semuenzaniso:

• Havadi kunwa mukaka uye vanorutsa.
• Muviri unotanga kudhonzeka kana kuti kudonha.
• Kuneta zvakanyanya, kugara uchiedza kurara, kuoma kumuka.
• Kuchema nenzwi rakakwirira (kuchema kwakakwirira).
• Nzvimbo yakapfava pamusoro pemusoro (fontanelle) inogona kuzvimba uye kuomarara.

Chii chinokonzera chirwere chemeningococcal?

Sezvatakambotaura, chirwere chemeningococcal chinokonzerwa nebhakitiriya . Chirwere chinotapukira . Chinopararira kubva kumunhu kuenda kune mumwe kuburikidza netsvina yekufema (manyoka/madonhwe ekufema) . Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, utachiona uhwu hunogona kupararira kana munhu ane chirwere chacho akakosora, kuhotsira, kana kusangana nemunhu ane chirwere ichi (semuenzaniso, kudya mundiro imwe chete, kunwa mukapu imwe chete, kutsvoda, nezvimwewo).

Zvakakosha: Mabhakitiriya anokonzera chirwere chemeningococcal haagone kurarama kwenguva yakareba kunze kwemuviri. Nokudaro, hazvigoneke kuti apararire kubva panzvimbo dzakadai sematafura nezvigaro. Zvisinei, zvakanaka kungwarira nezvinhu zvakaita semachira nematishu akashandiswa nemurwere.

Chirwere chemeningococcal chinoonekwa sei?

Dzimwe nguva chirwere chemeningococcal chinogona kuoma kuona nekuti zviratidzo zvacho zvinogona kufanana nezvezvimwe zvirwere, zvakaita sedzihwa kana furuu . Saka, kuti chiremba asimbise chirwere ichi, anofanira kutsvaga mabhakitiriya anonzi Neisseria meningitidis.

Saka, chiremba anowanzoita zvinotevera:

• Ropa rinotorwa roongororwa.
• Dzimwe nguva kubhoorwa kwemusana (Spinal Tap) kunoitwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kutora sampuli diki yemvura yakatenderedza musana (cerebrospinal fluid - CSF) woiedza. Izvi zvingaita sekutyisa zvishoma, asi zvakakosha zvikuru pakuongororwa. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti zvinogona kuona zvakananga kana mabhakitiriya ari mumvura.

Mienzaniso iyi inotumirwa kurabhoritari kuti ione kana mabhakitiriya anogona kukura (akakura). Kana mabhakitiriya akakura, chirwere chinogona kusimbiswa. Kana bvunzo idzi dzisina kujeka, chiremba anogona kuraira mimwe miedzo.

Chirwere chemeningococcal chinorapwa sei?

Chirwere chemeningococcal chinorapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya . Kana chiremba wako achifungidzira kuti une chirwere ichi, vanogona kutanga kukushandisa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya vasati vasimbisa chirwere chacho. Zvakakosha kutanga kurapwa nekukurumidza. Mishonga iyi inowanzopihwa semishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inopinzwa mutsinga, iyo inogona kukubatsira kuti uwane mhinduro nekukurumidza.

Pamusoro pemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, mamwe marapirwo anotsigira anogona kudiwa zvichienderana nemamiriro emurwere. Semuenzaniso:

• Kana paine dambudziko rekufema, mushonga weokisijeni unogona kupihwa , zvichida uchitobatanidza nemuchina wekufema.
• Kana BP yakaderera, ipa mushonga .
• Kudzora huwandu hwemvura mumuviri.
• Dzimwe nguva, kana ganda rikakuvara uye nyama yacho yafa, kuvhiyiwa kunogona kutodiwa kuti rirapwe.

Matambudziko anokonzerwa nechirwere chemeningococcal

Ichi chirwere chakakomba zvikuru . Kunyangwe kana munhu achirapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, varwere gumi kusvika gumi nevashanu pavanhu zana vanofa . Uyewo, vanenge makumi maviri muzana veavo vanopora kubva muchirwere ichi vanogona kuva nemigumisiro yenguva refu . Izvi zvinosanganisira:

• Kusanzwa
• Kurasikirwa nemakumbo, kunyanya kana chirwere che septicemia chikanyanya.
• Kukuvara kwetsinga
• Kukuvara kweitsvo
• Kukuvadzwa kwehuropi kunogona kukonzera matambudziko akadai sekutadza kudzidza, kutadza kurangarira, uye pfari.
• Mavanga eganda.

Zvinogona kutora nguva kuti upore zvizere. Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inowanzopihwa kwemazuva manomwe kusvika gumi. Zvisinei, zvinogona kutora nguva yakareba kuti upore zvakakwana, kunyanya kana ukava nematambudziko.

Ungaderedza sei njodzi yekubatwa nechirwere chemeningococcal?

Pane zvinhu zvakati wandei zvatingaita kuti tizvidzivirire kubva kuchirwere ichi chine njodzi.

1. Baiwa majekiseni

Munyika dzakadai seUnited States, kune mhando mbiri dzemajekiseni ekudzivirira chirwere chemeningococcal. MuSri Lanka, unogona zvakare kuwana mazano ekurapa panyaya iyi. Zvakanaka zvikuru kune avo vari mumapoka ane njodzi huru (semuenzaniso, vacheche vari pasi pegore rimwe, vechidiki, vanhu vanogara mudzimba dzekurara, uye avo vane mamwe matambudziko ehutano) kuti vataure nachiremba nezvemajekiseni aya. Jekiseni iri rinogona kunge riri repamutemo kana uchifamba kune dzimwe nyika.

2. Tora Mishonga Inorwisa Mabhakitiriya Yekudzivirira Kana Zvichidikanwa

Kana uri kutora mishonga yakaita se "complement inhibitor" yatakambotaura, chiremba wako anogona kukukurudzira kuti utore mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kudzivirira chirwere chemeningococcal paunenge uchitora mishonga iyoyo. Mishonga iyi "complement inhibitor" inowanzopihwa kune zvirwere zvisingawanzoitiki zvakaita se:

• `Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome` (Ichi chirwere chine chekuita neropa)
• Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (chirwere cheropa)
• Myasthenia gravis (inokonzera kushaya simba kwetsandanyama)

Uyewo, kana uchigara nemunhu ane chirwere chemeningococcal kana kuti waimbosangana naye padyo (semuenzaniso, mumba imwe chete, mukirasi imwe chete), chiremba wako anogonawo kukuudza kuti utore mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya senzira yekudzivirira (mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya / chemoprophylaxis) . Izvi zvinoitirwa kuuraya mabhakitiriya kana atove mumuviri wako, kudzivirira kuti asawane chirwere ichi, uye kukudzivirira kuti usachiparadzire kune vamwe.

3. Dzidzira kudzivirira uye kudzivirira hutachiona

Kazhinji, gara kure nevanhu vanorwara, kunyanya avo vane fivha kana kukosora, pese pazvinogoneka . Geza maoko ako nguva nenguva uye zvakakwana nesipo nemvura., kwemasekonzi makumi maviri. Shandisa mushonga wekuchenesa maoko une doro kana sipo nemvura zvisipo. Dzivisa kubata maziso ako, mhino, nemuromo nemaoko asina kugezwa. Vhara muromo wako nemhino netishu kana gokora rako paunenge uchikosora kana kuhotsira. Kunyangwe aya ari maitiro ehutano akajairika, anogonawo kukubatsira kukudzivirira kubva kuzvirwere izvi zvine njodzi.

Chii chaungatarisira kana ukabatwa nechirwere chemeningococcal?

Chirwere cheMeningococcal chirwere chakakomba zvikuru . Chinogona kutungamira ku 'Meningococcal Meningitis' kana 'Meningococcal Septicemia'. Chinogona kutouraya . Saka, zvakakosha kutsvaga kurapwa nekukurumidza .

Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inogona kutanga kurapwa chiremba asati aratidza kuti une chirwere chemeningococcal, sezvo kurapwa nekukurumidza kuchiwedzera mukana wekupora zvizere.

Kunyangwe kana kurapwa kuchiitwa, mamwe matambudziko anogona kuitika. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kukuvara kusingaperi kweganda kana nhengo dzemukati. Kana kuti, zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko enguva pfupi, akadai sekuoma kwekutarisa.

Zvakakosha kuti, kusiyana nedzimwe hutachiona, chirwere chemeningococcal chinogona kubatwa kanopfuura kamwe chete muhupenyu hwako. Kuva nacho kamwe chete hakukupi dziviriro yemuviri wako kweupenyu hwako hwese. Kana wakambobatwa nacho kanopfuura kamwe chete, chiremba wako angangoda kuyedza dziviriro yemuviri wako.

Unofanira kuona chiremba rini kana uchifungidzira kuti une chirwere chemeningococcal kana kuti une zviratidzo?

Kana uine zviratidzo zvechirwere chemeningococcal, kana kuti uchifungidzira kuti unacho, unofanira kuona chiremba nekukasika, pasina kunonoka. Izvi zvinofanira kutorwa sedambudziko rekukurumidzira.

Kana ukasangana nematambudziko pakurapwa, kana kuti uchinzwa kuti zviratidzo zvako zviri kuwedzera kuipa, taurira chiremba wako nekukasika.

Kunyangwe zvimwe zvezviratidzo zvechirwere chemeningococcal, zvakaita sefivha nekurwadziwa kwemuviri, zvichigona kufanana nezvimwe zvirwere zvisina kunyanya kukomba, zvakakosha kuziva nekurapa chirwere ichi nekukurumidza nekuti chinogona kukura nekukurumidza. Kana iwe kana mwana wako muine chimwe chezviratidzo izvi, kunyanya mutsipa wakaoma , fivha, uye mapundu eganda , iva nechokwadi chekuona chiremba. Kubayiwa majekiseni ndeimwe yematanho akakosha ekudzivirira izvi.

Zvinhu zvakakosha zvatinofanira kurangarira kubva munyaya iyi (Mharidzo Yekuenda Kumba)

Zvakanaka, saka ikozvino wava kunzwisisa zviri nani zvatanga tichitaura nezvazvo, chirwere chemeningococcal. Yeuka:

• Chirwere chemeningococcal chirwere chakakomba zvikuru, chinopararira nekukurumidza chinokonzerwa nemabhakitiriya .
• Fivha, musoro wakanyanya, mutsipa wakaoma , uye mavara matsvuku/pepuru paganda (kunyanya mavara asingatsvedze kana akadzvanywa) ndizvo zviratidzo zvikuru zvekunyevera. Kana ukaona izvi , tsvaga rubatsiro rwechiremba nekukasika .Nguva inokosha zvikuru.
• Kuongororwa kwechirwere nekukurumidza uye kurapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kwakakosha mukuponesa hupenyu uye kuderedza matambudziko anoitika kwenguva refu.
• Kubaiwa nhomba ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekuzvidzivirira kubva kuchirwere ichi, kunyanya kune avo vari mumapoka ane njodzi huru. Taura nachiremba wako nezvenyaya iyi.
• Kuchena kwemuviri (kugeza maoko nguva nenguva, kufukidza muromo wako paunenge uchikosora/kuhotsira) uye kugara kure nevanhu vanorwara zvakakoshawo.
• Pane kutya chirwere ichi, kuchenjera kuziva zvakawanda uye kutora matanho anodiwa . Kana iwe kana mumwe munhu wemumhuri mako aine mibvunzo nezvenyaya iyi, usambozeza kutaura nachiremba.

` Chirwere cheMeningococcal, Chirwere cheMeningococcal, Utachiona hweMabhakitiriya, Meningitis, Zviratidzo, Jekiseni, Mishonga Inorwisa Mabhakitiriya, Neisseria meningitidis