Ngaba uyazi kakuhle indlela esiphefumla ngayo? Makhe sithethe ngenkqubo yakho yokuphefumla ngokulula!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba siphefumla njani, sifumana njani ioksijini kwaye sikhupha njani ikharbon diokside? Konke oku kwenzeka ngenxa yenkqubo emangalisayo emzimbeni wethu. Leyo yinkqubo yokuphefumla, okanye `(iNkqubo yokuphefumla)`. Makhe sithethe ngale nto namhlanje ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda, kulungile?

Ngoko ke yintoni le nkqubo yokuphefumla?

Ngamafutshane, inkqubo yakho yokuphefumla yingqokelela yamalungu omzimba kunye nezakhiwo emzimbeni wakho ezikunceda ukuphefumla. Oku kuquka imiphunga yakho, impumlo, umlomo, kunye neendawo ezifana netyhubhu ezizidibanisayo, ezibizwa ngokuba ziindlela zomoya . Kukwakho nezihlunu kunye nemithambo yegazi enceda inkqubo yakho yokuphefumla, kwaye i-rib cage yakho, okanye i-rib cage , ikhusela konke oku. Zonke ezi ndawo zisebenza kunye ukufunxa ioksijini xa uphefumla kunye nokukhupha i-carbon dioxide xa uphefumla.

Zithini imisebenzi ephambili yenkqubo yokuphefumla?

Umsebenzi ophambili wenkqubo yakho yokuphefumla kukungenisa ioksijini kwiiseli zomzimba wakho nokususa i-carbon dioxide , imveliso engcolileyo. Ukwenza oku ngokuphefumla ngaphakathi nangaphandle, nangokutshintshiselana ngeegesi phakathi kweengxowa zomoya ezincinci ezikwimiphunga yakho, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-alveoli , kunye nemithambo yegazi ezithwalayo. Ukongeza, inkqubo yakho yokuphefumla yenza ezinye izinto ezibalulekileyo:

• Umoya owuphefumlayo uyafudumala kwaye wongeza umswakama. Inkqubo yakho yokuphefumla iyawufudumala umoya ukuze ulingane nobushushu bomzimba wakho. Ikwawufumisa ukuze uwuzise kumswakama owufunayo umzimba wakho.
• Xa uphefumla, ukhusela umzimba wakho kwizinto eziyingozi ezingenayo. Ezinye iindawo zenkqubo yokuphefumla zinokuthintela iintsholongwane eziyingozi kunye nezinto ezibangela ukucaphuka ukuba zingangeni - okanye zizityhale ukuba zingene.
• Ikunceda ukuthetha. Isandi siveliswa xa umoya ushukumisa iintambo zakho zelizwi.
• Ikunceda ukuvumba. Xa uphefumla umoya, amasuntswana akuwo adlula kwimithambo-luvo yakho yokuhomba, ethi emva koko ithumele imiyalezo engqondweni yakho malunga nevumba lento ethile.
• Ilinganisela i-asidi yomzimba wakho. Xa i-carbon dioxide isanda, i-pH yegazi lakho iyancipha, nto leyo eyenza ibe ne-asidi engakumbi. Ngokususa i-carbon dioxide, inkqubo yakho yokuphefumla inceda ukugcina ibhalansi ye-asidi-base yomzimba.

Ziziphi iindawo zenkqubo yokuphefumla?

Isitho esiphambili senkqubo yakho yokuphefumla yimiphunga yakho. Kodwa kukho iindawo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo yokuphefumla ezisebenzisanayo ukukunceda uphefumle. Ezi ndawo zezi:

• Impumlo kunye nomngxuma wempumlo
• Umlomo kunye nomlomo
• Iimbobo/ii-sinuses `(ii-sinuses)`
• Umphimbo (pharynx)
• Ingxolo
• Umbhobho womoya (i-trachea)
• Iindlela eziphambili zomoya `(ibronchi)`
• Imiphunga
• I-diaphragm

Yintoni le ndlela yokuphefumla iphezulu?

Indlela yakho yokuphefumla ephezulu yiyo enceda ekungeniseni umoya emzimbeni wakho uze uwuthumele emiphungeni yakho. Ikwangeza umswakama emoyeni owuphefumlayo. Indlela yakho yomoya iqala empumlweni nasemlonyeni, apho uphefumlela khona umoya. Ezinye iindawo zendlela yakho yokuphefumla ephezulu yimpumlo yakho, ii-sinuses, kunye ne-larynx.

Ngoko ke yintoni indlela yokuphefumla esezantsi?

Indlela yakho yokuphefumla esezantsi ibandakanya umbhobho wakho womoya (i-trachea), i-bronchi yakho (iindlela zomoya), kunye nemiphunga yakho. Umbhobho wakho womoya, iindlela eziphambili zomoya, kunye neendlela ezincinci zomoya (ii-bronchioles) zenza umthi we-tracheobronchial . Le nkqubo yeetyhubhu, ejongeka njengomthi ojonge phantsi, ithwala umoya ukusuka kwindlela ephezulu yokuphefumla ukuya kwiingxowa zomoya ezincinci kwimiphunga yakho, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-alveoli.

Isebenza njani inkqubo yakho yokuphefumla? Iyamangalisa!

Iiseli zomzimba wakho zifuna ioksijini ukuze zivelise amandla. Xa la mandla eveliswa, i-carbon dioxide ikhutshwa njengenkunkuma. Ukuba le carbon dioxide iqokelelana kakhulu emzimbeni, iyingozi emzimbeni. Ngoko ke, umsebenzi ophambili wenkqubo yokuphefumla kukungenisa ioksijini emiphungeni kwaye ikhuphe i-carbon dioxide (utshintshiselwano lwegesi) . Lo msebenzi wenziwa kunye nenkqubo yakho yokujikeleza kwegazi - oko kukuthi, intliziyo yakho, igazi kunye nemithambo yegazi.

Khawuthelekelele ukuba ngalo lonke ixesha uphefumla, ioksijini esemoyeni ifana nezigidi zabakhweli beenqwelo-moya. Ezi nqwelo-moya zifika kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya ezibizwa ngokuba yimiphunga yakho. Xa i-diaphragm yakho isiya ezantsi, indawo esesifubeni sakho iyanda, kwaye umoya (kunye naba khweli beoksijini abancinci) utsalwa emiphungeni yakho. Lo moya ungena ngomlomo okanye empumlweni yakho, uhamba nge-trachea, i-bronchi, kunye ne-bronchioles, njengeendlela zokuhamba kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya. Emva koko aba khweli bafika emasangweni esikhululo seenqwelo-moya, i-alveoli yakho.

Apho, abakhweli beoksijini badlula kwiinwebu ezincinci ezijikeleze imiphunga baze bangene kwimithambo yegazi emincinci ebizwa ngokuba yi-capillaries. Cinga ngayo njengeteksi ethatha abakhweli beoksijini kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya. Ekugqibeleni, le teksi iya kwiiseli zakho nakwizicubu, ikhuphe ioksijini ukuze ibanike amandla.

Ungayisusa njani i-carbon dioxide?

Xa iiseli zisebenzisa amandla, zenza ikharbon diokside. Kwangoko nje ioksijini iphuma kwizicubu zakho, amasuntswana ekharbon diokside angena. Ukusuka apho, ahamba ngegazi lakho aze aye kwiingxolo zomoya ezikwimiphunga yakho ezibizwa ngokuba yi-alveoli. Xa i-diaphragm yakho ibuyela phezulu, umngxuma wesifuba uyawa, uze utyhale umoya uphume ngendlela efanayo naleyo ungene ngayo, uphuma kwimiphunga yakho. Uyabona?

Ngaba ikho enye into ngaphandle kokuphefumla?

Ewe, njengoko uphefumla uphuma ungena, inkqubo yakho yokuphefumla ikhusela umzimba wakho emoyeni owomileyo nakwiisuntswana ezinokuba yingozi. Njengoko uphefumla, ii-sinus zakho zinceda ekulawuleni ubushushu kunye nokufuma komoya.

Njengoko umoya uhamba ngeempumlo zakho uze uhle ngemibhobho yakho yomoya, izakhiwo ezintle ezifana neenwele (cilia) zibamba uthuli, iintsholongwane, kunye nezinye izinto ezibangela ukucaphuka, nto leyo ethintela ukuba zingangeni kwimibhobho yakho yomoya nasemiphungeni. Ukuba ezo zinto zibangela ukucaphuka okanye iintsholongwane zingena ngaphakathi, inkqubo yakho yokuphefumla izibamba kwimibhobho. Emva koko, imibhobho yomoya ekwimibhobho yakho yomoya ishukuma ngamaza, ityhala le mibhobho iphume emzimbeni wakho xa ukhohlela okanye uthimla.

Zeziphi izifo ezinokuchaphazela inkqubo yethu yokuphefumla?

Zininzi iimeko ezinokuchaphazela amalungu omzimba kunye nezicubu ezenza inkqubo yakho yokuphefumla. Ezinye zezi zibangelwa zizinto ezikucaphukisayo kunye neentsholongwane oziphefumlayo - iintsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, kunye nefungi ezibangela usulelo. Ezinye zinokubangelwa kukonakala okanye ziingxaki zemfuza.

Ezinye zeemeko ezinokuchaphazela inkqubo yokuphefumla zezi:

• I-Allergic rhinitis: Ukunganyamezelani nezinto ezifana ne-tree pollen, i-pet dander, kunye nothuli kunokuchaphazela indlela yakho yomoya kunye neendlela zomoya.
• Iimeko zomoya ezingapheliyo: Ezi ziquka izifo ezifana ne-asthma, isifo esingapheliyo semiphunga (COPD), kunye ne-cystic fibrosis.
• Usulelo oluphezulu nolusezantsi lwendlela yokuphefumla: Usulelo oluvela kwimiphunga, olufana nomkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, luqhelekile.
• Ukudumba: Iintsholongwane zinokubangela ukuba iindlela zakho zomoya ezinkulu zidumbe (i-bronchitis), imiphunga yakho idumbe (i-pneumonia), ii-sinuses zakho zidumbe (i-sinusitis), okanye ezinye iindawo zenkqubo yakho yokuphefumla zidumbe.
• Isifo Semiphunga Esingaphakathi Kwezihlunu (ILD): I-Pulmonary Fibrosis kunye nezinye iintlobo ze-ILD zinokubangela amanxeba angapheliyo emiphungeni yakho.
• Ukuvaleka: Oku kungaba yinto yangaphandle, iqhuma elingenabungozi, okanye iqhuma elinomhlaza.
• Ukungalingani kwe-asidi: Xa ukhupha i-carbon dioxide eninzi kakhulu okanye encinci kakhulu, ibhalansi ye-asidi-base egazini lakho iyatshintsha, nto leyo ekhokelela kwi-respiratory alkalosis kunye ne-respiratory acidosis.
• Ioksijini ephantsi okanye i-carbon dioxide ephezulu egazini okanye kwizicubu: Nangona ezi zinto zinokubonakala ngathi ziingxaki zegazi, iimeko ezifana ne-hypoxemia, i-hypoxia, kunye ne-hypercapnia zinokuba ziimpawu zokuba kukho into engalunganga kwinkqubo yakho yokuphefumla.

Zithini iimpawu zesifo sokuphefumla?

Imeko echaphazela inkqubo yokuphefumla ingabangela iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ubunzima okanye ukuphefumla kancinci (i-Dyspnea)
• Ukukhwehlela okumuncu okanye okomileyo
• Impumlo egobhozayo okanye impumlo exineneyo
• Intlungu yesifuba okanye ukuxinana
• Ukuphefumla sisandi sokukhala xa uphefumla.
• Ukutshintsha kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kolusu, imilebe, okanye iinzipho (iCyanosis)

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezisetyenziswa ngoogqirha ukuze baxilonge izifo zokuphefumla?

Oogqirha basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo kunye neenkqubo ukujonga impilo yenkqubo yakho yokuphefumla. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiimpawu zakho, ezinye zezi zingabandakanya:

• I-pulse oximetry: Olu luvavanyo oluqhelekileyo nolulula kakhulu. Lulinganisa inqanaba le-oksijini egazini lakho ngesixhobo esincinci esibekwa emnweni wakho.
• Uvavanyo lokusebenza kwephaphu: Uvavanyo olujonga ukusebenza kwephaphu.
• Ii-X-reyi zesifuba
• Uvavanyo lwegesi yegazi lwe-arterial
• Ngamanye amaxesha iimvavanyo ezifana ne -CT scan okanye i-bronchoscopy (uvavanyo apho kufakwa ikhamera kwindlela yomoya) nazo zinokwenziwa.

Ziziphi iindlela eziqhelekileyo zonyango lwezifo zokuphefumla?

Unyango olufumanayo luya kuxhomekeka ekubeni sisiphi isifo sokuphefumla onaso kwaye sinzima kangakanani. Ezinye iindlela zonyango zingabandakanya:

• Ii-corticosteroids okanye ii-bronchodilators ezifuywayo: Ukuba unemeko enciphisa indlela yakho yomoya, efana ne-asthma okanye i-COPD, unokufuna ukusebenzisa i-inhaler rhoqo.
• Amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane, amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, okanye amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane.
• Ii-Antihistamines ( ze-allergies)
• Izilungisi zeLeukotriene
• Ukuvuselelwa kwemiphunga
• Utyando lweethumba okanye ezinye izithintelo.
• Kwezinye iimeko ezinzima kakhulu , ukufakelwa imiphunga kungenziwa.

Ndingenza ntoni ukuze ndigcine inkqubo yam yokuphefumla isempilweni?

Yenza ezi zinto ukuze ugcine inkqubo yakho yokuphefumla isempilweni:

• Kuphephe ukutshaya okanye ukutshaya i-vaping. Ukutshaya kunokubangela okanye kubenze mandundu izifo ezininzi zemiphunga kunye nokuphefumla. Ii-vape liquids zihlala ziqulethe izinto eziyingozi ezifana nezecuba.
• Ziphephe izinto ezingcolisayo ezinokonakalisa iindlela zakho zomoya. Oku kuquka izinto ezifana nomsi osetyenziswa ngabanye abantu, iikhemikhali, kunye ne-radon (igesi eyingozi enokubangela umhlaza). Ukuba umsebenzi wakho okanye izinto ozithandayo zikubangela ukuba utshaye okanye uthuli, nxiba imaski.
• Sela amanzi amaninzi. Ukusela amanzi amaninzi kunceda ukunciphisa umhluzi emiphungeni yakho kwaye kube lula ukuwukhupha.
• Zilolonge rhoqo.Ukuzilolonga kuyayomeleza imisipha yemiphunga yakho, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuphefumla.
• Thintela usulelo. Ungakuthintela ukugula ngokuhlamba izandla zakho rhoqo kunye nokufumana ugonyo lwezifo zokuphefumla.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba ukhwehlela rhoqo okanye uya usiba mandundu, unengxaki yokuphefumla, okanye ezinye iimpawu zesifo sokuphefumla, bonana nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko. Kwakhona, fumana uhlolo rhoqo. Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kweengxaki zokuphefumla kunokunceda ukuthintela ukuba zingabi mandundu.

Zeziphi izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka sizikhumbule?

Phefumla... Phefumla... Ukuphefumla kwakho kunokukunceda uzole kwaye kukugcine ugxile. Kunokukunceda unuke, ungcamle, kwaye ucule ingoma oyithandayo. Okubaluleke kakhulu, inkqubo yakho yokuphefumla ithatha ioksijini ukuze inike amandla iiseli zakho kwaye ikhuphe i-carbon dioxide. Ukuba kukho into engalunganga kwinkqubo yakho yokuphefumla, unokukhohlela, uphefumle, okanye uphelelwe ngumphefumlo. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu zixhalabisayo, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho. Banokukunceda uphefumle lula.

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