Mapapu emwana wako haasi kukura zvakanaka here? (Pulmonary Hypoplasia) Ngatidzidzei nezvazvo!

Mufaro waunonzwa paunotarisa mwana achangoberekwa hautsananguriki, handiti? Asi dzimwe nguva, pamwe chete nemufaro iwoyo, kutya kudiki kunouya mupfungwa, kunyanya kana ukaona kuti mwana ari kunetseka kufema. Panguva dzakadaro, mumwe wemibvunzo inomuka mupfungwa dzevabereki ndewekuti, "Pane chimwe chinhu chisina kumira zvakanaka pamwana wangu here?". Nhasi tichataura nezvechirwere chakakomba, asi chakakosha kwazvo chekuziva. Kureva kuti, mapapu emwana haakure zvakanaka, chirwere chatinodaidza kuti `(Pulmonary Hypoplasia)`.

Chii chinonzi `(Pulmonary Hypoplasia)`? Ngatizvinzwisise zviri nyore.

Muchidimbu, Pulmonary Hypoplasia inguva apo mapapu emwana wako asingakure sezvaitarisirwa ari mudumbu. Ichi chirwere chekuzvarwa nacho , zvichireva kuti anowanikwa pakuzvarwa. Kazhinji, chinokonzerwa nechimwe chirwere chiri pasi. Kureva kuti, mapapu haana nzvimbo yakakwana yekukura mudumbu. Dzimwe nguva, vanachiremba vanoona chirwere ichi mwana asati aberekwa, panguva yekuzvitakura, kuburikidza neultrasound scans. Dzimwe nguva, chinowanikwa mushure mekunge mwana aberekwa kana mazuva mashoma mushure mekuzvarwa.

Zvino tarisai, mukati memapapu edu mune tumasagi tudiki twemhepo tunonzi alveoli. Aya ndiwo anowedzera okisijeni yatinotora muropa. Ropa rinozotakura okisijeni iyi kuenda kumatishu emuviri wese. Saka, kana mapapu asina kukura zvakanaka, aya masagi emhepo anenge ari mashomawo. Chii chinoitika ipapo? Dzimwe nhengo nematishu emuviri haawani okisijeni yakakwana. Izvi zvinoita kuti mwoyo ushande nesimba, uye BP mumapapu inogona kutowedzera (pulmonary hypertension). Funga nezvazvo, kungofanana nemuti mudiki usingakwanise kukura zvakanaka kana usina mvura, nzvimbo, uye chikafu.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvinoratidza mwana?

Kana mwana achangoberekwa aine Pulmonary Hypoplasia, anogona kuratidza zviratidzo zvakaita se:

• Ruvara rwebhuruu paganda, miromo, kana nzara (`(cyanosis)`) . Izvi zvinoitika kana nhengo dzemuviri dzisiri kuwana okisijeni yakakwana. Zvikuru, ruvara urwu rwebhuruu runoitika kana ropa riine okisijeni shoma.
• Mhino dziri kupfumbuka . Izvi zvinoreva kuti mwana ari kuedza zvakanyanya kufema nekuti zvakaoma. Sezvatinongoita patinomhanya todonha, tinoburitsa mhino dzedu tofema.
• Kutadza kufema. Mwana anogona kuridza ruzha rwekufemera kana kufemera.
• Kuwedzera kwekufema (tachypnea) . Kana mwana ari kufema nekukurumidza kupfuura zvakajairika, ichocho chiratidzowo.

Kana mwana wako aine chimwe chezviratidzo izvi kana kupfuura, zvakanaka kuti uone chiremba nekukasika. Izvi zvinogonawo kuva zviratidzo zvezvimwe zvirwere zvekufema, saka zvakakosha kuti uzive chirwere chacho nekukurumidza.

Sei izvi zvichiitika? Ndezvipi zvikonzero zvikuru zve `(Pulmonary Hypoplasia)`?

Kushaya simba kwemapapu kunowanzokonzerwa nezvimwe zvirwere zvinotadzisa mapapu kukura zvakanaka mumwana ari mudumbu. Izvi zvinoita kuti mapapu asawane nzvimbo yaanoda kuti akure. Zvirwere zvinotevera ndizvo zvinonyanya kuitika:

• Mvura yeamniotic yakaderera (oligohydramnios) : Kana mvura yeamniotic shoma yakakomberedza mwana, inogona kumanikidza mapapu uye kuita kuti akure zvisina kunaka. Mvura iyi inoshanda semutsigiro wemwana uye inobatsira mapapu kukura.
• Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) : Diaphragm imhasuru inoparadzanisa chipfuva nedumbu. Kana paine buri mairi uye dzimwe nhengo dzemudumbu (dzakadai seura nechiropa) dzichibuda muchipfuva, panenge pasina nzvimbo yakawanda yemapapu. Ipapo mapapu haakwanise kuzvimba uye kukura zvakanaka.
• Omphalocele : Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, dzimwe nhengo dzemwana dzinobuda neparukuvhute, dzakafukidzwa neganda. Izvi zvinogonawo kuchinja kumanikidzwa mukati medumbu remwana uye kukanganisa kukura kwemapapu.
• Kuputika Kwemazamu Nguva Isati Yakwana (PROM) : Kana amniotic sac ikaputika mwana asati aberekwa, inozivikanwa sePROM, huwandu hwemvura hunogona kudzikira uye kukanganisa kukura kwemapapu.
• Chirwere chemapapu chinonzi cystic : Aya mabundu asiri ekenza anotora nzvimbo mumapapu uye anodzivisa kukura kwenhengo dzemapapu dzakajairika.
• Kukura kwemoyo nekuda kwematambudziko emwoyo : Semuenzaniso, kana moyo ukakura nekuda kwezvirwere zvemwoyo zvekuzvarwa nazvo zvakaita se "tricuspid atresia" kana "Ebstein's anomaly", zvinogona kukonzera kumanikidzwa kwemapapu.
• Diaphragm isina kujairika kana kuti isingashande : Diaphragm itsandanyama inokosha kuti mapapu ashande zvakanaka. Kana paine dambudziko nekushanda kwayo, inogonawo kukanganisa kukura kwemapapu.

Zvisinei, dzimwe nguva vanachiremba havakwanise kuwana chikonzero chaicho che "Pulmonary Hypoplasia." Tinoti ipfungwa ye "primary pulmonary hypoplasia ". Izvi zvinoitika muzviitiko zvinenge 10% kusvika 15%.

Ndiani ari panjodzi huru yechirwere ichi?

Mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu panguva yekuzvitakura anogona kuisa mwana ari mudumbu panjodzi yakakura yekushaya simba mumapapu, zvakadai se oligohydramnios uye nguva isati yakwana yekuzvitakura. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

• Utachiona : Utachiona hwepabonde (STIs) kana hutachiona hwebhakitiriya hwakaita sebhakitiriya vaginosis hunogona kukonzera kuti mvura yako ibude nguva isati yakwana.
• Kureba kwemuromo wechibereko kupfupi . Izvi zvinogonawo kukonzera kusununguka nguva isati yakwana uye PROM.
• Kutarisira kubereka vana vakawanda, semapatya kana vatatu . Izvi zvinogona kukonzera matambudziko akadai sekushaya nzvimbo yakakwana mudumbu uye kushoma kwemvura mumuviri.
• Amniocentesis : Iyi bvunzo inoitwa panguva yekuzvitakura. Zvisinei, kashoma, bhegi remvura rinogona kukuvara uye mvura inogona kubuda.
• Kukwira kweropa kana preeclampsia panguva yekuzvitakura. Izvi zvinogona kukanganisa mashandiro eplacenta, kuderedza kudya kwemwana neoxygen, uye zvinogonawo kukonzera kurasikirwa nemvura.
• Chirwere cheshuga : Kana amai vane chirwere cheshuga, chinogonawo kukonzera mamwe matambudziko.
• Kushaya mvura yakakwana mumuviri : Kana amai vakasanwa mvura yakakwana, huwandu hwemvura mu amniotic fluid hunogona kudzikira.

Ndosaka zvichikosha kutevedzera mirairo yachiremba wako nemazvo uye kuenda kumakiriniki nenguva panguva yekuzvitakura. Kuchengetedza hutano hwako kunokanganisa zvakananga hutano hwemwana wako.

Ndezvipi zvimwe zvinetso zvinogona kukonzera izvi?

Kusakura zvakanaka kwemapapu kunogona kukonzera matambudziko kune dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri wemwana. Aya ndiwo matambudziko anogona kuitika nekuda kwe `(Pulmonary Hypoplasia):`

• Kuderera kweokisijeni muropa (hypoxemia) : Iri ndiro dambudziko guru. Rinogona kukuvadza uropi nedzimwe nhengo dzemuviri.
• Kukwira kweropa mumapapu emwana (pulmonary hypertension) : Mitsipa yeropa mumapapu inotetepa, zvichiita kuti mwoyo uwedzere kumanikidzwa.
• Kusasimba kana kukura zvisina kunaka kwetrachea (tracheomalacia) : Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kuti trachea iome kana uchifema.
• Pneumothorax : Mhepo inobuda mumapapu, inoungana yakatenderedza mapapu, uye mapapu anodonha.
• Matambudziko ekufema : Semuenzaniso, bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Izvi zvinogona kuitika gare gare, kunyanya kuvana vacheche vasati vasvika nguva, kana vakabatana nemuchina wekufema.
• Mamwe matambudziko anogona kuitika nekuda kwechirwere chakakonzera pulmonary hypoplasia. Semuenzaniso, matambudziko ekudya, kutadza kunzwa, uye kunonoka kukura kwemwana .

"Unganzwa kutya paunonzwa zvese izvi. Asi yeuka, kuziviswa ndiyo nhanho yakanakisa yekutarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu akadai. Taura navanachiremba vako uye bvunza mibvunzo yese yauinayo."

Vanachiremba vanoongorora sei chirwere ichi?

Kazhinji, chiremba anoongorora chirwere chePulmonary Hypoplasia panguva yekuongororwa kweultrasound panguva yekuzvitakura. Kuongororwa uku kunoyera saizi yemapapu emwana uye denderedzwa rechipfuva. Kuongororwa kweMRI (magnetic resonance imaging) kunogonawo kuitwa kuti kusimbiswe chirwere ichi. MRI inogona kupa mufananidzo wakajeka wehuwandu hwemapapu.

Dzimwe nguva, chiremba anoona chirwere ichi pakuzvarwa kana mazuva mashoma mushure mekuzvarwa. Kana mwana wako achinetseka kufema, chiremba achaita X-ray yechipfuva kuti aone kana mapapu asina kugadzikana kana chimwe chirwere chemapapu. X-ray inogona kuratidza hukuru nemamiriro emapapu.

Ndezvipi zvinorapwa izvi?

Kurapwa kwePulmonary Hypoplasia kunoenderana nechikonzero, kuoma kwechirwere ichi, uye kana chakaonekwa panguva yekuzvitakura kana mushure mekusununguka. Chinangwa chikuru chekurapa ndechekupa mwana okisijeni yaanoda kuti ararame uye kubatsira mapapu ake kukura zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Kana mwana wako akazvarwa aine Pulmonary Hypoplasia, uchafanirwa kumubatsira kufema kusvika mapapu ake akura zvakakwana kuti akwanise kufema ega, kana kusvika vanachiremba vagona kupa mamwe marapirwo.

Heano mamwe emishonga inoshandiswa nachiremba wemadzimai kana neonatologist:

• Kuiswa kweamnioinfusion : Kana paine huwandu hushoma hwemvura yeamniotic panguva yekuzvitakura, nzira iyi inoisa mvura yacho muchibereko nenzira yekugadzira. Izvi zvinogona kubatsira kuderedza kumanikidzwa kwemapapu uye kubatsira kukura.
• Kuvhiyiwa kwemwana asati aberekwa kana kuvhiyiwa mushure mekuzvarwa : Semuenzaniso, kana paine chirwere chinonzi CDH, kuvhiyiwa kunogona kuitwa kuti chigadziriswe. Dzimwe nguva kuvhiyiwa uku kunoitwa mwana achiri mudumbu.
• Kurapa neokisijeni : Okisijeni inopiwa mwana kuburikidza ne cannula yemhino kana mask inoiswa pachiso.
• Kufefetera kwemuchina : Izvi zvinosanganisira kubatanidza mudziyo wekufema nemuchina uye kubatsira kufema nemaoko. Izvi zvinoitwa nekuisa chubhu mupombi yemhepo.
• Kubvisa oxygen mumuviri (ECMO) : Uku kurapa kwakanyatsogadzirwa uye kwakaoma. Muchina unowedzera okisijeni muropa uye unobvisa carbon dioxide uku uchizorora mapapu nemoyo wemwana. Unoshandiswa muzviitiko zvakakomba kana mamwe marapirwo ese akundikana.

Chii chinoitika kana mwana wako akazvarwa aine Pulmonary Hypoplasia?

Kana mwana wako akazvarwa asina kukura zvakanaka, achaongororwa nachiremba wevana vacheche (chiremba anonyanya kubata vana vacheche) pamwe nechikwata chevamwe nyanzvi. Zvichienderana nekuoma kwechirwere uye dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri dzakakanganiswa, chikwata chevanachiremba chinogona kusanganisira:

• Nyanzvi dzeItsvo (Nefrologist)
• Vanachiremba vemapapu (nyanzvi dzekufema)
• Vanachiremba vemwoyo (Cardiothoracic surgeons)
• Nyanzvi dzezvekudya (nyanzvi dzezvekudya)

Vacheche vane ``(Pulmonary Hypoplasia)`` vanowanzo batwa neMuchikamu chevana vanoberekwa (NICU), vacheche vanowana rubatsiro rwakakosha uye vanoongororwa nguva dzose. Vanowanzova nematambudziko emapapu kwenguva refu nezvimwe zvirwere zvehutano. Izvi zvinosanganisira hutachiona hwekufema, zvirwere zvakaita seasthma, uye kunonoka kukura kwemwana. Zvisinei, vamwe vacheche vane Pulmonary Hypoplasia vanogona kunge vasina chirwere chakanyanya sezvavanokura, uye mapapu avo anogona kuramba achikura uye zviratidzo zvavo zvinogona kuvandudzika.

Zvinokwanisika sei kurarama nemamiriro ezvinhu aya?

Ichokwadi kuti vacheche vane mapapu asina kukura zvakanaka vanogona kurarama. Asi mamiriro ezvinhu emunhu wese akasiyana. Kukwanisa kurarama ne `(Pulmonary Hypoplasia)` kunoenderana nezvinhu izvi:

• Kuoma kwechirwere. Kuti mapapu asvika papi.
• Chikonzero chikuru. Chii chinonzi chirwere chakakonzera `(Pulmonary Hypoplasia)` uye chakakomba sei.
• Ingave yakaonekwa panguva yekuzvitakura kana mushure mekusununguka. Kana yakaonekwa nekukurumidza, dzimwe nguva kupindira kwekutanga kunogoneka.
• Pane zvimwe zvinetso here?

Kazhinji, huwandu hwevanhu vanofa nekuda kwePulmonary Hypoplasia hunonzi huri pamusoro pe55%. Kazhinji zvakaoma kurarama nematambudziko akanyanya ePulmonary Hypoplasia. Zvinosuwisa kutaura izvi, asi zvakakosha kuziva chokwadi. Zvisinei, nekufambira mberi kwesainzi yezvekurapa, nzira dzekubatsira vacheche vakadaro dzave nani zvikuru nhasi.

Pane chatingaita here kudzivirira izvi?

Hapana nzira imwe chete yekudzivirira Pulmonary Hypoplasia, sezvo ichiwanzokonzerwa nechimwe chirwere. Zvisinei, nzira yakanakisisa yekuderedza njodzi yezvinetso zvehutano kana mwana wako aberekwa ndeyekutevera zano rachiremba wezvekubereka kuti uve nepamuviri pakanaka. Unogona kuzvitarisira ne:

• Gadzirisa zvirwere zvako zvisingaperi, zvakaita sechirwere cheshuga neBP.
• Enda kuna chiremba wako zuva nezuva panguva yekuzvitakura kwako. Nenzira iyi, kana paine matambudziko, unogona kuaziva nekukurumidza.
• Usasvuta fodya uye usanwa doro zvachose. Izvi zvine mhedzisiro yakaipa pakukura kwemwana.
• Inwa mvura yakawanda. Zvakakosha kunwa marita maviri kusvika matatu emvura pazuva.
• Zvidzivirire kubva kuzvirwere zvepabonde (STIs) nezvimwe zvirwere zvinotapukira.

Kuongororwa nguva dzose nachiremba wezvemadzimai nechiremba wevakadzi kunogona kubatsira kuona matambudziko anogona kuitika nekukurumidza. Dzimwe nguva, vanachiremba vanogona kurapa chikonzero chikuru chePulmonary Hypoplasia panguva yekuzvitakura. Izvi zvinogona kubatsira kudzivirira mwana wako kuberekwa asina kukura zvakanaka kwemapapu.

Pakupedzisira, unofanira kutaura kuti...

Kana mwana wako akazvarwa aine Pulmonary Hypoplasia, chikwata chevanachiremba chichava newe nhanho imwe neimwe. Vachakutsanangurira kuoma kwechirwere chacho, sarudzo dzako dzekurapa, uye ramangwana rako. Usazeza kubvunza chero mibvunzo yaungave nayo kuitira kuti ugone kuita sarudzo dzakangwara nezvekutarisira mwana wako - kana hutano hwako.

"Kana zvichibvira, gadzira boka rako rekutsigirana revanhu vaunovimba navo uye vaunoda. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vanhu vakaita semurume wako, amai, baba, vanun'una vako, neshamwari dzepamwoyo. Rutsigiro rwavo ruchava simba guru rekutarisana nematambudziko anouya kwauri. Zvakakosha zvikuru kuti urambe wakasimba. Usarasa tariro."

Tinovimba kuti ruzivo urwu ruchakubatsira. Yeuka, gara uchibvunza chiremba ane hunyanzvi kuti akupe mazano ekurapa. Chinyorwa chino ndecheruzivo rwese chete.

Kushaya simba kwemapapu , kusakura zvakanaka kwemapapu, vana vachangoberekwa, kutadza kufema, matambudziko ekuzvarwa nawo, NICU, hutano hwevacheche, matambudziko epamuviri