Tose tine ruzivo rwemajini edu rwakachengetwa mukati memasero emuviri wedu. Zvakafanana nemabhuku ari muraibhurari hombe. Tinodana mabhuku aya kuti machromosome. Tinokura nehafu kubva kuna amai vedu uye hafu kubva kuna baba vedu. Asi fungidzira, dzimwe nguva mapeji maviri emabhuku aya anobvaruka, uye peji kubva mubhuku rimwe rinonamira kune rimwe, uye peji kubva mubhuku rimwe rinonamira kune iri bhuku. Ndizvo zvatinodaidza kuti translocation mukurapa kana zvikamu zvemachromosome maviri zvikatyoka zvochinjana. Usatya paunonzwa zita iri. Vanhu vazhinji vanogona kuva naro, uye vangasatomboriziva. Ngationei kuti chii chaizvo.
Chii chinonzi Translocation ichi chinonzi kuchinja kwemajini?
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, translocation kuchinja kwemaumbirwo emachromosome. Izvi zvinoitika kana chidimbu chechromosome imwe chete chikatyoka chonamatira kune imwe chromosome. Dzimwe nguva, chidimbu chakatyoka chechromosome yechipiri chinogonawo kubatana neyokutanga.
Mukati me nucleus yesero rega rega, mune ma chromosomes maviri nematatu. Aya ma chromosomes makumi mana nematanhatu. Paaya, ma chromosomes makumi maviri nemaviri anodzora humwe hunhu hwemuviri (autosomes), nepo maviri ekupedzisira achisarudza bonde redu (X na Y chromosomes).
Translocation inogona kukamurwa kuita mhando mbiri huru:
1. Kuchinjana kwemasero: Apa ndipo panochinjaniswa zvikamu zvemachromosome maviri akasiyana. Fungidzira chidimbu chechromosome 7 chichiendeswa kuchromosome 21, uye chidimbu chechromosome 21 chichiendeswa kuchromosome 7.
2. Kutamiswa kweRobertsonian: Apa ndipo apo chromosome imwe inonamatira zvachose kune imwe chromosome.
Zvino pane chimwe chinhu chakakosha. Kana zvikamu izvi zvikatsinhaniswa, asi pasina ruzivo rwemajini rwakarasika kana kuwanikwa, tinozviti Balanced Translocation . Munhu ane izvi kazhinji haana matambudziko ehutano. Zvisinei, kana rumwe ruzivo rwemajini rwakarasika kana kuwanikwa nekuda kwekuchinjana uku, tinozviti Unbalanced Translocation . Ndipo panotanga kumuka matambudziko akasiyana-siyana ehutano.
Kungochinja-chinja here? Dzimwe shanduko dzinogona kuitika mumachromosomes
Pamusoro pekuchinjika kwemasero, kune dzimwe shanduko dzakawanda dzinogona kuitika muchimiro chema chromosome. Izvi zvinogonawo kukanganisa kugadzirwa kwemapuroteni mumuviri wedu uye kukanganisa mashandiro emasero nematishu. Ngatitarisei kuti chii.
| Rudzi rwekuchinja | Chii chinongoitika |
|---|---|
| Kudzimwa | Chikamu chechromosome chinotyoka chobviswa. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kwemajini akawanda kana mazana akakosha mumuviri. |
| Kukopa | Chikamu chechromosome chinokopwa kaviri zvisina kujairika, zvichipa ruzivo rwakawanda nezvemajini. |
| Kuchinja (kutendeudza chikamu chimwe neimwe nzira) | Chromosome inotyoka munzvimbo mbiri, ipapo chikamu chinotendeuka chobatanazve. |
| Dzimwe shanduko dzakaoma | Misiyano yakaoma inogona kuitika, yakadai sema-isochromosome (ma-chromosome ane maoko maviri akafanana) uye ma-ring chromosome (ma-chromosome akaumbwa serin'i). |
Kutamiswa uku kunokosha rini?
Mumuviri medu mune mamiriyoni emasero. Kana rimwe chete remasero aya rikasangana nekuchinja kwakadaro, harizokanganisike zvakanyanya. Sero iroro rinogona kufa mushure mechinguva.
Zvisinei, kutamiswa uku kwakakomba uye kwakakosha chete kana kukaitika muzai raamai (zai), mbeu yababa (mbeu), kana sero rekutanga rakaumbwa nekubatana kwevaviri (zygote).
Fungidzira, sero rimwe chete iroro rinopatsanurana robva rapatsanurana kuti riumbe mwana akazara. Izvi zvinoreva kuti sero rega rega riri mumuviri wemwana rine translocation iyoyo. Ndipo panoitika zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana nekuda kwekuwedzera kana kudzikira kweruzivo rwemajini.
Dzimwe nguva shanduko iyi inoitika mushure mekunge mwana abatwa nepamuviri. Zvadaro mamwe masero mumuviri anogona kunge akajairwa uye mamwe masero anogona kunge aine translocation. Tinodaidza izvi kuti Mosaicism .
Ngatitarisei muenzaniso chaiwo.
Kuti tinzwisise izvi zviri nani, ngatitorei muenzaniso. Fungidzira kuti pane munhu, ngatimuti Sunil. Sunil haana chirwere, ane hutano hwakanaka. Asi kana tikaongorora majini ake, ane translocation yakaenzana pakati pemachromosome ake echinomwe ne21. Izvi zvinoreva kuti zvikamu zvakatsinhaniswa, asi ane ruzivo rwese rwemajini rwunodiwa mumuviri wake. Saka, haana matambudziko.
Dambudziko rinouya kana mwana agadzirwa. Kana mbeu yemurume yagadzirwa mumuviri waSunil, chromosome dzinopatsanuka. Pano, zvinosuwisa kuti imwe mbeu yemurume inogona kutakura chromosome yechi7 nechikamu che21st chakabatanidzwa panzvimbo pechromosome yechi7th yakajairika. Panguva imwe chete, chromosome yechi21st yakajairika inogonawo kuenda kumbeu iyoyo.
Zvino, chii chinoitika kana mbeu iyi ikabatana nezai rine hutano uye mwana akazvarwa? Amai vanowana imwe chromosome yechi21. Baba (Sunil) vanowana chromosome yechi21 yakajairika pamwe nechikamu chechromosome yechi21 chakabatana nechromosome yechi7. Zvadaro, masero emwana ane zvidimbu zvitatu zveruzivo rwemajini zvine chekuita nechromosome yechi21. Ndizvo zvatinodaidza kuti Down syndrome .
Zvino mava kunzwisisa here kuti munhu ane translocation yakaenzana anogona sei kuva nemwana ane translocation isina kuenzana, kunyangwe asina zviratidzo?
Zvirwere zvinogona kukonzerwa ne translocation
Kune zvirwere zvakawanda zvinogona kukonzerwa nekuiswa kwemwana panzvimbo imwe chete.
| Dambudziko rehutano | Machromosomes anowanzobatanidzwa uye tsananguro |
|---|---|
| Down syndrome | Dambudziko iri rinowanzo kukonzerwa nekuvapo kwemakopi matatu echromosome 21 panzvimbo pemakopi maviri (Trisomy 21). Zvisinei, chikamu chidiki chezviitiko chinokonzerwa nekuchinjika kwemasero. Chinonyanya kuitika kuchinjana kwemachromosome 14 ne21. Vana ava vanogona kuva nematambudziko mumoyo, mudumbu, nemumusana. |
| Chirwere cheLeukemia Chisingaperi (CML) | Iyi imhando yegomarara reropa. Inokonzerwa nekuchinjika kwemachromosome 9 ne22. Chromosome itsva yechi22 inoumbwa nekuda kweizvi inonzi Philadelphia chromosome.Izvi zvinokonzera kugadzirwa kweenzyme isina kujairika, zvichiita kuti masero ekenza akure zvisingadzoreki. |
| Lymphoma nedzimwe mhando dzeleukemia | Kuchinjana kwemasero pakati pemamwe machromosome, akadai semachromosome 8 ne11, kunogonawo kukonzera mhando dzakasiyana dzeleukemia nelymphoma. |
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Kutamiswa kwemwana kunogona kusava nengozi (kwakaenzana), kana kuti kunogona kukonzera zvirwere zvakakomba (zvisina kuenzana).
- Kana uine translocation yakakwana, unogona kurarama hupenyu hune hutano. Matambudziko aunogona kuva nawo ndeekuti une vana chete.
- Dambudziko iri rinogona kutorwa kubva kuvabereki, kana kuti rinogona kukura patsva panguva yekubata pamuviri.
- Hapana mushonga wekuchinja nzvimbo, nekuti uripo musero rega rega mumuviri. Zvisinei, zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nazvo zvinogona kurapwa.
- Ichi hachisi chirwere chinotapuriranwa. Unogona kushamwaridzana nevamwe, kuita zvepabonde, uye kupa ropa pasina kutya.
- Kana mumwe munhu mumhuri yako aine chirwere chemajini, kana kuti kana uine kusava nechokwadi kana mibvunzo nezveizvi, chinhu chakanakisa chekuita ndechekuona chiremba wako kana chiremba wako motaura nezvazvo.
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