Vanachiremba vanoponesa hupenyu munguva dzenjodzi: Ndiani chiremba weTrauma?

Hapana mumwe wedu anofarira tsaona, handiti? Asi kana tsaona ikaitika panguva isingatarisirwi, kune boka revanachiremba vane hunyanzvi varipo kuti vaponese hupenyu hwedu. Ava ndivo vatinodaidza kuti vanachiremba vekukuvara . Muchinyorwa chino, tichataura nezvevanachiremba ava, zvavanoita, uye kukosha kwavo muhupenyu hwedu.

Ndiani chiremba weTrauma?

Muchidimbu, `(Chiremba weTrauma)` chiremba ane hunyanzvi hwepamusoro anoita kuvhiyiwa kwekukurumidzira kwekukuvara kwakakomba uye mamiriro ekurapa ekukurumidzira anogona kuisa hupenyu panjodzi. Fungidzira, kana ukaita tsaona huru uye wakakuvara zvakanyanya, uyu `(Chiremba weTrauma)` ndiye mutungamiri wechikwata chekurapa chinokutarisira. Chikwata ichi chinogona kusanganisira vashandi vechikamu che`Critical Care``, vamwe vanachiremba vekuvhiya, nezvimwewo. Ibasa ravowo kutarisa kupora kwako mushure mekuvhiyiwa uye kuronga pamwe nachiremba wemhuri yako (`Primary Care Physician`). Dzimwe nguva vanachiremba ava vanonziwo `Acute Care Surgeon`` kana `Critical Care Surgeon``.

Ndezvipi kukuvara kukuru nezvirwere zvinorapwa nenyanzvi idzi?

Waizviziva here kuti gore rega rega, mamiriyoni evanhu pasi rose vanokuvara mutsaona uye vanopedzisira vapinda muzvipatara? Izvi hazvina kusiyana muSri Lanka. Kunyange hazvo ava "Vanachiremba veTrauma Surgeons" vakadzidziswa kurapa kukuvara kwakasiyana-siyana, kune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu avanowanzo sangana nawo nekurapa:

Kukuvadzwa kweBlunt Force

Aya kukuvara kunoitika kana chimwe chinhu chakurova zvakanyanya (`Blunt Force Trauma`). Funga nezvezvinhu zvakaita setsaona yemotokari, kudonha kubva pakakwirira, kana chinhu chinorema chichiwira pamuviri wako. Idzi ndidzo nguva dzinodiwa kuvhiyiwa nekukurumidza. Nekuti kukuvara kwemukati kunogona kunge kwakakomba kupfuura kwazvinoonekwa kunze.

Kushungurudzika Kunopinda Mukati

Uku kukuvara kunokonzerwa nechinhu chakapinza chinopinda muganda chichipinda mumuviri (`Penetrating Trauma`). Mienzaniso inosanganisira ronda rekupfurwa, ronda rekubaiwa nebanga kana chimwe chombo chakapinza, kana kuroverwa nechinhu chakapinza. Mukukuvara kwakadaro, zvakakosha zvikuru kumisa kubuda ropa nekukurumidza uye kutarisa kukuvara kwenhengo dzemukati.

Kukuvara Kwekutsva

Vanachiremba ava vanorapa kutsva kwakanyanya kunokonzerwa nemoto, mvura inopisa, uye utsi hwemvura (`thermal burns`). Vanorapawo kutsva kunokonzerwa nemakemikari (`chemical burns`), kukuvara kwemapapu kunokonzerwa nekufema utsi hune chepfu, uye `frostbite`, inova kufa kweganda nenyama nekuda kwechando chakanyanya.

Kuvhiyiwa Kwekukurumidza uye Kutarisirwa Kwakakosha

Vazhinji `(Chiremba weTreuma)` nevamweVanobatanidzwawo mukuvhiyiwa kwechimbichimbi. Semuenzaniso, vanogona kuvhiya zvirwere zvinotyisidzira hupenyu zvakaita sekudzikira kweura. Vanogonawo kubatsira kurapa zvirwere zvakakomba zvinokura iwe uri muchipatara, zvakaita se sepsis (hutachiona hwakakomba hunokonzerwa nekuiswa chepfu muropa), kutadza kufema, kana kutadza kushanda kwenhengo dzemuviri.

Ndedzipi nzira dzekurapa nekuvhiya dzinoitwa navanachiremba ava nekukurumidza?

Kana tsaona ikaitika, ``Chiremba weTreuma`` anoita mabasa akasiyana-siyana ekurapa nekurapa zvinoponesa hupenyu, ari ega kana kuti achibatsirana nedzimwe nyanzvi. Mamwe acho anosanganisira:

• Kuvhiyiwa kweEmergency Thoracostomy: Maitiro aya (`Emergency Thoracostomy`) anogona kuitwa kana chipfuva chako (chakakomberedza mapapu) chakazara neropa kana mapapu akaerekana adonha (`Lung Collapse`). Izvi zvinosanganisira kugadzira ganda diki paganda rechipfuva uye kuisa ``Chest Tube``, chubhu, inoburitswa ropa kana mweya.
• Kuvhiyiwa kweEmergency Thoracotomy: Uku kuvhiyiwa kukuru. Kunoitwa pakukuvara kwakakomba kwechipfuva, kunouraya kana senzira yekukurumidzira kune mamwe maronda echipfuva. Chipfuva chinovhurwa uye nhengo dzakakuvara dzinogadziriswa.
• Kuvhiyiwa kweEmergency Laparotomy: Izvi zvinosanganisira kuchekwa kwepakati pedumbu rako (`Emergency Laparotomy`). Izvi zvinogona kuitwa kurapa kukuvara kwakakomba kwedumbu, kumisa kubuda ropa mukati, kana sechikamu chekuvhiyiwa kwe emergency appendectomy.
• Kudzora kubuda ropa zvakanyanya uye kudzora maronda: Kana ganda rikapinda uye richibuda ropa rakawanda nekuda kwezvinhu zvakaita seronda rekupfurwa, ronda rekubaiwa, kana chinhu chakapinza, rimwe remabasa makuru evanachiremba ava nderekudzora kubuda ropa, kuchenesa ronda, uye kurisona kana zvichidikanwa .
• Kushanda pamwe chete kwevanovhiya tsinga: Vanachiremba vekukuvara kwetsinga vanowanzo shanda pamwe chete nevanovhiya tsinga, kunyanya kurapa kukuvara kwemusoro, kwakadai semahematoma emudumbu uye kukuvara kweuropi.

Munhu angaita sei kuti ave chiremba weTrauma Surgeon?

Kuva nyanzvi yakaita seiyi hakusi nyore. Zvinoda kushanda nesimba, kuzvipira, uye nguva yakareba yedzidzo. Semuenzaniso, munyika yakaita seAmerica, kuva "Chiremba weTreuma" kunowanzo tora makore angangoita gumi nematatu kusvika gumi nemashanu edzidzo. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

• Dhigirii resainzi yemakore mana.
• Dzidzo yemakore mana kuchikoro chekurapa (dhigirii rezvekurapa).
• Chirongwa chekugara kwemakore mashanu. Munguva iyi, vanowana kudzidziswa kwavo kwakawanda mukuvhiya kwakajairika.
• Izvi zvinoteverwa nechirongwa chekudzidziswa kwakakosha chegore rimwe kana maviri (`Fellowship Program`). Apa ndipo paunowana ruzivo nekudzidziswa mu`Critical Care` uye `Trauma`.
• Dzimwe nguva, munguva iyi yekudzidzira kugara mudzimba, unofanirwawo kuita tsvakurudzo yezvekurapa kwegore rimwe kusvika matatu.

Kwete izvozvo chete, vanofanira kupasa bvunzo dzemarezinesi ekurapa dzenyika yakakodzera (senge `US Medical Licensing Examination`). Vanofanirawo kuwana chitupa chekuvhiya chakajairika uye chitupa che subspecialty mu `Surgical Critical Care` kubva kumabhodhi ekurapa ane hunyanzvi (senge `American Board of Surgery`).

Vamwe vanachiremba vanovhiya njodzi vanowanawo kudzidziswa kwakawedzerwa mukurapa zviitiko zvevanhu vakawanda vakakuvara , ndiko kuti, kana vanhu vazhinji vakakuvara muchiitiko chimwe chete (semuenzaniso, kuputika kwebhomba, njodzi yechisikigo yakakura, tsaona huru yemotokari).

Musiyano uripo pakati paGeneral Surgeon neTrauma Surgeon ndeupi?

Uyu mubvunzo unobvunzwawo nevanhu vazhinji. `(Chiremba weTrauma)` wese ndiye chiremba mukuru. Izvi zvinoreva kuti vakagamuchira kudzidziswa kwekutanga mukuvhiya kwakajairika. Asi mutsauko mukuru ndewekuti `(Chiremba weTrauma)` akagamuchirawo kudzidziswa kwakakosha (`Fellowship`) mukuchengetwa kwakakosha uye kukuvadzwa, uye akawana `Surgical Critical Care Certification` yeizvozvo. Saka, vane hunyanzvi hwakakosha hwekurapa kukuvara kwekukurumidzira, kunotyisidzira hupenyu.

Chii chakasiyana pakati penzvimbo yekurapa vanhu vane kukuvara nechipatara chenguva dzose?

`(Nzvimbo yeKukuvara Kwevanhu Vane Njodzi)`, kureva nzvimbo yekurapa vanhu vane njodzi, inzvimbo yakasiyana zvishoma nechipatara chemazuva ese. Chinhu chikuru ndechekuti `(Nzvimbo yeKukuvara Kwevanhu)` ine vashandi vekurapa vakadzidziswa zvakanyanya, kusanganisira nyanzvi `(Chiremba weKukuvara Kwevanhu Vane Njodzi), vanogona kufonerwa maawa makumi maviri nemana pazuva, mazuva manomwe pasvondo. Zvakare, nzvimbo idzi dzine zvese zvinodiwa nemunhu anenge aita tsaona, zvakaita semidziyo yemazuva ano, nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza ropa, makamuri ekuvhiyira vanhu vane njodzi, nezvimwewo. MuSri Lanka, mayuniti ekukuvara muzvipatara zvikuru zvakaita seizvi anoshandawo padanho repamusoro.

Vanachiremba ava vanovhiya ronda rega rega here? Vanoshanda vega here?

Vanachiremba vekukuvara kwetsaona chikamu chakakosha chechikwata chikuru chekurapa.Vanowanzo shanda pamwe chete nevanovhiya tsinga dzeuropi nevanovhiya mapfupa, nekuti mutsaona yakakomba, uropi, musana, kana mapfupa zvinogona kukuvara. Muzviitiko zvakadaro, rutsigiro rwenyanzvi dzakakodzera rwakakosha. Vanoshandawo navanachiremba, vanamukoti, nevamwe vashandi vehutano vari mukamuri rekukurumidzira kurapa vanhu vakakuvara zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinoreva kuti ibasa rechikwata.

Chekupedzisira, chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chekurangarira

Hapana mumwe wedu anotarisira kusangana netsaona kana kuda kurapwa nekukurumidza nekuda kwechirwere chinotyisidzira hupenyu. Asi, zvisingatarisirwi, mamiriyoni evanhu anosangana nezvinhu izvi gore rega rega, zvichida "Kutarisirwa Kwakakosha" nekukurumidza.

Panguva dzakadai, muhondo iri pakati pehupenyu nerufu, ndivo "Vanachiremba veTrauma Surgery" ava vari pamberi vachirwira kuponesa hupenyu.

Vane kudzidziswa kwakakosha uye ruzivo rwakakosha. Vanogona kukurumidza kuona zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvinotyisidzira hupenyu uye kuita kurapwa nekuvhiyiwa kunodiwa. Kana iwe kana mumwe munhu waunoziva achida kuvhiyiwa nekukurumidza, chiremba wako wekukuvara, pamwe chete nevamwe vanachiremba, ndivo vachakutarisira kusvika wapora. Ndosaka mabasa evanachiremba ava asina mutengo. Vakafanana nemagamba asingazivikanwe munharaunda yedu.

Tsaona , Vanachiremba Vanovhiya, Vanachiremba Vanovhiya Vane Njodzi, Kurapwa Nekukurumidza, Kukuvara, Kuvhiya, Vanochengetedza Upenyu