Zingaphi iiseli ezibomvu egazini lakho? Masifunde ngovavanyo lwe-hematocrit!

Ngaba wakha weva ugqirha esithi, "Masenze uvavanyo lwegazi" xa usiya kugqirha? Uvavanyo lwegazi olulula kodwa olubaluleke kakhulu oludla ngokwenziwa lubizwa ngokuba yi-hematocrit. Ngamanye amaxesha lunokubhalwa njenge-`(Hct)` kwingxelo yakho. Ngamafutshane, oku kulinganisa ipesenti yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi egazini lakho. Igazi lethu lenziwe ziiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, iiplatelets, kunye nenxalenye yolwelo ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(plasma). Ukuba nomlinganiselo ophilileyo wezi seli ezibomvu zegazi kubaluleke kakhulu. Kuba, zinomsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu - ukuthwala ioksijini kuwo wonke umzimba.

Uvavanyo lwe-hematocrit ludla ngokwenziwa njengenxalenye yovavanyo olukhulu lwegazi olubizwa ngokuba yi-complete blood count (CBC). Ungaludinga olu vavanyo ukuba:

• Kwiimvavanyo zegazi eziqhelekileyo ezenziwa minyaka le, oko kukuthi, njengenxalenye yokuhlolwa kwakho okupheleleyo.
• Ukuba uneempawu zesifo esichaphazela iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi, khawucinge ukuba uhlala uzive udiniwe kwaye ubuthathaka.
• Ukuba unesifo esinxulumene negazi, ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukujonga iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi rhoqo.

Makhe sibone indlela yokwenza olu vavanyo?

Oku kulula kakhulu. Kumntu omdala, udla ngokuthatha igazi elincinci kumthambo osengalweni yakho. Kumntwana omncinci, oneenyanga ezimbalwa ubudala, udla ngokuthatha igazi elincinci esithendeni sonyawo. Igazi emva koko liqokelelwa kwityhubhu ekhethekileyo, okanye mhlawumbi kwiityhubhu ezininzi, ezenzelwe ukuqokelela igazi.

Emva koko le sampuli yegazi ithunyelwa kwilebhu. Apho, umatshini okhethekileyo ujikeleza igazi ngokukhawuleza, wahlula iindawo ezahlukeneyo zalo. Njengaxa ubisi lususwa emanzini. Emva koko, umatshini ngokwawo ubala ipesenti echanekileyo yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi.

Ngaba kukho into ekhethekileyo ekufuneka uyenze ngaphambi kovavanyo?

Nazi iindaba ezimnandi kuwe! Akufuneki wenze nantoni na ekhethekileyo ukulungiselela olu vavanyo lwe-hematocrit. Ungatya kwaye usele ngokwesiqhelo kwaye uthathe nawaphi na amayeza owathathayo njengesiqhelo. Ngaphandle kokuba ugqirha wakho ekuxelela ngenye indlela, kufuneka uqhubeke nemisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla njengesiqhelo.

Kodwa, nantsi into encinci ekufuneka uyikhumbule: Ukuba unoloyiko oluncinci lweenaliti, nto leyo ethetha ukuba uba novalo xa uxelelwa ukuba utsalwe igazi, xelela umongikazi okanye abasebenzi bezonyango kwangethuba. Baza kukufundisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuphumla nokunciphisa uloyiko lwakho. Basenokuthetha nawe okanye bakuxelele ukuba unciphise isantya, njengokuthatha umoya ocothayo.

Kwenzeka ntoni xa unikwa igazi? Ngaba yinto omele uyoyike?

Ukutsalwa kwegazi kuthatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela. Yinkqubo ekhawulezayo. Nantsi into edla ngokwenzeka:

• Okokuqala, umntu othatha igazi (lo usenokuba ngumongikazi okanye ingcali yelabhoratri yezonyango) uya kufumana umthambo olungileyo engalweni yakho (ngesiqhelo ngaphakathi kwengqiniba yakho).
• Emva koko, engalweni yakho engasentla, oko kukuthi, engalweni yakho, bafaka irabha, esiyibiza ngokuba yi-"tourniquet". Oku kwenzelwa ukwenza umthambo ube mkhulu kancinci kwaye kube lula ukutsala igazi.
• Okulandelayo, ulusu apho inaliti iza kufakwa khona lucocwa kakuhle ngento efana notywala. Oku kwenzelwa ukuthintela iintsholongwane ukuba zingangeni.
• Emva koko, inaliti ifakwa ngononophelo emthanjeni. Kuya kubakho ukuhlaba okuncinci apha, njengokulunywa yimbovane . Kodwa intlungu ithatha ixesha elifutshane kakhulu kwaye iphela ngokukhawuleza. Kulula ukuba uphefumla nzulu. Musa ukoyika.
• Igazi eliphuma ngenaliti liqokelelwa kwityhubhu ekhethekileyo okanye kwisirinji ekhankanyiweyo ngaphambili.
• Nje ukuba kuthathwe igazi elifunekayo, inaliti kunye nebhendi yerabha ziyasuswa, kubekwa iplasta encinci okanye iqhekeza loboya bekotoni phezu kwendawo apho igazi litsalwa khona, kwaye kufakwa ibhandishi.

Uza kukwazi ukuya ekhaya ngexesha elifutshane. Ngaphambi kokuba uhambe, kungcono ukubuza ukuba uza kuyifumana nini ingxelo yakho ye-hematocrit `(Hct)`. Ingxelo idla ngokufunyanwa kungekapheli usuku okanye ezimbini, ngamanye amaxesha iintsuku ezimbalwa.

Ngaba oku kungabangela naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga?

Uninzi lwabantu aluziva lungonwabanga emva kokunikela ngegazi kwaye luziva luphilile. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abantu banokuziva benesiyezi okanye bedidekile xa kutsalwa igazi. Ukuba uziva ngale ndlela, kuqhelekile, ungakhathazeki. Nangona kunjalo, qiniseka ukuba uxelela umntu otsala igazi lakho ukuba uziva njani. Baza kukuxelela ukuba ulale phantsi okwethutyana, bakunike amanzi okusela, okanye bakuncede ude uzive ungcono. Indawo apho igazi litsalwe khona inokuba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kancinci, kodwa oku kuya kuphela emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa.

Yintoni ekwingxelo? Ithini le nto?

Iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho lwe-hematocrit ziza njengenani, elichazwa njengepesenti. Umzekelo, ukuba ingxelo yakho ithi i-45, oko kuthetha ukuba i-45% yegazi lakho yenziwe ngeeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Nantsi indlela amanqanaba e-hematocrit aqhelekileyo ahluka ngayo ngokweminyaka kunye nesini:

• Kumadoda : 41% ukuya kuma-50%
• Kwabasetyhini : 36% ukuya kwi-44%
• Kwiintsana ezineenyanga ezimbalwa ubudala : 32% ukuya kuma-42%
• Kwabasandul’ ukuzalwa : 45% ukuya kuma-61%

Kodwa kukho into ebaluleke kakhulu ekufuneka uyikhumbule apha. Olu luhlu 'oluqhelekileyo' lunokwahluka kancinci ukusuka kwilabhoratri ukuya kwilabhoratri . Oko kuthetha ukuba uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwelabhoratri enye lunokwahluka kancinci kuluhlu lolunye. Yiyo loo nto kufuneka uthelekise ixabiso elikwingxelo yakho 'noluhlu lwesalathiso' olunikiweyo kuloo ngxelo. Kwakhona, khangela unobumba `(H)` (Phezulu - oko kuthetha ukuba phezulu) okanye `(L)` (Phantsi - oko kuthetha ukuba phantsi) ecaleni kwexabiso lakho. Ngaleyo ndlela unokuziqonda ngokwakho ukuba ixabiso lakho lingaphakathi koluhlu oluqhelekileyo, okanye liphezulu okanye liphantsi.

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ixabiso le-hematocrit liphezulu?

Xa ixabiso le-hematocrit liphezulu kunexabiso elicetyiswayo, ngokwezonyango silibiza ngokuba yi-`(Erythrocytosis)`. Ngamanye amaxesha oku kungaba luphawu lwesifo somongo wethambo esifana ne-`(Polycythemia vera)`. Kodwa uninzi lwexesha, oku kuthetha ukuba iiseli zomzimba wakho zifuna ioksijini engaphezulu, ngoko ke umzimba wakho wenza iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezininzi xa uphendula. Kanye njengokuba sinengxaki yokuphefumla kwindawo eneoksijini encinci, okufanayo kunokwenzeka ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Nazi ezinye zezizathu zokuba ixabiso le-hematocrit linyuke:

• Ityhefu ye-carbon monoxide: Oku kwenzeka xa uphefumla umsi ovela kwizinto ezifana nezitovu zomthi kunye nomsi wemoto.
• Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni: Xa umzimba ungafumani manzi aneleyo, ulwelo lwegazi luyancipha kwaye ipesenti yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi iyanda.
• Ezinye izifo zentliziyo: Xa intliziyo ingapompi igazi ngokufanelekileyo.
• I-pulmonary fibrosis: Kule meko, ukutshintshiselana ngeoksijini emiphungeni akwenzeki kakuhle.
• I-Obstructive sleep apnea: Oku kwenzeka xa ukuphefumla kuyeka okwethutyana ngexesha lokulala ebusuku.
• Ukutshaya: Umzimba uvelisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezininzi kuba igazi labantu abatshayayo linomthamo omncinci wokuthwala ioksijini.
• Ukuthatha i-hormone ye-testosterone ngaphandle.

Enye into, ukuba uhlala kwindawo ephakamileyo, i-hematocrit yakho inokunyuka njengoko umzimba wakho uqhelana namanqanaba aphantsi eoksijini kuloo ndawo. Kodwa ayisoloko iyinto exhalabisayo. Ugqirha wakho uya kuqwalasela izinto ezifana nendlela ophila ngayo kunye nendawo ohlala kuyo xa ehlola ingxelo yakho aze afikelele kwisigqibo.

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ixabiso le-hematocrit liphantsi?

I-hematocrit ephantsi idla ngokuthetha ukuba umzimba wakho awunazo iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezaneleyo. Le meko idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-anemia. Enyanisweni, isizathu esiphambili sokwenza uvavanyo lwe-hematocrit kukuba ukrokrela ukuba une-anemia . Usenokuba uneempawu ezifana nokudinwa, ubuthathaka, ukuba nentloko ebuhlungu, kwaye mhlawumbi nesiyezi ngenxa ye-anemia. Kukho ezinye izizathu zokuba i-hematocrit yakho isenokuba phantsi:

• Ukopha: Kungaba linxeba, isilonda esiswini, okanye ukuya exesheni kakhulu kubafazi.
• I-Hyponatremia: Oku kuthetha ukwehla komxholo wetyuwa egazini.
• Umhlaza okhula egazini, njenge-leukemia.
• Isifo sezintso: Xa izintso zivelisa ihomoni enceda ekwenzeni iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, ziyaphazamiseka.
• Isifo se-thyroid: Ingakumbi xa iihomoni ze-thyroid ziphantsi.

Ixabiso le-hematocrit lisenokuncipha kancinci ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Oku kungenxa yokuba ulwelo lomzimba kamama (i-plasma) luyanda ngeli xesha, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ubungakanani be-plasma egazini bunyuke xa kuthelekiswa nobungakanani beeseli ezibomvu zegazi. Oku kuqhelekile.

Kufuneka uthethe nini nogqirha?

Ukuba awuqondi ukuba yintoni ekwingxelo yakho, okanye ukuba unemibuzo okanye iinkxalabo malunga ne-hematocrit yakho, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho . Musa ukuba neentloni okanye ukoyika. Khumbula, i-hematocrit engaphezulu kancinci kwesiqhelo ayisoloko ithetha into enzulu. Ugqirha wakho uza kujonga i-hematocrit yakho, ezinye iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho, iimpawu zakho, kunye nembali yakho yezonyango ukuze abone ukuba kukho into engalunganga na. Uza kuchaza ukuba ezo xabiso zithetha ukuthini kwimpilo yakho, into omawuyenze emva koko ukuba i-hematocrit yakho iphantsi okanye iphezulu, kunye nokuba kukho naluphi na unyango olufunekayo.

Ugqirha wakho usenokuba ucele olu vavanyo kuba uneempawu zesifo esichaphazela inqanaba le-hematocrit yakho (umz., ukudinwa, ukuba mhlophe). Ukuba kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuxelela ugqirha wakho ukuba iimpawu zakho ziya zisiba mandundu.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweHematocrit kunye neHemoglobin?

Lo ngumbuzo abantu abaninzi abawubuzayo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha bayadideka. Nangona zombini zinxulumene neeseli ezibomvu zegazi, zilinganisa izinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo.

Kalula nje:

• Uvavanyo lwe-hematocrit lulinganisa ukuba yipesenti engakanani yomthamo wegazi lakho lilonke eyenziwe ziiseli ezibomvu zegazi (ifana 'nobuninzi' beeseli ezibomvu zegazi egazini lakho).
• Uvavanyo lwe-hemoglobin lulinganisa ubungakanani (ngesiqhelo kwiigram) beproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-hemoglobin engaphakathi kwiiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi.

Le hemoglobin ibaluleke kakhulu. Kuba, into enceda iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zithwale ioksijini emzimbeni wonke, kwaye into ebamba ioksijini, yile protein ibizwa ngokuba yi-hemoglobin. Ngoko ke zombini ezi zinto zisixelela ulwazi olubalulekileyo malunga nempilo yethu.

Kuthekani ukuba zombini i-hematocrit kunye ne-hemoglobin ziphantsi?

Ngamanye amaxesha uvavanyo lwakho lwegazi lunokubonisa zombini i-hematocrit ephantsi kunye ne-hemoglobin ephantsi. Kukho izizathu ezintathu eziphambili zoku:

• Uyopha : Oku kusenokuba kubangelwa kukwenzakala okanye yimeko yempilo yangaphakathi (umz. izilonda zesisu, ukopha kwamathumbu).
• Umongo wakho wethambo awuvelisi iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezaneleyo : Umongo wethambo ngumzi-mveliso wethu weeseli zegazi. Ukuba kukho ingxaki ngawo, ukuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi kunokuncipha.
• Iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi ziyafa (ziyatshatyalaliswa) ngaphambi kwexesha eliqhelekileyo : Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zihlala ixesha eliqhelekileyo. Ukuba ziyatshatyalaliswa ngaphambi koko, oko kunokubangela ukuba la maxabiso ehle.

Ukuba unemeko efana nale, nto leyo ethetha ukuba zombini i-hematocrit yakho `(Hct)` kunye ne-hemoglobin `(Hb)` yakho ziphantsi, ugqirha wakho uya kufumanisa unobangela ochanekileyo aze agqibe ukuba loluphi unyango olufunayo.

Okokugqibela, ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule!

Kuqhelekile ukuba nexhala okanye ukhathazeke kancinci ukuba ixabiso le-hematocrit yakho `(Hct)` kwingxelo yakho yovavanyo lwegazi liphezulu okanye liphantsi kunesiqhelo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba zininzi izizathu zokuba oku kwenzeke . Ngamanye amaxesha, olu tshintsho lunokuba luphawu lwesifo esinzulu. Kodwa rhoqo, lunokubangelwa ziimeko ezingabalulekanga kangako, okanye notshintsho kwindlela esitya ngayo nendlela esiphila ngayo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ezi ziphumo zinokuba zezexeshana. Umzekelo, xa umzimba uphelelwe ngamanzi emzimbeni, i-hematocrit inokubonakala iphezulu kancinci.

Ngoko ke, musa ukucinga ngoko nangoko ukuba kubi xa ubona ingxelo. Musa ukoyika. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthetha nogqirha wakho uze uqonde ukuba la maxabiso athetha ukuthini kwimpilo yakho . Emva koko uya kuba nokuqonda okucacileyo, kwaye ukuba kukho into onokuyenza, uya kwazi ukuba yintoni. Uvavanyo olufana nolu lusinceda kakhulu ukuba sihlale sisempilweni!

I- Hematocrit, i-Hct, uvavanyo lwegazi, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, i-anemia, i-CBC, ubalo lwegazi