Tose takambonzwa izwi rekuti "heart attack", handiti? Pamwe mumwe wemhuri yedu kana shamwari akambova nayo. Asi waiziva here kuti kune mhando dzakasiyana dzeheart attack? Nhasi tichataura nezverudzi rwakakomba uye runoda kurapwa nekukasika. Vanachiremba vanodana izvi kuti STEMI. Musazvidya mwoyo, ngatitaurei nezvazvo zviri nyore.
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Check the risk of developing a heart disease within the next 10 years with the Framingham Score
Sei ichinzi STEMI? Zvinorevei?
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chirwere chemwoyo chinoitika kana tsinga dzinoendesa ropa kumoyo dzikavharika, zvichiita kuti ropa risaenderere kutsandanyama dzemwoyo. Mukurapa, izvi zvinonzi Myocardial Infarction''.
Iye zvino ngationei kuti zita rekuti STEMI rinobuda sei. Pamwe wakaona ECG ichitorwa kuchipatara. Iyoyo bvunzo inoongorora mashandiro emagetsi emwoyo. Muizvi, kurova kwemoyo kunoratidzwa segirafu yemutsara. Zvakafanana nemutsetse wakatenderera, segomo kana mukwidza.
Kune chikamu chakakosha cheECG iyi, chinonzi ST-segment''. Mumunhu ane hutano, chikamu ichi chinowanzova chakati sandara. Zvisinei, kana tsinga huru inopa ropa kumoyo yavharika zvachose, ndiko kuti, kana chirwere chemwoyo chakakomba chikaitika, chikamu ichi cheST chinokwira kumusoro. Segomo diki.
Izvi zvinonzi ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction nekuti chikamu cheST paECG chakakwira. Chidimbu chayo chinonzi STEMI .
Kuchinja uku kweECG chiratidzo chakakosha zvikuru kuvanachiremba, nekuti zvinoreva kuti chikamu chikuru chemwoyo hachisi kuwana ropa rakakwana, uye chikamu ichocho chemwoyo chiri kufa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kurapwa kunofanira kutanga nekukasika, pasina kunonoka kunyange miniti .
STEMI inoitika sei? Chii chinoitika mumuviri?
Kazhinji, izvi zvinokonzerwa neplaque, kuunganidzwa kwemafuta necholesterol mutsinga dzeropa dzemwoyo (coronary arteries). Funga nezvazvo sengura inoumba mupombi yemvura.
Mapundu aya anokura zvishoma nezvishoma. Rimwe zuva, rimwe remapundu aya rinogona kuputika kamwe kamwe. Ipapo muviri wedu unofunga kuti pane kukuvara ipapo. Saka rinoita ganda reropa kuti ripore kukuvara ikoko. Asi ganda iri reropa rinokura kamwe kamwe uye rinovhara tsinga iyoyo zvachose.
Ndipo panotanga dambudziko chairo.
1. Kana tsinga yeropa yavharika zvachose, masero emhasuru dzemwoyo anogamuchira ropa kubva mairi anoshaikwa okisijeni. Tinodaidza chirwere ichi kuti (ischemia).
2. Pasina okisijeni, zvidimbu izvi zvenyama zvinotanga kufa zvishoma nezvishoma.
3. Kana chikamu chikuru chemwoyo chikakundikana nenzira iyi, mwoyo haugone kupomba ropa rakakwana mumuviri. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera chirwere chinouraya chinonzi cardiogenic shock.
4. Uyewo, tsandanyama dzemwoyo dzakakuvara dzinogona kukanganisa mashandiro emagetsi emwoyo, zvichiita kuti mwoyo umire kurova kamwe kamwe (cardiac arrest).
STEMI inowanzova chirwere chemwoyo chakakomba. Ndosaka zvichikosha kuenda kuchipatara kana zviratidzo zvatanga. Kana ukakwanisa kuvhura tsinga yakavharika nekukurumidza wodzorera ropa, unogona kuderedza zvikuru kukuvara kwemoyo.
Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati peSTEMI neNSTEMI?
Ungave wakambonzwawo nezveNSTEMI. Pane misiyano mikuru pakati pezviviri izvi.
| Hunhu | STEMI (rudzi rwakakomba) | NSTEMI (rudzi rusina kunyanya kuoma) |
|---|---|---|
| Kuvharika kwetsinga dzeropa | Kuyerera kweropa kwamira zvachose. | Chikamu chayo chete ndicho chakavharwa. Kuyerera kweropa kuchiri kuitika. |
| Kuchinja kweECG | Chikamu cheST chakakwirira zviri pachena (ST-Elevation). | Kukwidziridzwa kwechikamu cheST hakupo. Dzimwe shanduko diki dzinogona kuonekwa. |
| Kukuvara kwemoyo | Kazhinji kukuvara kwakawanda kunoitika. | Kukuvadzwa kwacho kwakaderera. |
| Kuzivikanwa | Inogona kuonekwa pakarepo neECG. | Kuti ionekwe, bvunzo inodiwa inotsvaga enzyme inonzi Troponin muropa. |
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Zvinhu zvinokonzera kurwara nemoyo zvinogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zviviri: zvatinogona kudzora uye izvo zvatisingakwanise.
| Zvinhu zvine njodzi zvatinogona kugadzirisa | Zvinhu zvine njodzi zvatisingakwanise kuchinja |
|---|---|
| 🚬 Kusvuta: Uyu ndiye muvengi mukuru. | 👴 Zera: Njodzi inowedzera nekukura. |
| 🍔 Cholesterol yakakwira: Zvikafu zvine mafuta akawanda nemafuta akawanda. | 👨👩👧 Nhoroondo yemhuri: Vabereki, vanun'una nevanun'una vane chirwere chemwoyo vachiri vadiki. |
| 🩺 Kukwira kweropa: Kusadzorwa. | 🧍♂️ Murume kana Mukadzi: Varume vanowanzova panjodzi huru vachiri vadiki. Vakadzi vanowanzova panjodzi huru mushure mekuguma kuenda kumwedzi. |
| 🍬 Chirwere cheshuga: Kusadzora huwandu hweshuga muropa. | 🧬 Zvikonzero zvemajini: Mamwe matambudziko anowanikwa pakuzvarwa. |
| ⚖️ Kufuta zvakanyanya uye dumbu rakabuda. | |
| 🏃 Kusaita maekisesaizi uye mararamiro ekugara pasi. | |
| 😥 Kushushikana zvakanyanya. |
Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvinogona kuonekwa?
Zviratidzo zvechirwere chemwoyo hazvifanani kune wese munhu, asi zviratidzo zvakajairika ndeizvi:
- Kurwadziwa pachipfuva kana kusagadzikana: Ichi ndicho chiratidzo chikuru. Chinogona kunzwa sekunge chinhu chakaoma, chinorema, kana kuti chinomanikidza pakati pechipfuva. Kurwadziwa uku kunogona kugara kwemaminitsi anopfuura mashoma.
- Marwadzo anopararira kune dzimwe nzvimbo: Marwadzo echipfuva anogona kupararira kuruoko rweruboshwe, maoko ese, mapendekete, mutsipa, shaya, musana, kana dumbu repamusoro.
- Kuoma kufema: Unganzwa kushaya mweya, kana uine kurwadziwa pachipfuva kana kuti usina.
- Kudikitira: Ungangoerekana wanzwa kutonhora wotanga kudikitira.
- Kusvotwa nekurutsa: Zvinogona kunzwa semudumbu wakagumbuka, semudumbu unonzi gastritis.
- Kunzwa dzungu uye kupera simba: Kunzwa dzungu uye kutadza kumira.
- Kunzwa kutya kukuru: Unganzwa kutya kukuru, kutotya rufu, pasina chikonzero.
Hunhu hwakasiyana hwevakadzi
Vakadzi dzimwe nguva vanogona kusanzwa kurwadziwa kwepachipfuva kwakajairika zvakanyanya. Asi, vanogona kusangana nezviratidzo zvakaita seizvi.
- Kuneta kusingawanzoitiki: Kunzwa kuneta zvakanyanya kwemazuva akati wandei.
- Kushaya hope.
- Kutadza kufema zvakanaka.
- Kurwadziwa kumusana, pamafudzi, uye pashaya.
- Kusvotwa nekurutsa.
Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti, kana ukaona zviratidzo zvakaita seizvi, usangofungidzira kuti, "Izvi zvingava gastritis," asi enda kuchipatara cheEmergency Department (ETU) nekukasika.
Kurapwa kwerudzii kunoitirwa kuchipatara?
MuSTEMI, nguva inokosha mukuponesa hupenyu, saka kurapwa kunokurumidza zvikuru.
1. Kuongororwa kwechirwere nekukasika: Paunongounzwa kuETU, ECG inotorwa kuti ionekwe kana iri STEMI.
2. Mushonga unonyungudutsa ropa rakagwamba: Mune zvimwe zvipatara, jekiseni (thrombolysis) rinopihwa kuti ropa rakagwamba rinyungudike.
3. Angioplasty uye stent placement (PCI): Uku ndiko kurapa kwakanakisa uye kwemazuva ano kweSTEMI. Muizvi, chubhu yakatetepa kwazvo inopinzwa netsinga iri muruoko kana gumbo ichipinda mumoyo ichienda kutsinga yakavharika. Zvadaro, bharumu diki riri kumagumo kwechubhu rinofuridzirwa kuti rivhure tsinga yakavharika, uye mudziyo wakaita semesh unonzi stent unoiswa panzvimbo iyoyo kudzivirira kuti isavharike zvakare. Izvi zvinonzi (Percutaneous Coronary Intervention - PCI).
4. Kuvhiyiwa kweBypass (CABG Surgery): Kana mitsipa yeropa yakawanda yakavharwa kana PCI isingagoneke, kuvhiyiwa kunoitwa kugadzira mitsipa mitsva yeropa. Izvi zvakafanana nekuvaka 'flyover' itsva yekupfuura mugwagwa wakavharwa.
5. Mimwe mishonga:Pamusoro pemishonga iyi, mishonga yakati wandei, yakaita semishonga inodzikisa ropa (yakadai seaspirin), mishonga inoderedza cholesterol (statins), uye mishonga inodzora kurova kwemoyo (beta-blockers), inofanira kutorwa kweupenyu hwako hwese.
Ndingaitei kana paine emergency? Ndofonera 1990 here? Kana kuti ndoenda nemota here?
Uyu mubvunzo unokosha zvikuru. Kana uchifungidzira kuti iwe kana mumwe munhu ari pedyo newe ane zviratidzo zvechirwere chemwoyo, usambofa wakazvityaira kuenda kuchipatara. Usambofa wakakumbira mumwe munhu kuti akutyaire.
Chinhu chakanakisa chekuita kufonera amburenzi nekukasika, senge muna 1990.
sei zvakadaro?
- Mapurisa ari muamburenzi akadzidziswa zvakanyanya nezvemhando idzi dzenjodzi. Vanogona kutanga kupa rubatsiro rwekutanga (rwakadai seoxygen) paunenge uchiendeswa kuchipatara.
- Vanogona kuzivisa ETU yechipatara pachine nguva uye kupa ruzivo nezvemurwere. Zvadaro, paunosvika, vanachiremba nevanamukoti vanenge vagadzirira kukurapa. Izvi zvinochengetedza nguva inokosha.
- Kana pakaitika emergency, yakadai sekumira kwemoyo, amburenzi ine michina inodiwa (yakadai se defibrillator) yekurapa chirwere ichi. Haugone kuita izvozvo uri mumotokari yekumba.
Yeukai, sekondi yega yega inokosha muSTEMI. Saka kuita sarudzo chaiyo kunogona kuponesa hupenyu.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- STEMI rudzi rwakakomba rwechirwere chemwoyo chinokonzerwa nekuvharika kwetsinga yeropa inopa ropa kumoyo.
- Zviratidzo zvikuru kurwadziwa kwakanyanya pakati pechipfuva, kushaya mweya, uye kudikitira. Usazviregeredza nekuti chirwere chegastritis.
- Kana ukaona chimwe chezviratidzo izvi, fonera amburenzi nekukurumidza uye enda kuEmergency Treatment Unit (ETU) yechipatara.
- Nguva ndiyo inokosha. Kana kurapwa kukatangwa nekukurumidza, kukuvara kwemoyo kunogona kuderedzwa zvakanyanya.
- Dambudziko iri rinogona kudzivirirwa nekurega kusvuta, kudzora cholesterol, BP, uye chirwere cheshuga, kudya chikafu chine hutano, uye kurovedza muviri. Taura nachiremba wako nezveizvi nguva dzose.
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