Pamwe wakambonzwa kubva kuna sekuru vako nezve "chirwere chikuru" chekare. Ndiyo smallpox. Vanhu vaitya smallpox kare ikako zvekuti vaifunga kuti chiratidzo cherufu. Asi tine rombo rakanaka nhasi, nekuti chirwere ichi chakaipa hachichipo panyika. Saka ngatitaurei nhasi kuti smallpox chii, kuti yakabviswa sei, uye nei zvichikosha kuziva nezvayo.
Chii chaizvo chinonzi smallpox?
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, smallpox chirwere chakakomba uye chinotapukira chakapararira pasi rose makore mazhinji apfuura. Kana chikaitika, chinoita kuti maronda akazara nemvura, azere nemapundu, akaomarara, akaita sematombo (pustules) aoneke mumuviri wese. Mushure mekunge maronda aya aoma, mavanga akadzika anoramba aripo kweupenyu hwese. Kwete izvozvo chete, asi munhu mumwe chete pavanhu vatatu vakabatwa nechirwere ichi akafa . Fungidzira kuti zvakanga zvakaipa sei. Mamiriyoni evanhu akafa nechirwere ichi.
Zvisinei, kubvira kuma1960, World Health Organization (WHO) yave ichishanda nenyika dzese pasi rose kubvisa chirwere ichi. Kuburikidza nekubaiwa majekiseni nekudzivirira chirwere ichi, basa guru iri rakabudirira. Muna 1980, zvakaziviswa zviri pamutemo kuti smallpox yakanga yabviswa zvachose pasi rose . Nyaya yekupedzisira yechirwere ichi yakataurwa muna 1977.
Saka ikozvino smallpox haichawanikwe chero kupi zvako pasi rose?
Kwete. Chibhokisi hachichapararire muvanhu. Hapana kana nyaya imwe chete yechirwere chebhokisi yakashumwa pasi rose kwemakore anopfuura makumi mana nemashanu.
Ichi chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvaitwa munhoroondo yezvekurapa nehutano hwevanhu. Zvinoshamisa zvechokwadi kuti vanhu vakabatana, vakashanda pamwe chete, uye vakabvisa chirwere chinouraya pasi rose.
Zvisinei, mienzaniso yehutachiona hunokonzera smallpox, virus yeVariola, yakachengetwa yakachengetedzwa zvakanyanya mumarabhoritari maviri muUnited States neRussia nekuda kwekutsvaga chete.
Takakunda sei chirwere ichi chinotyisa?
Chirwere chesmallpox chakabviswa nekuda kwezvinhu zvakati wandei. Izvi zvakakosha kuti uzvinzwisise.
- Vanhu chete ndivo vaibata chirwere ichi: Chirwere ichi chaibata vanhu chete. Hachina kutapuriranwa nedzimwe nzira, dzakadai semhuka kana umhutu. Saka, chirwere ichi chaiva nyore kudzora.
- Zviri nyore kuziva: Munhu wese aibatwa nechirwere chesmallpox airatidza zviratidzo. Kunyanya nekuda kwemapundu aionekwa, zvaive nyore kuziva munhu aive nechirwere ichi. Pakanga pasina vanhu vasina zviratidzo vaisaziva kuti vane chirwere ichi uye vaigona kuchiparadzira kune vamwe.
- Paridza zvishoma nezvishoma:Chirwere ichi chakatanga kupararira murwere paakanga achirwara zvakanyanya uye asingakwanise kufamba-famba. Nokudaro, chirwere ichi chinowanzo pararira chete kuburikidza nekubatana kwepedyo, sevanhu vanogara mumba imwe chete.
- Nzira ye "Ring Baccination": Nekuti chirwere ichi chaipararira kune vanhu vakabatana chete, vakuru vehutano vakakwanisa kukurumidza kuwana munhu wese akasangana nemurwere (nhengo dzemhuri, vavakidzani) uye kuvabaya nhomba. Izvi zvainzi "ring baccination." Izvi zvakamisa chirwere ichi kuti chisapararire kunze kwenzvimbo iyoyo.
- Dziviriro yemuviri yagara iripo: Nekuti chirwere ichi chakanga chavapo kwezviuru zvemakore, vamwe vanhu vakanga vatopora kubva muchirwere ichi uye vakava nedziviriro yemuviri. Nokudaro, vanhu vashoma vaida kubaiwa majekiseni kuti chirwere ichi chisapararire.
Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvechibhokisi?
Zviratidzo zvechibhokisi zvinoonekwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana. Zvakakosha kuziva izvi nemazvo.
| Chiratidzo | Tsananguro |
|---|---|
| Hunhu hwekutanga | Zvinotora mazuva maviri kusvika mana. Zvinokonzera fivha yakanyanya, musoro wakakomba, kurwadziwa nemusana, kurwadziwa mudumbu, kuneta zvakanyanya uye kushaya simba, uye kurutsa. |
| Mapundu | Inotanga mumuromo nemuchiso, yozopararira mumuviri wese. |
| Mapundu uye kuvirisa | Mavara matsvuku ekutanga anoshanduka kuita maronda, obva ava maronda akaomarara, ane mapundu (pustules). Aya anozadzwa nemapundu. |
Zviratidzo zvekutanga, zvakaita sefivha nemusoro, zvinogara kwemazuva maviri kusvika matatu. Fivha inogona kuramba ichienderera mberi kunyangwe mapundu abuda. Mapundu anopindawo muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana.
Matanho ekukura kweganda
Chirwere chesmallpox chirwere chakasiyana zvachose. Ngatitarisei matanho acho.
| Danho | Chii chiri kuitika? |
|---|---|
| 1. Mapundu Ekutanga | Mushure mezviratidzo zvekutanga, mavanga matsvuku anoonekwa parurimi, mukati memuromo, uye pahuro. Aya anova maronda nemaronda. Apa ndipo panonyanya kutapuriranwa chirwere ichi. |
| 2. Kuparadzira Mapundu | Kana maronda abuda mumuromo, mapundu anopararira kumeso, obva asvika mumaoko, makumbo, chipfuva, nemusana. Mukati mezuva rimwe chete, muviri wese, kusanganisira zvanza netsoka, unenge wazara mapundu. |
| 3. Mapundu | Mapundu ari paganda anotanga kuzara nemvura yakakora (pus). Mushure memazuva maviri, mapundu aya anobuda mvura yakawanda. Mapundu aya akatenderera uye akaomarara. |
| 4. Makwapa | Mumazuva gumi anotevera, mavanga ane makwapa anoumbwa pamapundu anozvimba. |
| 5. Kubviswa kwemagoko | Mushure meinenge vhiki, mavanga aya anodonha rimwe nerimwe, asi anosiya mavanga akadzika, ehupenyu hwese paaive. |
Kwaiva nemarudzi akasiyana echirwere chesmallpox here?
Ehe, kwaive nemhando dzakasiyana dzechirwere chesmallpox, imwe neimwe ine hukasha hwakasiyana.
- Chirwere chesmallpox: Ichi ndicho chaive chirwere chakajairika. Vanenge 85% yevarwere vaive nerudzi urwu. Zviratidzo zvese zvatakurukura pamusoro apa ndezverudzi urwu. Munhu mumwe chete pavanhu vatatu vakarwara nacho akafa.
- Mhando yesmallpox yakagadziriswa: Rudzi urwu rwakataurwa nezvarwo mune vamwe vanhu vakambopiwa mushonga wesmallpox. Zviratidzo zvacho zvakafanana nezvesmallpox yenguva dzose, asi mapundu acho haana kunyanya kuoma uye chirwere ichi chinopera nekukurumidza. Huwandu hwevanhu vanofa nerudzi urwu hwakaderera.
- Nhomba yerudzi rwakati sandara:Rudzi urwu rwakanyanya kuoma. Zviratidzo zvekutanga zvakanyanya. Maronda haaome kana kuzadzwa nemapundu. Asi, anobatana uye anoumba mapundu akati sandara, akapfava. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kuvana. Kana rudzi urwu rukaitika, rufu runenge rwava pedyo.
- Chirwere chesmallpox chinobuda ropa: Chirwere ichi chakanyanya kuipa, chinowanzoonekwa nevakadzi vane pamuviri. Zviratidzo zvekutanga zvakanyanya. Maronda haaputi, asi ropa rinotanga kubuda pasi peganda. Izvi zvinoita kuti ganda riite dema uye riite serakatsva. Nhengo dzemukati dzinogonawo kubuda ropa. Rudzi urwu runogona kukonzera rufu.
Ngatitaurei zvishoma nezve mushonga wekudzivirira chirwere chesmallpox.
Mushonga wekudzivirira chirwere chesmallpox inhanho inokosha zvikuru munhoroondo yezvekurapa.
Mushonga wekutanga wekudzivirira chirwere pasi rose wakagadzirwa waive we smallpox.
Mukupera kwezana remakore rechi18, chiremba ainzi Edward Jenner akaona kuti vakadzi vaikama mombe dzine cowpox vaisava nechirwere chinouraya chesmallpox. Cowpox chirwere chisina kunyanya kuipa, asi hachiurayi, chinokanganisa vanhu.
Akaedza izvi ndokuzvisimbisa. Sezvo hutachiona hwecowpox nehutachiona hwesmallpox zvakafanana zvikuru, masoja ekudzivirira chirwere anokonzerwa nemuviri paanobatwa necowpox anodzivirirawo hutachiona hwesmallpox. Saka akapa munhu ane hutano mvura inotorwa kubva mubhurugwa remurwere ane cowpox, uye munhu iyeye akadzivirirwa kubva kusmallpox. Izwi rekuti "mushonga" rinobva pashoko rechiLatini rekuti "Vacca", rinoreva "mombe".
Vanga rekudzivirira chirwere chesmallpox
Wakamboona vanga rakatenderera, diki, rakasimudzwa paruoko rwaambuya vako kana rwasekuru vako here? Ndiro vanga rinoitika mushure mekunge mushonga we smallpox wapihwa. Kusiyana nedzimwe nhomba, mushonga we smallpox unopiwa nekubaya ganda netsono ine muromo wakatsemuka. Ronda diki rinovapo ipapo, blister inovapo, uye vanga rinosara kana rapora. Mushure megore ra1972, mushonga uyu wakamiswawo muSri Lanka.
Musiyano uripo pakati pechikwekwe, chicken pox neMpox ndeupi?
Ichi chinhu chinovhiringidza vanhu vazhinji.
- Chikwekwe: Ichi chirwere chinouraya chinokonzerwa nehutachiona hweVariola, icho chabviswa zvachose pasi rose.
- Mpox (yaimbonzi Monkeypox): Iyi iboka remavhairasi akafanana nesmallpox, anonzi Orthopoxvirus. Kunyange zvazvo zviratidzo zvacho zvakafanana nesmallpox, Mpox haina kunyanyisa sesmallpox.
- Chickenpox: Ichi chirwere chinokonzerwa nehutachiona hwakasiyana zvachose (hutachiona hwe`Varicella-zoster`). Pasinei ne "pox" muzita rayo, haina chekuita nesmallpox. Maronda echickenpox haawanzo siya mavanga (kunze kwekunge akakwenywa).
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Chirwere chesmallpox chirwere chakakomba, chinotapuriranwa chakauraya mamiriyoni evanhu kare.
- Chirwere ichi chakabviswa zvachose pasi rose muna 1980 , nekuda kwechirongwa chikuru chekubaya majekiseni chakatangwa pasi pehutungamiriri hweWorld Health Organization.
- Izvi zvinoonekwa sechimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvakaitwa pahutano hwevanhu munhoroondo yevanhu.
- Nhasi, smallpox haingoitiki yoga chero kupi zvako pasi rose, saka hapana chikonzero chekuitya zvisina kufanira.
- Kubudirira kwekubvisa chirwere chesmallpox kunotidzidzisa kuti kunyange zvirwere zvinoparadza zvikuru zvinogona kukundwa kuburikidza nesainzi, kuzvipira, uye kushandira pamwe kwenyika dzese.
💬 Comments (0)
Hapana zvakataurwa parizvino. Isa mhinduro yako pano kekutanga.
Wedzera zvaunofunga