Unoziva here nezveSickle Cell Anemia? Ngatikurukurei nezvazvo!

Wakambonzwa nezvezita rekuti 'Sickle Cell Anemia' here? Pamwe zita iri rinonzwika serisinganzwisisike, kana kuti rinotyisa zvishoma. Asi chirwere chemajini chine chekuita neropa redu. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, zvinoitika apa ndezvekuti masero edu matsvuku eropa, kureva masero matsvuku ari muropa, anochinja chimiro. Sejeko (ndosaka richinzi 'jeko'). Kuchinja uku kunogona kukonzera matambudziko akasiyana-siyana ehutano. Saka, totaura nezvazvo zvakadzama here nhasi?

Chii chinonzi Sickle Cell Anemia? Chii chaizvo chinoitika?

Chirwere cheSickle cell anemia ndicho chinonzi nanachiremba chirwere chakanyanya kuipa cheboka guru rinonzi 'Sickle Cell Disease'. Ichi chirwere chekuzvarwa nacho, kureva kuti, chirwere cheropa chinogarwa nhaka . Chikonzero chikuru cheizvi ikuchinja kwemajini. Nekuda kwekuchinja kwemajini uku, masero matsvuku eropa anogadzirwa mumuviri wedu haawanzo kutenderera, asi anokotama uye anotambanudzwa sejeko (muchimiro chebhii C). Vanachiremba vanodanawo aya "masero ejeko".

Zvino tarisai, masero edu matsvuku eropa akajairwa akatenderera uye anochinjika, saka anogona kufamba zviri nyore nemutsinga dzedu dzeropa dzakapfava uye kutakura okisijeni kunhengo dzese dzemuviri, nhengo dzese, uye nhengo dzese dzemuviri. Asi masero matsvuku aya akaita sejeko akaomarara uye anonamira . Saka haafambi nyore nyore nemutsinga dzeropa, asi anowanzo namatira munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Sekunge mota dziri mumugwagwa. Chimwe chinhu ndechekuti, masero aya 'ane jeko' anoputsika uye anofa nekukurumidza kupfuura masero matsvuku eropa akajairwa. Nekuda kweizvi zvese, huwandu hwemasero matsvuku eropa ane hutano mumuviri wako hunoderera, zvichikonzera anemia yakanyanya. Kureva, kushomeka kweropa.

Kare, vacheche vanozvarwa nechirwere ichi vaiva nemukana mudiki kwazvo wekurarama kusvika vakura. Zvisinei, nekufambira mberi mune zvokurapa, kuonekwa nekukurumidza, uye kurapwa kutsva , izvi zvachinja zvikuru. Vanhu vazhinji vava kurarama kusvika vava nemakore makumi mashanu kana kupfuura.

Chirwere ichi chakajairika zvakadii muSri Lanka? Ndiani ane mukana wekuwana chirwere ichi?

Zvakaoma kuwana nhamba dzechirwere ichi muSri Lanka. Asi kana ukatarisa pasi rose, chirwere ichi chinonyanya kuwanikwa muvanhu vanobva kuAfrica, Southern Europe, Middle East kana Asian Indian. Izvi zvinoreva kuti pane hukama pakati pemajini.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zve sickle cell anemia?

Zviratidzo zvechirwere ichi zvinogona kusiyana kubva kumunhu kuenda kumunhu, asi pane zvimwe zviratidzo zvakajairika:

• Kuneta kunokonzerwa nekushaya ropa: Kana chirwere ichi chikaitika kuvana vadiki, vanogona kuchema nguva nenguva, kunzwa kusanzwa zvakanaka, uye kuramba kuyamwisa.
• Kutapukirwa kwakajairika:Chirwere ichi chinokuvadza chiropa chedu. Chiropa chikamu chakakosha chemuviri wedu wekudzivirira chirwere. Saka kana chisina simba, pane mukana mukuru wekuwana zvirwere nehutachiona. Zvisinei, nekuda kwemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya nemishonga yekudzivirira zvirwere iripo iye zvino, njodzi iyi yakaderedzwa zvakanyanya.
• Marwadzo: Ichi chimwe chezviratidzo zvinowanzoonekwa uye zvisingafadzi zvechirwere ichi. Nyama dzemuviri hadzisi kuwana okisijeni yakakwana, izvo zvinokonzera kukuvara kwenyama. Kukuvadzwa uku ndiko kunokonzera marwadzo. Nzvimbo dzinowanzoonekwa dzemarwadzo maoko, makumbo, chipfuva, nemusana. Dzimwe nguva zvinogona kutanga nekurwadziwa kudiki uye zvishoma nezvishoma zvichiwedzera, kana kuti zvinogona kungoerekana zvava marwadzo asingatsungiririki.
• Kuzvimba kunorwadza mumaoko netsoka: Ichi ndicho chimwe chezviratidzo zvekutanga zve sickle cell anemia mumwana. Kuzvimba uku kunoitika nekuti masero matsvuku eropa akaita se sickle anonamira mutsinga dzeropa dzakapfava dziri mumaoko netsoka dzemwana, zvichivharira kufamba kweropa.
• Maziso neganda zvine ruvara rweyero zvichibva pajaundice: Chiropa chedu ndicho chinoita kuti masero matsvuku eropa asefe. Muchirwere chesickle cell anemia, chinhu chinonzi bilirubin, chinoburitswa kubva mumasero esickle anofa nekukurumidza, chinoungana mumuviri, zvichikonzera jaundice.

Zviratidzo izvi zvinowanzotanga kuonekwa mwana paanenge ava nemwedzi mitanhatu kusvika mipfumbamwe . Nekufamba kwenguva, sezvo huwandu hwemasero asina kujairika (anokuvadza) mumuviri huchiwedzera, zviratidzo zvinogona kuchinja uye kuwedzera zvakanyanya.

Sei chirwere chesickle cell anemia chichikura? Chii chinokonzera izvi?

Kushaya simba kwemasero eropa (sickle cell anemia) kunokonzerwa nekuchinja kwemajini mumajini edu. Kunyanya, kune jini rinonzi HBB gene. Jini iri rinotirayira kugadzira puroteni inonzi beta-globin, iyo iri chikamu chehemoglobin yedu. Hemoglobin, sezvamunoziva, ndiyo inonyanya kukosha inobatsira masero edu matsvuku eropa kutakura okisijeni.

Saka, kuti uwane chirwere che sickle cell anemia, unofanirwa kugara nhaka gene rakachinja kubva kuna amai vako nababa vako . Dzimwe nguva, kana ukagara nhaka majini maviri akachinja kubva kuvabereki vako vese, unogona kutanga mamwe marudzi, angangove asina kunyanya kuoma, echirwere che sickle cell. Vanachiremba vanodana izvi kuti 'variant genetic mutations'.

Ndezvipi zvinetso zvinogona kuitika nekuda kwechirwere ichi?

Kushaya simba kwemasero eropa (sickle cell anemia) kunogona kukonzera matambudziko akakomba, dzimwe nguva anotyisidzira hupenyu . Semuenzaniso, vanhu vane chirwere ichi vanowanzoda rubatsiro rwekurapa nekukurumidza uye kugara muchipatara, kunyanya kune zvirwere zvinonzi acute chest syndrome (ACS) uye vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC).

Kune mamwe matambudziko:

• Chirwere cheitsvo chisingaperi: Chirwere ichi chinogona kuitika kana itsvo dzikasawana okisijeni yakakwana, zvichikonzera kukuvara kwenyama.
• Maziso asina kusimba: Izvi zvinogona kuitika kana masero eropa akavhara tsinga dzeropa muziso.
• Kuoma kwenhengo yemurume (Priapism): Kurwadziwa kwekumira: Chirwere chinokonzerwa nekuvharika kwetsinga dzeropa munhengo yemurume.
• Kubviswa kwemasero eropa: Kana masero eropa akavharirwa muropa reropa ovharira kufamba kweropa, izvi zvinogona kukonzera kupererwa neropa kwakanyanya.
• Kurohwa neSickle Cell: Munhu wese ane sickle cell anemia, kunyangwe vana vadiki (pediatric stroke ), ari panjodzi.

Chii chinonzi Acute Chest Syndrome (ACS)?

Iri ndiro dambudziko rinowanzoitika re sickle cell anemia. Ndiyo zvakare inonyanya kukonzera rufu uye yechipiri inonyanya kukonzera kugara muchipatara. Izvi zvinoitika kana sickle cells dzakabatana dzovhara mitsipa yeropa mumapapu. Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira:

• Kurwadziwa kwechipfuva kamwe kamwe.
• Kukosora.
• Kupindwa nechando.
• Kutadza kufema zvakanaka.

Chii chinonzi Vaso-occlusive Crisis (VOC)?

Apa ndipo apo masero etsinga anovhara mitsipa yeropa. Vanachiremba vanotiwo izvi "dambudziko rekurwadziwa kwakanyanya." MuVOC, kurwadziwa kusingatsungiririki kunogona kuitika mumaoko, makumbo, pasi pemusana, uye mudumbu.

Dzimwe nguva vanachiremba vanoti maVOCs "chirwere chisingaoneki." Nekuti, kazhinji, chiratidzo chega kurwadziwa. Hapana chiratidzo chekukuvara kana chimwe chirwere. Zvinongorwadza chete.

Mushonga mukuru wekurwadziwa uku kwakanyanya imishonga inouraya marwadzo inonzi opioid. Zvisinei, zvimwe zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti kudiwa kwe opioid uku kunogona kutungamira mukuparadzaniswa nevanhu vane sickle cell anemia, izvo zvinogona kutungamira mukuora mwoyo nekuzvidya mwoyo. Iri rimwe dambudziko rekutarisana naro paunenge uchirarama nechirwere ichi.

Chirwere ichi chinoonekwa sei? (Kuongororwa)

Vanachiremba vanoongorora chirwere chesickle cell anemia nekutanga vakuongorora. Vanogona kunzwa chiropa chako kana kuti pleen. Vachakubvunza nezvezviratidzo zvako, kunyanya kurwadziwa mumaoko ako nemakumbo, uye nezvedumbu rako. Vachakubvunzawo nezvezvirwere zvako zvekare uye kana wakambova nezvirwere. Zvadaro vanogona kuita bvunzo dzakadai se:

• Kuverengwa Kweropa Rakakwana (CBC): Izvi zvinosanganisira bvunzo dzakawanda dzinonyatsotarisa masero matsvuku eropa rako.
• Hemoglobin electrophoresis: Inonziwo high-performance liquid chromatography, bvunzo iyi inoongorora hemoglobin yako kuti ione uye ione rudzi rusina kujairika rwehemoglobin inokonzera sickle cell anemia.
• Kuongororwa kwemajini: Chiremba wako anogona kuraira bvunzo idzi kuti aone kana uine shanduko dzemajini dzinokonzera sickle cell anemia.

Mishonga yeizvi ndeipi? Inogona kurapwa here?

Kurapwa kwe sickle cell anemia kunoenderana nezviratidzo zvako uye hutano hwako hwese. Semuenzaniso, kana uine matambudziko akakomba akadai se acute chest syndrome, kurwadziwa kwakanyanya kunowanzoitika, kana uine chirwere chakadai sekuoma nhengo dzemuviri, chiremba wako anogona kukurudzira kuti uisirwe allogeneic stem cell transplant. Iyi ndiyo nzira chete yekurapa zvakakwana sickle cell anemia .

Mamwe marapirwo ndeaya:

• Kuwedzerwa ropa.
• Mishonga inorwisa utachiona.
• Mishonga inoderedza zviratidzo chaizvo. Mimwe yacho ndeiyi:
• Hydroxyurea: Uyu mushonga wekurapa kenza. Unoshandiswa kuvacheche vari pakati pemwedzi 6-9, vana, nevakuru. Unogona kuderedza kuwanda kwematambudziko akakomba uye kuderedza zviratidzo zvekushaya ropa.
• Voxelotor: Izvi zvinodzivirira masero matsvuku eropa kuti asashanduke kuita masero e sickle. Inopiwa kuvana vane makore anopfuura mana ekuberekwa.
• Kurapa neL-glutamine: Mushonga uyu, unopiwa vana vane makore anopfuura mashanu nevakuru, unodzivisa masero etsinga kuti asanyanya kuipa.
• Crizanlizumab-tmca: Izvi zvinoderedza kuwanda kweVOC/kurwadziwa kwakanyanya. Inopiwa kuvanhu vane makore anopfuura gumi nematanhatu ekuberekwa.

Hupenyu hwangu huchava hwakaita sei kana ndiine chirwere che sickle cell anemia?

Kune vanhu vazhinji, chirwere chesickle cell anemia chirwere chisingaperi . Izvi zvinoreva kuti uchada rubatsiro rwechiremba muhupenyu hwako hwese. Zviratidzo zvinogona kuva zvishoma kune vamwe, zvine mwero kune vamwe, uye zvakakomba zvekuti zvinogona kuisa hupenyu hwevamwe pangozi. Mamiriro emunhu wese akasiyana. Saka taura nachiremba wako nezvezvaunotarisira. Iye anoziva hutano hwako zvakanyanya uye kuti chirwere ichi chichakukanganisa sei.

Dambudziko iri rinowedzera kuipa sezvaunokura here?

Ehe, sezvatinokura, mamwe matambudziko ehutano akakomba anogona kumuka nekuda kwekusakwana kweoxygen munhengo dzemuviri nedzemuviri. Vanhu vane sickle cell anemia vari panjodzi yakakura yekuoma mitezo, kukuvara kwemapapu, itsvo, spleen, uye chiropa.

Avhareji yehupenyu hwemunhu ane chirwere ichi ndeyei?

Zvinhu zvava nani kupfuura kare. Nekuwanikwa nekukurumidza uye kurapwa kuderedza matambudziko , vanhu vane sickle cell anemia vanogona kurarama kusvika pamakore ekuma50. Vamwe vanhu vanorarama kwenguva yakareba. Kana uine mibvunzo nezveizvi, taura nachiremba wako. Iye anogona kukutsanangurira.

Pane nzira yekudzivirira chirwere ichi kuti chisaitike here?

Chirwere cheSickle cell anemia chirwere chinogara nhaka, saka hachigone kudzivirirwa.Zvisinei, unogona kuongororwa ropa kuti uone kana uine chirwere chemumajini chinokonzera sickle cell anemia. Munyika dzakawanda dzakabudirira, mwana wese anoongororwa chirwere ichi pakuzvarwa. Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuongorora chirwere ichi nekukurumidza uye kutanga kurapwa .

Ndingararama sei zvakanaka nechirwere ichi? (Kuzvitarisira)

Mishonga mitsva yabatsira vanhu vane sickle cell anemia kurarama hupenyu huri nani. Kana uine chirwere ichi, funga nezvezvinhu izvi:

• Tsvaga rubatsiro rwechiremba rwenyanzvi: Zvakakosha kutsvaga rubatsiro kubva kuchikwata chevanachiremba veropa.
• Wana nguva yekuongororwa nachiremba: Kuramba uine hukama hwakanaka nachiremba wemhuri yako uye kuenda kunoongororwa nguva dzose kunogona kubatsira kudzivirira matambudziko akakomba.
• Funga nezvekugadzirisa marwadzo: Marwadzo chinhu chinowanzoitika pachirwere ichi. Tsvaga mazano kubva kuna chiremba wekugadzirisa marwadzo.
• Wana rubatsiro rwehutano hwepfungwa: Dzimwe nguva chirwere ichi chinogona kukonzera kunzwa kwekusurukirwa, kuora mwoyo, uye kuzvidya mwoyo. Kana uchinzwa seizvi, taura nachiremba.
• Zvidzivirire kubva kuzvirwere: Taura nachiremba wako nezvekubayiwa majekiseni. Tora matanho ekuzvidzivirira kubva kuzvirwere.
• Ngwarira nharaunda yako: Zvakakosha kuti vanhu vane sickle cell anemia vagare vachidziya muviri zvakanaka. Usapinda munzvimbo dzinopisa zvakanyanya uye dzinotonhora zvakanyanya.
• Ongorora miedzo yekiriniki: Vanachiremba nevaongorori vanogara vachiyedza mishonga mitsva. Ungave nemukana wekubatanidzwa mune imwe.

Ndinofanira kuona chiremba rini?

Kana uchinzwa sekuti zviratidzo zvako zviri kuwedzera kuipa, kana kuti ukava nezviratidzo zvitsva, enda kuna chiremba nekukasika .

Ndeipi nguva yaunofanira kuenda kuEmergency Room?

Kushaya simba kwemasero eropa (sickle cell anemia) kunogona kukonzera matambudziko akakomba ehutano. Enda kuchipatara nekukurumidza kana uine chimwe chezviratidzo izvi:

• Zviratidzo zvekushaya ropa (kuneta zvakanyanya, kufema zvishoma, kurova kwemoyo kusina kurongeka).
• Fivha inokwira kupfuura 38.5 degrees Celsius (101.3 Fahrenheit).
• Kurwadziwa kwechipfuva.
• Kukosora.

Dambudziko iri rinowedzerawo njodzi yekurohwa nestroke. Kubatwa nestroke idambudziko rehutano . Kana uine zviratidzo zvinotevera, enda kuchipatara nekukasika:

• Matambudziko ekuenzanisa muviri kana kushanda pamwe chete.
• Kuona kusina kujeka kana kuona kaviri.
• Kuvhiringidzika.
• Kushaya simba kana kuti kusanzwa zvakanaka kune rumwe rutivi rwemuviri.
• Kutadza kutaura (kukambaira).

Pakupedzisira, zvinhu zvishoma zvekurangarira

Chirwere cheSickle cell anemia chinonetsa zvikuru. Makore apfuura, vacheche vanozvarwa nechirwere ichi vaive netariro shoma kwazvo yekupona. Asi,Tsvakurudzo yezvekurapa yafambira mberi zvikuru mumakore gumi apfuura kana kupfuura, saka vanhu vazhinji vava kukwanisa kubata chirwere ichi chisingaperi uye kurarama hupenyu hwakanaka.

Kana iwe kana mwana wako muine chirwere ichi, muchifara nekufambira mberi kwamakaita munguva yakapfuura, iva netariro nezveramangwana. Vatsvagurudzi vanogara vachiedza kutsvaga mishonga mitsva yechirwere ichi. Taura nachiremba wako uye ziva nezvemiedzo mitsva yekiriniki. Usambofa wakarasa tariro . Zvakakosha kutevedzera mazano ekurapa akakodzera uye kuva nemafungiro akanaka.

Kushaya simba kwemasero eSickle , kushayiwa simba kweropa, zvirwere zvenhaka, zvirwere zveropa, kushanduka kwemajini, hemoglobin, mazano ehutano