Mwana wenyu ari kunzwa nyota kupfuura mazuva ano here? Anofanira kuita weti kakawanda here? Ari kunzwa seari kudzikira uremu here kunyangwe ari kudya zvakanaka? Izvi zvingaita sezvinhu zviri nyore, asi dzimwe nguva zvinogona kuva zviratidzo zvekutanga zvechirwere chinonzi Type 1 diabetes muvana. Ichi chirwere chisingaperi chinowanzoitika pakati pevana. Saka sevabereki, zvakakosha kuti tizive izvi uye tisazvitye.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chii chinonzi chirwere cheshuga cherudzi rwekutanga muvana ava?
Chirwere cheshuga cherudzi rwekutanga chirwere chinokonzerwa ne autoimmune. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, masoja emuviri wedu (uto rinotidzivirira kubva kuzvirwere) anorwisa nekuparadza masero anogadzira insulin (anonzi beta cells) ari mupancreas yedu.
Funga nezvazvo, insulin ndiyo kiyi inovhura musuwo wekuti shuga (glucose) muropa redu ipinde mumasero emuviri. Saka kana masero aya anogadzira insulin akaparadzwa, muviri unomira kugadzira insulin yaunoda. Ipapo huwandu hweshuga muropa hunokwira zvine njodzi. Izvi zvinonzi chirwere cheshuga cherudzi rwekutanga.
Vanhu vazhinji vanovhiringidza chirwere cheshuga cherudzi rwekutanga nerwechipiri. Muchirwere cheshuga cherudzi rwechipiri, muviri unogadzira insulin, asi masero haapindure zvakanaka (insulin resistance). Zvisinei, muchirwere cherudzi rwekutanga, kugadzirwa kwe insulin kunomira. Saka, mwana ane chirwere cheshuga cherudzi rwekutanga anofanira kupihwa insulin kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo zuva rega rega kuti ararame.
Kunyangwe chirwere ichi chichigona kuitika pazera ripi zvaro, chinonyanya kuonekwa pazera remakore mashanu kana panguva yekuyaruka (makore gumi kusvika gumi nemana).
Sei vana vachibatwa nechirwere ichi?
Hapana chikonzero chimwe chete chaicho cheizvi, asi vanachiremba vanotenda kuti izvi zvinokonzerwa nezvinhu zviviri:
1. Kubatwa neMajini: Vamwe vana vane mukana wekuva nezvirwere zvemuviri zvinorwisa muviri. Kunyanya, kusiyana kwemajini kunonzi ``(HLA)`` kwakawanikwa kuti kune chekuita neizvi.
2. Zvinokonzera Kupararira Kwenharaunda: Chirwere ichi hachingoberekwi nekuda kwezvikonzero zvemajini chete. Chinofanira kukonzerwa nechimwe chinhu chenharaunda. Zvimwe zvezvinhu izvi zvinosanganisira:
- Zvimwe zvinhu zvinosangana naamai vasati vaberekwa.
- Zvimwe zvirwere zvinogona kubatwa nemwana achiri mudiki.
- Kudya kwemwana.
- Nharaunda yemabhakitiriya anobatsira mumuviri (`microbiome`).
Nekuda kwezvikonzero izvi, masoja emuviri anovhiringidzika uye anotanga kugadzira ma antibodies (`autoantibodies`) kurwisa masero anogadzira insulin. Nekufamba kwenguva, kana masero aya aparadzwa zvachose, zviratidzo zvechirwere cheshuga zvinotanga kuoneka.
Ungazviziva sei? - Zviratidzo zvikuru uye njodzi
Ngwarira zviratidzo izvi mumwana wako. Zvinogona kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma nekufamba kwemazuva, mavhiki, kana mwedzi.
| Chiratidzo | Tsananguro |
|---|---|
| Nyota yakawandisa | Chido chekunwa mvura yakawanda kupfuura yakajairika. |
| Kuweta zvakanyanya | Kunyangwe mwana akadzidziswa chimbuzi anogona kutanga kunyorovesa mubhedha husiku. Manapukeni evana vadiki anozadza nekukurumidza. |
| Kuderedza huremu kunyangwe uchidya zvakanaka | Kudzikira uremu kusinganzwisisike kunyangwe uchidya zvakanaka. |
| Nzara yakawandisa | Kukumbira chikafu kakawanda kupfuura nguva dzose, uchiti une nzara. |
| Kuneta | Mwana anogara achirara uye asina hupenyu. |
| Kuona kusina kujeka | Mwana anogona kukuudza nezvekuchinja kwemaonero ake. |
| Dambudziko rinoda kurapwa nekukurumidza: DKA (Diabetic Ketoacidosis) | |
| Mweya unonhuhwirira muchero | Kufema kunonhuwirira semuchero, waini, kana mushonga wekubvisa nyere. |
| Kurutsa uye kurwadziwa kwemudumbu | Kurutsa kakawanda uye kurwadziwa kwakanyanya mudumbu. |
| Kufema nekukurumidza | Kuwedzera kwekufema. |
| Kuvhiringidzika uye hope | Hunhu hwemwana hunochinja, kuvhiringidzika, kurara zvakanyanya, kana kurasikirwa nepfungwa. |
Zvakakosha: DKA (`Diabetic Ketoacidosis`) chirwere chinouraya chinogona kukonzera matambudziko. Kana mwana wako aine chimwe chezviratidzo zveDKA zvataurwa pamusoro apa, muendese kuchipatara chiri pedyo neEmergency Department (ETU) nekukasika.
Chiremba angasimbisa sei izvi?
Kana ukaenda nemwana wako kuna chiremba, vanozoongororwa ropa zvishoma kuti vaone kana aine chirwere cheshuga.
- Kuongororwa kweGlucose muRopa: Huwandu hweshuga muropa hunoyerwa panguva yekutsanya kana chero nguva (zvisingatarisirwi).
- Kuongororwa kweA1c: Kuongororwa uku kunogona kuona huwandu hweshuga yeropa yemwana mumwedzi mitatu yapfuura.
- Kuongororwa kweAntibody: Kana chirwere changosimbiswa, ropa rinoongororwa kuti rionekwe here kuti rine ma antibodies (`autoantibodies`) anopesana nemasero anogadzira insulin kuti zvionekwe kana chirwere cheshuga cherudzi rwekutanga.
- C-peptide Level: Kuongororwa uku kunobatsira kuona kuti muviri uri kugadzira insulin yakawanda sei. Muchirwere cheshuga cheType 1, huwandu uhwu hwakaderera zvikuru.
Inorapwa sei? - Maitiro ekurapa izvi
Chirwere cheshuga cherudzi rwekutanga hachigone kurapwa. Asi kana mwana wako akatarisirwa zvakanaka, anogona kurarama hupenyu hune hutano hwakanaka uye hune simba. Chiremba wako anowanzo tumira mwana wako kuna chiremba ane ruzivo nezvechirwere cheshuga (chiremba wevana vanorwara nepfungwa). Pane zvinhu zvitatu zvikuru zvinoumba kurapa.
1. Gara uchitarisa huwandu hweshuga muropa (Kutarisa shuga muropa)
Huwandu hweshuga muropa remwana hunofanira kuongororwa kakawanda pazuva uchishandisa glucometer. Midziyo mitsva, inonzi Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM), inogonawo kugara ichitarisa huwandu hweshuga kuburikidza nekasensa kadiki kakaiswa pasi peganda.
2. Majekiseni e insulin
Ichi ndicho chikamu chakakosha pakutarisira chirwere. Mwana wako achafanira kubaya insulin zuva nezuva, kakawanda pazuva. Dzimwe nguva pombi ye insulin inogona kushandiswa. Huwandu hwe insulin inofanira kupihwa hunosiyana zvichienderana nezvinodyiwa nemwana wako, kuti anoita maekisesaizi akawanda sei, uye nguva yezuva. Chiremba wako achakutsanangurira izvi.
3. Kuverengwa kwemacarbohydrates uye kudya
Unofanira kudzidza kuverenga huwandu hwemakabhohaidhiretsi ari mukudya kwemwana wako uye kuona huwandu hweinsulin hunoenderana nazvo. Zvakakosha zvikuru kutsvaga rubatsiro kubva kune nyanzvi yezvekudya kuti uwane izvi. Chinangwa pano ndechekupa kudya kwakaringana uye kune hutano.
Tingabatsira sei mwana ane chirwere cheshuga?
Izvi zvinonetsa vabereki nemwana. Asi rutsigiro rwako nemafungiro akanaka zvinosimbisa mwana zvikuru.
- Ramba uine tariro: Vanhu vazhinji vane chirwere cheshuga cherudzi rwekutanga vanorarama hupenyu hune hutano uye hune simba, saka musatya.
- Usapomera mwana wako mhosva: Dzimwe nguva, kunyangwe ukaita zvese nemazvo, huwandu hweshuga muropa rako hunogona kuramba huchikwira nekudzika. Pane kutuka mwana wako, tarisa pane zvinofanirwa kuitwa panguva iyoyo.
- Ita kuti mwana wako azvisarudzire: Dzidzisa mwana wako zvishoma nezvishoma kugadzirisa dambudziko rake. Dzidzira kutarisa huwandu hweshuga muropa rake uye kuverenga insulin ari ega.
- Udza vamwe: Gadzirisa mhuri yemwana, vadzidzisi, neshamwari nezvemamiriro acho ezvinhu. Vatsanangurire zvekuita kana paine dambudziko.
- Gadzirira njodzi: Kuderera kweshuga muropa (hypoglycemia) idambudziko. Chengeta chinhu chakaita sejekiseni reglucagon pedyo kuti upe kana paine dambudziko. Bvunza chiremba wako nezvazvo.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Chirwere cheshuga cherudzi rwekutanga hachisi chinhu chinokonzerwa nemhosva yemwana. Chirwere che autoimmune chinokonzerwa nekusashanda zvakanaka kwemasoja emuviri.
- Dambudziko iri rinogara kwenguva refu, asi rinogona kurapwa zvakanaka nekurapwa ne insulin, kudya kwakakodzera, uye kutarisa huwandu hweshuga muropa.
- Kana mwana wako achiratidza zviratidzo zvakaita senyota yakawandisa, kuita weti kakawanda, kana kudzikira uremu pasinei nekudya zvakanaka, enda kuna chiremba nekukurumidza.
- Kufema zvine michero, kurutsa, kurwadziwa mudumbu, uye hope dzakanyanya (zviratidzo zveDKA) ndizvoDambudziko rinoda kuti munhu apinzwe muchipatara nekukasika.
- Nerutsigiro rwakakodzera nedzidzo, mwana ane chirwere cheshuga cherudzi rwekutanga anogona kurarama hupenyu hunofadza, hune hutano, uye hunobudirira.
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