Kwenzeka ntoni entliziyweni yakho? Masifumanise ngeCardiac Imaging.

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba kwenzeka ntoni ngaphakathi entliziyweni yethu? Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha kufuneka babone imeko yentliziyo yakho ngokucacileyo. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngeendlela ezikhethekileyo ezisetyenziswa kwiimeko ezinjalo. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-'(Cardiac Imaging)' okanye i-heart imaging. Ungakhathazeki, oku akuyonto inkulu, masikuchaze nganye nganye.

Yintoni i-cardiac imaging?

Ngamafutshane, ukufota intliziyo yinkqubo ethatha imifanekiso yentliziyo yakho nezinto ezikujikelezileyo. Kufana nokufota, kodwa kwahlukile kancinci. Kunceda oogqirha babone ukuba intliziyo yakho iphilile na okanye kukho ingxaki. Abanye abantu bakubiza ngokuba kukufota intliziyo, kodwa intsingiselo iyafana.

Ziziphi iindlela eziphambili zokwenza imifanekiso yentliziyo?

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziswayo ukuhlola intliziyo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yomntu, ugqirha uya kugqiba ukuba yeyiphi indlela aza kuyisebenzisa. Makhe sijonge iindlela eziphambili:

• I-Echocardiogram - siyibiza ngokuba yi-"Echo" ngamafutshane: Abantu abaninzi baye beva ngale nto.
• I-cardiac computed tomography (CT) scan: Olu luhlobo lwe-scan.
• Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwentliziyo lwenyukliya: Olu vavanyo lusebenzisa inani elincinci lezinto ezinemisebe.
• I-single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT): Olu lukwaluhlobo lovavanyo lwenyukliya olukhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla.
• I-cardiac positron emission tomography (PET): Olu lolunye uvavanyo lwenyukliya.
• I-Coronary angiogram okanye i-left heart catheterization ("i-heart cath"): Oku kujonga imithambo yegazi ekhokelela entliziyweni.
• I-MRI yentliziyo: Le yi-MRI scan, kodwa ijongwa ngqo entliziyweni.
• Iskeni ye-Multigated Acquisition (MUGA): Oku kukwajonga ukusebenza kwentliziyo.

Ngamanye amaxesha, oogqirha banokwenza ezimbini okanye ezintathu kwezi vavanyo kunye. Umzekelo, i-CT scan kunye ne-coronary angiogram, okanye i-PET kunye ne-CT scan, zingenziwa kunye ukuze kuqondwe ngcono imeko yentliziyo yakho.

Kunini apho ugqirha acebisa khona uvavanyo lomfanekiso wentliziyo?

Oogqirha basebenzisa olu vavanyo ngezizathu ezimbalwa. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi:

• Hlola imeko yentliziyo ngaphambi kokuba kuvele isifo sentliziyo.
• Ukuchonga izifo zentliziyo ukuze ufumane ukuba zeziphi izifo zentliziyo osele unazo.
• Ukuba umntu unesifo sentliziyo, jonga ukuba mkhulu kangakanani umonakalo owenziweyo entliziyweni.
• Abanye abantu bafumana iimpawu ezifana neentlungu zesifuba kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla. Fumanisa ukuba yintoni ebangela oko.
• Xa kunyangwa isifo sentliziyo, ezi zikwasetyenziselwa ukujonga ukuba unyango luluncedo na entliziyweni okanye akunjalo.

Khawuthelekelele nje ukuba uneentlungu esifubeni. Ukuba ugqirha ukrokrela ukuba yinto enxulumene nentliziyo, angenza uvavanyo olufana nolu.

Zeziphi izifo zentliziyo ezinokuchongwa ngezi mvavanyo?

Ezi ndlela zokwenza imifanekiso yentliziyo zinokunceda ekuxilongeni nasekulawuleni iingxaki ezininzi zentliziyo, kuquka:

• I-Arrhythmia: Oku kuthetha ukuba ukubetha kwentliziyo kuba yinto engahambelaniyo.
• Isifo semithambo yegazi: Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi entliziyweni.
• Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo: Le yindlela esibizwa ngayo isifo sentliziyo.
• Ukusilela kwentliziyo: Intliziyo ibuthathaka kwaye ayikwazi ukupompa igazi elaneleyo emzimbeni.
• Iimeko zentliziyo zabantwana nezokuzalwa nazo: Umzekelo, utshintsho oluthile kwisakhiwo sentliziyo.
• Isifo sevalvu yentliziyo: Isifo sevalvu entliziyweni.
• Isifo sentliziyo: Izifo zesikhumba esibhityileyo esijikeleze intliziyo.

Ngoku masithethe ngezinye zezi mvavanyo zibalulekileyo ngeenkcukacha ezithe vetshe.

Yintoni i-Echocardiogram (i-Echo)?

I-echocardiogram isebenzisa amaza esandi asebenza rhoqo (izandi esingazivayo) ezibizwa ngokuba yi-ultrasound ukuthatha imifanekiso yentliziyo. Oku kunokudala imifanekiso efana nevidiyo yamagumbi entliziyo, iivalvu, iindonga, kunye nemithambo yegazi. Uhlobo oluthile lwe-echo olubizwa ngokuba yi-Doppler echocardiogram lunokulinganisa ukuhamba kwegazi kwigumbi ngalinye lentliziyo.

I-echocardiogram inokunceda ukulinganisa ukuba intliziyo impompa igazi kangakanani na kunye nobunzima bokungasebenzi kakuhle kwentliziyo, ukuba bukhona. Ingafumanisa neengxaki zeevalvu zentliziyo, usulelo, amahlwili egazi, okanye imingxunya entliziyweni. Olu vavanyo ludla ngokusetyenziswa ngoogqirha bentliziyo kuba lunokubonelela ngolwazi oluninzi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imitha.

Yintoni iskeni yeCardiac Computed Tomography (Cardiac CT)?

I-CT scan yentliziyo isebenzisa ikhompyutha ukwenza imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zentliziyo ngokuthatha uthotho lwee-X-ray. Oku kuvumela ukuba imifanekiso ithathwe kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo nakwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Le mifanekiso inokujongwa ngokuthe ngqo okanye ingenziwa njengemifanekiso enamacala amathathu, okuvumela intliziyo kunye neendawo ezingqongileyo ukuba zijongwe kwiikona ezahlukeneyo.

Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela i-CT scan ukujonga ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi okanye iingxaki zesakhiwo sentliziyo. Ngamanye amaxesha oku kungenziwa ukuba ezinye iimvavanyo aziboneleli ngolwazi olwaneleyo. Oogqirha bentliziyo kunye neengcali zentliziyo ezingenelelayo (abenza utyando lwentliziyo besebenzisa iityhubhu ezincinci) basebenzisa oku ukwenza imephu yentliziyo yakho ukukunceda ukuba uthathe isigqibo sokuba ungumntu ofanelekileyo na utyando okanye olunye unyango.

Yintoni uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwentliziyo lwenyukliya?

Oku kusebenzisa into enemisebe ebizwa ngokuba yi-"tracer" ukujonga ukuhamba kwegazi entliziyweni yakho nangaphakathi kwayo. Ugqirha wakho ufaka le "tracer" emthanjeni emzimbeni wakho, aze asebenzise ikhamera ekhethekileyo ukuthatha imifanekiso yentliziyo yakho. Olu vavanyo lwenziwa kube kanye ngelixa uphumle kwaye lwenziwa kwakhona emva kokuba ugqibile ukuzilolonga (umzekelo, ngokubaleka kwi-treadmill).

Olu vavanyo lukwabizwa ngokuba yi-"Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI)".

Kukwakho neentlobo zovavanyo loxinzelelo lwentliziyo lwenyukliya:

• Iskeni se-cardiac PET (positron emission tomography)
• I-Cardiac SPECT - i-single-photon emission computed tomography

Yintoni i-cardiac PET scan?

I-PET scan ikwaluvavanyo lwe-nuclear imaging, njengoko kukhankanyiwe apha ngasentla. Ikwasebenzisa i-radioactive tracer. Le tracer ifunxwa kwiindawo ezinesifo sentliziyo. Ikhamera ye-PET inokuchonga iindawo apho i-tracer ifunxwe khona.

I-PET scan yentliziyo ijonga kakhulu indlela esebenza ngayo i-metabolism yezicubu zentliziyo. Ingabona umonakalo entliziyweni, njengezicubu ezibomvu, emva kokuhlaselwa yintliziyo. Ikwasetyenziselwa uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwentliziyo. I-PET scan idla ngokwenziwa kunye ne-CT scan.

Yintoni iskeni yentliziyo `(SPECT)`?

I-SPECT scan ikwaluvavanyo lwe-nuclear imaging. Isebenzisa i-radioactive tracer ukujonga ukuhamba kwegazi kunye ne-metabolism kwizicubu zentliziyo. Ugqirha ufaka i-tracer emthanjeni, aze emva koko aye entliziyweni. Ikhamera ye-SPECT inokuchonga iindawo apho i-tracer ifunxwe khona.

Yintoni i-angiogram yentliziyo?

I-coronary angiogram luvavanyo olukhethekileyo lwe-X-ray olwenziwa ngexesha lokufakwa kwe-catheter yentliziyo. Kolu vavanyo, ugqirha wakho ufaka ityhubhu ende, ebhityileyo (ebizwa ngokuba yi-catheter) kumthambo omkhulu osesinqeni sakho okanye esihlahleni aze ayifake entliziyweni yakho. Emva koko, kufakwa idayi ekhethekileyo egazini lakho ngetyhubhu. Umatshini we-X-ray uthatha imifanekiso yedayi njengoko ihamba ngemithambo yegazi ejikeleze intliziyo yakho.Olu vavanyo lujonga ikakhulu imithambo yegazi evalekileyo okanye evalekileyo. Cinga ngalo njengokujonga ukungcola okubambeke ngaphakathi kumbhobho wamanzi.

Yintoni i-MRI yentliziyo?

I-MRI yentliziyo isebenzisa amaza erediyo kunye neemagnethi endaweni yemitha ukuskena intliziyo. I-MRI ingathatha imifanekiso eneenkcukacha ezininzi . Ibonisa iindawo zentliziyo ngokucacileyo kwaye ibonisa indlela ezisebenza ngayo. Inokunceda ekuchongeni iimeko ezininzi ngokukhangela umonakalo entliziyweni, njengezicubu ezibomvu okanye ukudumba.

Yintoni i-MUGA scan?

I-MUGA scan ijonga umsebenzi wamagumbi asezantsi entliziyo (abizwa ngokuba zii-ventricles). Le scan ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-radionuclide ventriculography.

Kolu vavanyo, ugqirha ufaka i-radioactive tracer emthanjeni. Ikhamera ekhethekileyo ibona olu rhasi ize ilusebenzisele ukwenza imifanekiso eshukumayo yokubetha kwentliziyo. I-MUGA scan ithatha imifanekiso yentliziyo ngamaxesha athile, ngalo lonke ixesha ibetha.

Olu vavanyo lulinganisa iqhekeza lokukhupha igazi. Eli linani legazi elikhutshwa yintliziyo ngalo lonke ixesha xa ibetha. Oogqirha abasalusebenzisi rhoqo olu vavanyo, kodwa yindlela enye yokulinganisa amandla okupompa kwentliziyo. Ihlala isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa iqhekeza lokukhupha igazi rhoqo ngexesha lonyango lwexesha elide ngamayeza anokubangela iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zentliziyo, ezifana ne-chemotherapy yomhlaza.

Sifanele silungiselele njani uvavanyo olufana nolu?

Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela indlela yokulungiselela uvavanyo oluthile oluya kulwenza. Le miyalelo ingabandakanya izinto ezifana nezi:

• Ziphephe ukutya, iziselo, kunye namayeza ane-caffeine (njengekofu kunye neti) ngelixa uvavanywa uxinzelelo kunye ne-coronary angiograms.
• Xa usiya kwi-cardiac `(CT)` scan kunye ne-cardiac `(MRI)`, shiya ubucwebe bakho ekhaya.
• Xa usenza i-MRI yentliziyo, susa naziphi na izinto zesinyithi ezifana nezixhobo zokuva (ukuba zikhona), iiglasi, kunye neentsimbi zokubopha iinwele.
• Nxiba impahla ekhululekileyo engenazo izixhobo zesinyithi.

Kwakhona, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uxelele oogqirha bakho ezi zinto:

• Malunga nazo zonke ezinye izifo onazo.
• Malunga namayeza onke owasebenzisayo (nokuba amiselwe ngugqirha, athengwe kwikhemesti, izongezo zesondlo, okanye namayeza ukuba uyawasebenzisa).
• Ukuba unezixhobo zonyango ezifakwe emzimbeni wakho, ezinje ngee-pacemakers, iivalvu zoomatshini, iiphini, okanye iirodi.
• Ukuba uneziqwenga zesinyithi emzimbeni wakho, yiyo leyo.
• Oko kukuthi, ukuba ukhulelwe.

Olu lwazi lubaluleke kakhulu kugqirha ukuze enze uvavanyo ngokukhuselekileyo.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingozi kwezi mvavanyo?

Uninzi lwexesha, olu vavanyo lwemifanekiso yentliziyo lukhuselekile . Alungenisi okanye alungenisi kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, kunqabile kakhulu, abanye abantu banokuba neempendulo ze-allergy kwiidayi ezisetyenziswa kwezinye zeemvavanyo. Nangona kunjalo, oku kunqabile kakhulu.

Khumbula, zonke ezi mvavanyo zithatha imifanekiso yentliziyo yakho, imithambo yegazi, nezinto ezikujikelezileyo, jonga indlela igazi elihamba ngayo entliziyweni yakho, kwaye ufumane umfanekiso ocacileyo wempilo yentliziyo yakho.

Okokugqibela, eyona nto ibalulekileyo

Iiskeni zentliziyo zizixhobo ezixabisekileyo ezinceda oogqirha baqonde imeko yentliziyo yakho kwaye zikuncede ulawule imeko yakho. Ukuba ugqirha wakho ucebisa uvavanyo, ungoyiki ukubabuza ukuba kutheni kwaye ulindele ntoni. Ukunyamekela intliziyo yakho yeyona nto ibalulekileyo.

` Imifanekiso yentliziyo, i-Echocardiogram, i-CT Scan, i-MRI, i-Angiogram, isifo sentliziyo, uvavanyo lwentliziyo