Pane musiyano here mumaziso emwana wako? Ngatidzidzei nezve 'Optic Nerve Hypoplasia' uye 'Septo-Optic Dysplasia'!

Paunotarisa mwana wako, wakambonzwa here kuti maziso ake haasi kukutarisa zvakananga, sekunge ari kungomhanya-mhanya pano neapo, kana kuti haakwanise kugara panzvimbo imwe chete? Dzimwe nguva unonzwa sekuti haatarise chitoyi chidiki zvakanaka, asi anongotamba nacho here? Zvakajairika kuti amai kana baba vanzwe kutya nekuzvidya mwoyo zvakanyanya pavanoona zvinhu zvakadai. Nhasi tichataura nezvechirwere chinogona kukonzera zviratidzo izvi uye chinowanikwa pakuzvarwa . Izvi zvinonzi 'Optic Nerve Hypoplasia'.

Chii chinonzi 'Optic Nerve Hypoplasia'?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, Optic Nerve Hypoplasia chirwere chekuzvarwa nacho. Chinoitika pano ndechekuti optic nerve, inotakura mameseji pakati pemaziso edu neuropi, haikure zvakanaka kana kuti idiki. Funga nezvazvo semakamera maviri. Zvinoonekwa nekamera zvinotumirwa kuuropi semifananidzo kuburikidza neoptic nerve. Saka kana tsinga iyi isina kukura zvakanaka, zvinoonekwa neziso hazviendi kuuropi zvakajeka. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko akasiyana-siyana ekuona, akadai sekudzungaira kwemaziso .

Dambudziko iri haringokanganisi tsinga dzemaziso chete. Dzimwe nguva rinogonawo kukanganisa kukura kwezvimwe zvikamu zvehuropi hwemwana, kunyanya:

• Zvikanganiso zvepakati peuropi: Zvikamu zveuropi zvinoparadzanisa hemispheres mbiri, zvakaita se septum pellucidum ne corpus callosum, zvingasakura zvakanaka. Dzimwe nguva, izvi zvingasakura zvachose. Izvi zvakakosha pakutaurirana pakati pezvikamu zveuropi.

• Kushaya simba kweGland rePituitary: Ungave wakambonzwa nezveGland rePituitary. Riri pasi pehuropi, pasi peHypothalamus. Gland diki iri rinodzora mabasa akawanda akakosha mumuviri wedu, kunyanya kugadzirwa kwemahormone . Saka kana gland iri rikasakura zvakanaka, rinogona kusagadzira mahormone anodiwa nemuviri, kana kuti rinogona kuburitsa mashoma.

Dzimwe nguva, chirwere ichi chinonziwo `(Optic Nerve Hypoplasia)` kana `(Septo-Optic Dysplasia - SOD)` kana `(de Morsier Syndrome)`. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti, sezvakawanikwa netsvakurudzo, vanhu vese vane `(SOD)` vane `development of optic nerve development. Zvisinei, vanhu vashoma chete vane `(ONH)` (kureva pakati pe5% ne10%) vane `development of the midsections of the brain (semuenzaniso, `(Septum Pellucidum)`).

Dambudziko iri rakajairika zvakadii?

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti munyika dzakadai seUnited States, mwana mumwe chete pavana 10,000Zvinonzi chirwere ichi `(Optic Nerve Hypoplasia)` chinogona kubata vanhu vanosvika 100,000. Zvakare, chirwere ichi chakaonekwa sechikonzero chikuru chekurasikirwa nekuona pakati pevana vari pasi pemakore matatu ekuberekwa. Kune vana vakadaro muSri Lanka zvakare.

Ko Optic Nerve Hypoplasia chirwere chakakomba here?

Ehe, ichi chirwere chakakomba, uye chinogona kuva chakakomba dzimwe nguva. Asi migumisiro yacho inosiyana kubva pamunhu kusvika pamunhu. Vamwe vana vanogona kunge vaine matambudziko makuru ekuona. Zvakare, kana pituitary gland ikakanganiswa, inogona kukanganisa kugadzirwa kwemahormone mumuviri. Mamwe matambudziko ane chekuita nemahormone anogona kutoisa hupenyu panjodzi. Saka, kana uchifunga kuti mwana wako ane zviratidzo izvi, kana ukaona shanduko mumaitiro ake, zvakakosha kuona chiremba nekukasika, kunyanya chiremba wevana kana chiremba wemaziso.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zveOptic Nerve Hypoplasia?

Zviratidzo zvinoonekwa pachirwere ichi zvinogona kukanganisa ziso rimwe chete kana maziso ese ari maviri.

Zviratidzo zvinogona kuonekwa zvine chekuita nemaziso:

• Kukanganisika kwekuona: Izvi zvinogona kubva pakuderera zvishoma kwekuona kusvika pakurasikirwa nekuona zvachose (Kukanganisika Kwekuona Kwakanyanya kana Kusaona).
• Nystagmus: Kufamba-famba kwemaziso nekukurumidza uye kunoramba kuchienderera mberi kubva kurutivi kuenda kurutivi kana kumusoro nekudzika, zvakafanana neruoko rwechipiri rwewachi, asi nekukurumidza.
• Strabismus (maziso akapatsanurwa) kana Esotropia (maziso asingataridzike divi rimwe chete): Ziso rimwe rinogona kutarisa mberi asi rimwe rinogona kutarisa divi rakasiyana.
• Kuomerwa nekutarisa pane chimwe chinhu: Kana munhu akakumbirwa kutarisa chimwe chinhu, chakadai sechitoyi, anogona kusakwanisa kutarisa pachiri zvakanaka.

Zviratidzo zvinogona kuitika nekuda kwekusagadzikana kwekukura kweuropi:

• Matambudziko Ekukura Kwepfungwa (`(Kuremara Kwepfungwa)`): Zvinhu zvakaita sematambudziko ekudzidza, kugona kwepfungwa kusakura nenzira yakakodzera zera.
• Kubatwa nepfari: Kurasikirwa nepfungwa kamwe kamwe uye kubatwa nepfari.

Zviratidzo zvine chekuita nemahormone zvinogona kuitika nekuda kwekudzikira kwekukura kwegland repituitary:

Izvi zvakakosha zvikuru, nekuti mahormone anotonga zvinhu zvakawanda mumiviri yedu.

• Kuoma kwekutonga mashandiro emuviri: Semuenzaniso, kutadza kudzora nzara nenyota, matambudziko ekurara, kutadza kuchengetedza tembiricha yemuviri zvakanaka.
• Kusakwanisa kubata pamuviri: Kusareba zvakanaka zvinoenderana nezera, kupfupika zvakanyanya kupfuura vamwe vana.
• Hypothyroidism: Izvi zvinokanganisawo maitiro akawanda mumuviri.
• Kunonoka kuyaruka.
• Shuga shoma muropa (Hypoglycemia): Izvi zvinogona kuva nengozi.
• Chirwere chinoita sechirwere cheshuga asi chisina chekuita neshuga, chinokonzera weti yakawandisa uye nyota (`(Diabetes Insipidus)`).
• Jaundice: Kutsvuka kweganda nemaziso, kunyanya muvana vacheche.

Fungidzira musikana wako mudiki ari kuedza kutarisa chitoyi, asi maziso ake haaratidzike zvakanaka, kana kuti ari kungodedera. Kana kuti anogara achirutsa, achiita seanotonhora, uye haadi kunwa mukaka zvakanaka. Kana ukaona chimwe chinhu chakadai, unofanira kuona chiremba nekukasika.

Ko Optic Nerve Hypoplasia inogona kukonzera upofu hwakakwana here?

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, hongu. Chirwere ichi chinogona kukonzera kurasikirwa nekuona zvakanyanya kana kutotadza kuona zvachose . Kune rumwe rutivi, vamwe vana vane matambudziko ekuona zvishoma. Dzimwe nguva, mwana paanokura, zvimwe zvezviratidzo izvi (zvakaita se nystagmus) zvinogona kudzikira. Chiremba wako achakwanisa kukuudza chaizvo kuti chirwere ichi chichakanganisa sei mwana wako.

Ndezvipi zvikonzero zvemamiriro ezvinhu aya?

Vaongorori havasati vava nechokwadi chekuti chii chaizvo chinokonzera Optic Nerve Hypoplasia. Zvisinei, zvinofungidzirwa kuti inokonzerwa nekusanganiswa kwezvinhu zvakatikomberedza uye majini. Semuenzaniso, chirwere ichi chinogona kunge chakabatana ne fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), iyo inokonzerwa naamai vanonwa doro panguva yekuzvitakura.

Kunyange hazvo chikonzero chemajini chisingawanikwe nguva dzose, mune dzimwe nguva shanduko dzemajini (`(Mutations)`) dzinogona kukanganisa izvi. Shanduko idzi dzemajini dzinogara nhaka se`(Autosomal Recessive)`, zvinoreva kuti mwana anogona chete kuva nechirwere ichi kana mwana akagamuchira jini iri rakachinjwa kubva kuna amai nababa. Mamwe majini angave akabatanidzwa ndeaya:

• `(HESX1)`
• `(SOX2)`
• `(SOX3)`
• `(OTX2)`
• `(PROKR2)`
• Mamwe majini asati awanikwa.

Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinokonzera njodzi yeOptic Nerve Hypoplasia?

Pane zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona kukonzera dambudziko iri. Izvi ndizvo zvinowanzo kanganisa amai panguva yekuzvitakura:

• Zera raamai vari pasi pemakore gumi nemapfumbamwe.
• Kuva nepamuviri kekutanga.
• Mumwe munhu mumhuri (mhuri yekuzvarwa) akambova nechirwere ichi.

Kana uri kutanga mhuri kana kutarisira mumwe mwana, zvakakosha zvikuru kuenda kumakiriniki ekuchengetedza vana vasati vaberekwa nguva dzose. Izvi zvichakubatsira kuchengetedza hutano hwako nehwemwana wako asati aberekwa.

Ndezvipi zvinetso zvechirwere ichi?

Matambudziko e optic nerve hypoplasia anosiyana zvichienderana nekuti chikamu chipi cheuropi chakanganiswa. Mamwe matambudziko anogona kusanganisira:

• Kusakwanisa kudzora tembiricha yemuviri.
• Nzara nenyota zvakanyanya (`(Hyperphagia)`) uye nekudaro kufuta (`(Kufuta)`).
• Kushaya chishuwo chekudya kana kuramba kudya (`(Hypophagia)`).
• Kusarongeka kwemaitiro ekurara nekumuka.
• Kunonoka kukura: Izvi zvinoreva kunonoka muhunyanzvi hwekufamba netsoka (sekufamba nekukambaira) uye hunyanzvi hwekutaurirana (sehunyanzvi hwekutaurirana).
• Dambudziko reAutism Spectrum (ASD).

Mamwe ematambudziko aya, kunyanya matambudziko ekudzora tembiricha yemuviri uye kudya, anogona kuisa hupenyu panjodzi mune dzimwe nguva, saka kungwarira kukuru kunofanira kuitwa.

Optic Nerve Hypoplasia inoonekwa sei?

Dambudziko iri rinowanzoonekwa nachiremba wemaziso mushure mekuongororwa kwemaziso nedzimwe bvunzo. Kazhinji, chiratidzo chekutanga cheizvi mafambiro emaziso asina kujairika. Chiratidzo ichi chinogona kuonekwa mukati memwedzi mishoma yekutanga yekuzvarwa kwemwana. Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva chingasaonekwa kusvika mwana ava kuchikoro kana kuti ava mudiki.

ONH inogona kuitika yoga, zvichireva kuti haikanganisi zvimwe zvikamu zveuropi. Kana, pamusoro petsinga yemaziso, inogona kuonekwa ine dambudziko rimwe chete kana akawanda mukukura kweuropi nepituitary gland.

Kuti vasimbise chirwere ichi, chiremba anogona kuraira kuti vaongorore mifananidzo, zvakaita seMRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) scan kana CT scan (Computed Tomography scan). Kuongororwa uku kunobatsira chiremba kuti anzwisise zviri nani kukura kweuropi hwemwana wako.

Pamusoro pezvo, bvunzo dzeropa dzakawanda dzinogona kuitwa. Izvi zvinoitwa kuti pasave nezvimwe zvirwere zvine zviratidzo zvakafanana. Semuenzaniso, mazinga e cortisol muropa uye mahormone ekukura anogona kuongororwa. Izvi zvinogona kunge zvisina kujairika mu ONH.

Ko Optic Nerve Hypoplasia inogona kurapwa here?

Zvinosuwisa kuti pari zvino hapana mushonga wechirwere ichi. Sezvo chiri chirwere chekuzvarwa nacho, hachigone kuchinjwa kana kugadziriswa.

Saka unobata sei izvi?

Kurapa kwakagadzirirwa kudzora zviratidzo zvemwana uye kumubatsira. Izvi zvinogona kusiyana kubva pamunhu kusvika pamunhu. Mishonga mikuru ndeiyi:

• Kurapa kwekuona:Kushandisa michina inobatsira pamatambudziko ekuona, senge magirazi akakosha uye magirazi ekukudza ('low-vision aids'), kubatsira mwana kuita mabasa ezuva nezuva.
• Kurapa Kutsiva Mahormone: Kana paine kushomeka kwemahormone nekuda kwematambudziko negland repituitary, mahormone anopihwa kunze. Kune mishonga yakakosha yeizvi.
• Kurapa Kwemuviri, Kurapa Kwebasa, uye/kana Kurapa Kwekutaura: Kurapa uku kunobatsira kuvandudza kukura kwemuviri wemwana, kugona kuita mabasa ezuva nezuva ari ega, uye hunyanzvi hwekutaura.

Chiremba ndiye achasarudza kuti rudzii rwekurapa rwakanakira mwana wako uye achagadzira hurongwa hwekurapa zvinoenderana nazvo. Zvichienderana nezvimwe zviratidzo zvemwana wako, mamwe marapirwo chaiwo angadiwa.

Kana muchida kupa mwana wenyu mushonga, bvunzai chiremba wenyu nokungwarira kuti munofanira kumupa riini mushonga wacho, kuti wakawanda sei, kuti mungamupa sei, uye kuti ndeapi mamwe matambudziko amunofanira kuziva.

Ramangwana remwana richava rakaita sei nemamiriro ezvinhu aya?

Migumisiro yeOptic Nerve Hypoplasia inosiyana zvikuru kubva pamunhu kusvika pamunhu. Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinogona kuonekwa paucheche, nepo zvimwe zvingaonekwa paudiki kana kuyaruka. Mashoko akanaka ndeekuti chirwere ichi hachienderere mberi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti chirwere hachiwedzere kuipa nekufamba kwenguva . Zvimwe zviratidzo, zvakaita se nystagmus, zvinogona kutowedzera nekukura.

Vana vane ONH vanoda kutariswa kwenguva refu uye kutarisirwa kubva kuvabereki, vanovachengeta, uye vanachiremba. Vanofanira kugara vachitariswa kuti hutano hwavo hwakanaka. Vanofanira kuongororwa maziso kanenge kamwe chete pagore uye kuonana nedzimwe nyanzvi kana zvichidikanwa.

Kunyange zvazvo matambudziko akakomba negland repituitary achigona kutyisidzira hupenyu, mhedzisiro yakanaka inogona kuwanikwa kana chirwere chikaonekwa uye chikarapwa nekukurumidza.

Ko Optic Nerve Hypoplasia inogona kudzivirirwa here?

Pari zvino hapana nzira inozivikanwa yekudzivirira chirwere ichi. Kana uchironga kubata pamuviri, zvakanaka kuonana nachiremba wezvemajini kana mupi wehutano hwepamuviri kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezvezvinhu zvinokukonzera njodzi uye kuti ungaramba sei uine hutano hwakanaka.

Ndinofanira kuona chiremba rini?

Kana maziso emwana wako asingakutarise zvakanaka, asina kumira zvakanaka, kana kufamba nenzira isingawanzoitiki , enda kuna chiremba nekukurumidza. Zvakare, udza chiremba wako kana mwana wako asiri kusvika padanho rekukura (semuenzaniso, kukambaira, kukambaira, kana kusvika pazvinhu) zvinoenderana nezera rake.

Kana mwana wako aine pfari, fonera 911 nekukasika kana kuti uende naye kuchipatara chiri pedyo.

Mibvunzo ipi yandinofanira kubvunza chiremba?

Unogona kubvunza chiremba wako mibvunzo yakaita seiyi:

• Ndingabatsira sei mwana wangu kuti agadzirise zviratidzo zvake?
• Ndinofanira kuitei kana ndikaona kuti mwana wangu haasi kuita zvinhu zvinokosha pakukura kwake?
• Mwana wangu anoda magirazi here kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinobatsira kuona?
• Chirwere che `(ONH)` chichakanganisa sei mwana wangu paanotanga chikoro?
• Mwana wangu anofanira kuongororwa maziso kangani?

Pakupedzisira, zvinhu zvekurangarira

Semubereki, zvakajairika kunzwa kutya kana maziso emwana wako achidzungaira asingakutarise zvakanaka. Chirwere chinonzi Optic Nerve Hypoplasia chinogona kukanganisa kugona kwemwana wako kukuona zvakajeka. Chinogonawo kukanganisa zvimwe zvikamu zveuropi zvinobatsira pamabasa akakosha akadai sekugadzirwa kwemahormone nekukura kwemuviri.

Asi yeuka kuti hausi wega. Chiremba anogona kuongorora mwana wako, oongorora chirwere chake, uye opa hurongwa hwekurapa hunoenderana nezviratidzo zvake.

Zvakajairika kuti vana vade rubatsiro rwakawanda kuchikoro kupfuura vamwe vana, kunyanya kana vachitora nguva yakareba kuti vakure kupfuura vamwe. Kana mukaona zviratidzo zvinonetsa zviri kukanganisa kukura kana kukura kwemwana wenyu, musazeza kuudza chiremba wenyu. Chikwata chevanachiremba chemwana wenyu chinogara chakagadzirira kupindura mibvunzo yamunenge muinayo. Neushingi, munogona kupa mwana wenyu rubatsiro rwakanakisisa rwaanoda.

hypoplasia yetsinga dzemaziso, septo-optic dysplasia, upofu hwekuzvarwa nahwo, kutadza kuona zvakanaka, pituitary gland, kukura kwemwana, nystagmus