Ngaba uyayazi le khaka incinci iphambi kwamehlo akho? Masithethe nge-cornea!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba yintoni loo nxalenye yeliso lakho ejikelezileyo, ekhazimlayo, efana neglasi? Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-cornea. Ifana nesikhuselo esincinci seliso lakho. Makhe sithethe kancinci ngale nxalenye imangalisayo namhlanje, akunjalo?

Yintoni le cornea? Ngamafutshane...

Ngamafutshane, i-cornea yakho sisigqubuthelo esicacileyo, esimile okwedome phambi kweliso lakho. Yicinge njengefestile yemoto. Yiyo ethintela izinto ezinje ngothuli kunye neentsholongwane ukuba zingangeni elisweni lakho. Ikwabalulekile ekuboneni kwakho. Ikwahluza imisebe ye-UV eyingozi. Ayimangalisi na?

I-iris yakho ibekwe phambi kwegumbi elizaliswe lulwelo ngaphakathi kweliso lakho (elibizwa ngokuba yi-"Anterior Chamber", equlethe ulwelo olubizwa ngokuba yi-"Aqueous Humor". Emva koko kukho i-"Iris" enika iliso lakho umbala walo, i-"Pupil", kwaye kukho ilensi ngaphakathi kweliso lakho. Ijikeleze i-iris yakho yinxalenye emhlophe yeliso lakho, i-"Sclera".

Enyanisweni, ulusu lolona khuselo lokuqala olufika engqondweni. Yiyo loo nto lusengozini enkulu yokuba neengozi ezincinci kunye nomonakalo. Kodwa kukho iindaba ezimnandi! Ulusu lwakho lunamandla amangalisayo okuzilungisa.

Zithini iileya ze-cornea?

Khawuthelekelele, ngaphakathi kwesi sitho sincinci, kukho ezinye iileya ezintandathu. Ileya nganye inomsebenzi okhethekileyo. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi?

• I-Epithelium: Le yilaphu engaphandle kweliso. Isebenza njengomqobo phakathi kwengaphakathi kweliso nehlabathi langaphandle. Ikwanovelwano kakhulu kwiintlungu. Abaphandi bathi inee-receptor zentlungu eziphindwe ka-300 ukuya kuma-600 kunesikhumba sakho! Olu velwano lukhusela ngokwenene. Kuba unokuziva xa kukho into engalunganga ngeliso lakho, ungayimisa ngokukhawuleza okanye uyisuse.
• Umaleko kaBowman: Olu lulwaleko oluqinileyo olwenziwe ikakhulu yi-collagen. Lunika i-cornea isakhiwo sayo kwaye luyinceda ukuba igcine imo yayo.
• I-Stroma: Le yeyona maleko ityebileyo ye-cornea. Ikwaqinisa ulwakhiwo lwe-cornea. Ikwanceda ekugobeni (ekukhanyeni) ukukhanya kwaye ikujolise kwi-retina yakho.
• Umaleko we-Pre-Descemet (PDL): Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-"Dua's layer". Uphando lubonise ukuba lo umaleko awungeni moya. Oko kukuthi, ngumqobo onamandla kakhulu phakathi kolwelo olungaphakathi kweliso nomoya ongaphandle.
• Umaleko kaDescemet: Lo maleko ubhityile kwaye uguquguqukayo, kodwa unamandla kakhulu. Ubaluleke kakhulu kwisakhiwo seliso. Ukwanceda ekukhuseleni iliso ekwenzakaleni nasekosulelekeni.
• I-Endothelium: Olu layer lunoxanduva lokugcina ulungelelwano lolwelo kwindawo ye-vitreous kunye ne-intraocular. Ikwaqinisekisa ukuba i-stroma inamanzi aneleyo kunye nolwelo olufunekayo ukuze isebenze ngokufanelekileyo.

Nangona umaleko ngamnye unomsebenzi wawo, amandla okwenyani eglasi avela kwindlela ezi maleko zonke ezisebenza ngayo kunye. Kufana "neglasi yelaminate" okanye "iglasi yokhuseleko" kwifestile yemoto. Kulapho kukho umaleko omncinci weplastiki phakathi kwamaleko amabini eglasi, akunjalo? Kunjalo ke.

Ukususela nini eli hlabathi lineziqwenga ezintandathu?

Enyanisweni, le `(umaleko kaPre-Descemet)` yafunyanwa kungekudala. Iphepha lokuqala lophando ngayo lapapashwa ngo-2013. Kusekho impikiswano phakathi kwezinye iingcali malunga nokuba le yimaleko eyahlukileyo, okanye yinxalenye ye`(Stroma)`. (Oko kwakucingwa ngaphambili, kodwa uphando olutsha lubonise ukuba oku kusenokuba kwahlukile).

Nangona kunjalo, uphando lwangoku lubonisa ukuba kukho umahluko obalulekileyo phakathi kwePDL kunye ne-stroma yonke. Oogqirha bamehlo ngoku bacinga ngePDL (nokuba bayicinga njengomaleko owahlukileyo okanye akunjalo) xa becwangcisa utyando lwe-cornea.

Ziziphi izifo eziqhelekileyo ezinokuchaphazela i-cornea?

Ngenxa yokuba i-vagina yakho yindawo ebuthathaka kakhulu, isengozini enkulu yokwenzakala, usulelo, kunye nezinye izifo. Nazi imizekelo embalwa:

• Iliso elomileyo: Iinyembezi zibalulekile ukuze i-epithelium isebenze kakuhle. Iinyembezi zinika iliso umswakama kwaye zincede ekufunxeni ioksijini emoyeni. Amehlo omileyo abuhlungu kwaye anokuphazamisana nokubona.
• Iintsholongwane: Ukuba umphezulu we-cornea wonakele, iintsholongwane – iintsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, iifungi kunye neeparasite – zinokubangela iintsholongwane ngokulula. Umzekelo, yintsholongwane ebangelwa yiparasite ebizwa ngokuba yi-Acanthamoeba keratitis.
• I-Keratitis: I-Keratitis, okanye ukudumba kwe-cornea, inokubangelwa zizifo, ukwenzakala, kunye nezifo ezahlukeneyo.
• Ukulimala: Njengefestile yemoto, amehlo akho anokonakala zizinto zangaphandle kunye neziganeko. Oku kunokubangela ukukrweleka, ukukrazuka, izilonda kunye nokukhuhlana. Khawucinge ukuba bekuya kuba buhlungu kangakanani ukuba isuntswana elincinci lothuli lingena emehlweni akho!
• Ukonakala kwendalo: Ulusu lwakho lunovelwano kakhulu kubushushu obugqithisileyo kunye nokubanda. Ukutsha kolusu (okubangelwa bubushushu okanye imisebe ye-ultraviolet) kuqhelekile. Iikhemikhali (ezilulwelo okanye ezirhabaxa) nazo zinokubangela umonakalo.
• Izifo zesakhiwo `(Dystrophies)`:Kukho izifo ezithile ezichaphazela ulwakhiwo lwe-cornea, indlela edibene ngayo ne-cornea, okanye zombini. Ezi meko zidla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-"Corneal dystrophies". Kukho izifo ezingaphezu kwamashumi amabini ezinjalo, imizekelo yazo yi-"Keratoconus" kunye ne-"Fuchs' dystrophy".

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-cornea?

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango ezikhoyo zeengxaki zomchamo. Ezinye zazo zezi:

• Amayeza afumaneka ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha: Iingxaki ezilula ezifana nokurhawuzelelwa okuncinci kwamehlo kunye namehlo omileyo zinokuncitshiswa ngamayeza alula anokuthengwa kwikhemesti okanye kwivenkile enkulu.
• Amayeza: Iingxaki ezininzi zesikhumba, ingakumbi izifo, zinokunyangwa ngamayeza. Uninzi lwazo luza ngohlobo lweekhrimu okanye amaconsi emehlweni. Ezinye zikwafumaneka njengeepilisi zokuthathwa ngomlomo.
• Izinto zokugquma okanye unyango olunokunxitywa: Umzekelo olula kukusebenzisa i-eye patch ukukhusela iliso nokuligcina livaliwe de inxeba liphole. Unyango olunzima ngakumbi luquka iilensi ze-scleral, iilensi zoqhagamshelwano zebhandishi, kunye nee-grafts ze-amniotic membrane.
• Utyando lwelaser: Olu lutyando lokulungisa umbono. Umqadi welaser usetyenziselwa ukutshintsha imo ye-cornea kunye nokugxila ukukhanya ngendlela eyahlukileyo. I-LASIK luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lotyando lwelaser.
• Utyando lwamehlo: Olu tyando lunokunceda ngeendlela ezininzi, ingakumbi ukulungisa umonakalo nokulungisa iimeko ezithile zamehlo.
• Ukufakelwa kwe-cornea okanye ukubekwa kwe-cornea yokwenziwa: Ekuhambeni kwexesha, i-cornea yakho inokuba namafu okanye ingagxili kakuhle ekukhanyeni. Xa ezi ngxaki zisiba nzima, unokufuna utyando lokutshintsha i-cornea yakho.

Kubalulekile: Iindlela zonyango ezinokunceda kwiimeko zamehlo zixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Imeko yakho ethile, imbali yezonyango, kunye neemeko zakho zobuqu zonke zinokudlala indima. Ke ngoko, ugqirha wakho wamehlo okanye umboneleli wezempilo ngumntu ongcono wokufunda ngakumbi malunga neendlela zonyango ezikulungeleyo.

Ndingayikhusela njani i-cornea yam ekonzakaleni?

Eyona ndlela ibalulekileyo yokukhusela amehlo akho kwiingozi kukunxiba iiglasi zokhuseleko okanye iiglasi zokukhusela amehlo . Nokuba kungomzuzwana okanye emibini, kuthatha imizuzwana embalwa kuphela ukuba kwenzeke ukwenzakala kweliso.

Ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka unxibe isikhuselo samehlo ngala maxesha:

• Xa usebenza ngezixhobo kunye noomatshini:Oku kuqhelekile kwizixhobo ezilula zesandla nakwizixhobo zamandla. Kwanento elula njengokugquma umthi ngephepha lesanti ngaphandle kokhuseleko inokubangela ukutsaleka kwamehlo okanye ukwenzakala okungeyomfuneko.
• Ukulima nokulima: Inkunkuma yamagqabi, iziqwenga zengca, amatye, nomhlaba zonke zinokuba yingozi emehlweni akho xa usebenza egadini okanye ebaleni. Oku kuqhelekile nakwizixhobo kunye noomatshini abanceda ekulimeni, abanjengoomatshini bokusika ingca, abachebi beentambo (okanye abatya ukhula), ii-chainsaws, kunye nabavuthuzi bamagqabi.
• Xa usebenzisa umoya ocinezelweyo okanye amanzi: Imizekelo emibini kukuhlamba ngoxinzelelo kwindawo yabahambi ngeenyawo okanye ukusebenzisa umoya ocinezelweyo ukususa uthuli ngaphakathi kwikhompyutha okanye kwesinye isixhobo se-elektroniki. Uxinzelelo kuzo zombini iimeko lunokubangela amatye amancinci, inkunkuma, okanye uthuli ukuba lube yingozi.
• Xa usebenzisa iikhemikhali ekhaya okanye emsebenzini: Neekhemikhali eziqhelekileyo ezifana ne-bleach kunye ne-drain cleaner zinokungena emehlweni akho, nokuba ulumkile.
• Xa usebenza kufutshane nemithombo yobushushu kunye namalangatye avulekileyo: Ii-receptor zentlungu emehlweni akho zivakalelwa ngakumbi kubushushu kunee-receptor eluswini lwakho. Ukhuseleko lwamehlo lunokukunceda ekukhuselekeni kwiintlungu ezibangelwa ngumsi okanye umonakalo ovela kumsi ovela emlilweni.
• Ukuvezwa kwimitha ye-UV: Imitha ye-UV ebonakala emanzini kunye neendawo ezigqunywe likhephu zinokutshisa i-cornea yakho, nto leyo ebangela ukutsha kwe-cornea okanye i-photokeratitis.
• Xa udlala imidlalo: Iingubo zamehlo ezikhuselayo zinokukukhusela kwizinto ezibhabhayo. Oku kusebenza kwimidlalo efana nebaseball, itenisi, ihoki, i-pickleball, kunye ne-racquetball. Kwakhona, iingubo zamehlo kufuneka zinxitywe rhoqo xa udlala imidlalo ekujoliswe kuyo (ukudubula ngotolo, ukudubula ngetraphu, ukudubula nge-skeet).

Ezinye iingcebiso ezibalulekileyo zokuthintela iingozi:

• Funda imiyalelo: Oku kusebenza kuzo zombini iimatshini kunye neekhemikhali. Iileyibhile zeekhemikhali ziya kukuxelela into omawuyenze ukuba zingena emehlweni akho (kwaye kulula ukufunda iileyibhile ukuba akukho nto ingena emehlweni akho). Kuqhelekile ukufuna ukusebenza ngqo, kodwa ukuyeka ukufunda ileyibhile kunokwenza umahluko omkhulu.
• Sebenzisa uhlobo olufanelekileyo lokukhusela amehlo: Iiglasi zokhuseleko ezineepaneli ezisecaleni okanye izikhuselo zinokukukhusela kwimfucumfucu ebhabhayo evela kubantu abasebenza kufutshane. Iiglasi zeglasi ezinemiphetho yeplastiki ethambileyo ezilingana kakuhle nobuso bakho zilungele ukuthintela iikhemikhali kunye nomsi ukuba ungangeni emehlweni akho.
• Qinisekisa ukuba isikhuselo sakho samehlo sisebenza kakuhle:Izihlangu zokukhusela amehlo azincedi nganto ukuba azikukhuseli. Ngoko ke qiniseka ukuba izihlangu zakho zifanelekile kwinto oyenzayo. Kwiindawo apho kukho ukukhanya kwelanga okuninzi okukhanyayo, qiniseka ukuba iiglasi zakho zelanga zineelensi ezimibalabala. Zingcono ekuthinteleni imisebe ye-UV kuneelensi ezinemibala kuphela.
• Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo xa upheka, usebenzisa izixhobo okanye iikhemikhali: Nokuba usebenza ngezithako eziqatha ekhitshini okanye wenza imisebenzi yasekhaya, izandla ezingahlanjwanga zinokuhambisa iikhemikhali, amasuntswana amancinci kunye nenkunkuma emehlweni akho ngokulula.
• Kufuneka uhlale ufuna ingcebiso kagqirha xa kukho ukutsha okungaphakathi okanye okukufutshane namehlo akho: Nokuba kukutsha okuncinci, ukuba kwenzeka kufutshane okanye emehlweni akho, kufuneka kuphathwe ngendlela efanelekileyo. Soloko usenza iimpazamo xa ufuna ingcebiso kagqirha.
• Musa ukuzifaka emngciphekweni wokuqhuba ngenxa yokwenzakala kweliso: Ukuba kukho naluphi na utshintsho ekuboneni kwakho okanye naziphi na iimpawu zamehlo ocinga ukuba zingabangelwa kukwenzakala, musa ukuqhuba. Awufuni ukubeka wena okanye abanye abantu esichengeni.

Ndingayigcina njani i-cornea yam isempilweni?

Ungenza ezi zinto ukuze uzikhusele kwizifo nakwiimeko ezithile:

• Fumana uhlolo lwamehlo rhoqo: Oku kunokukunceda uchonge iingxaki ezichaphazela umbono wakho (kunye namehlo akho ngokubanzi) ngaphambi kokuba kuvele iimpawu.
• Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo (nokuba awuzichukumisi izinto ezinokukucaphukisa emehlweni): Oku kunokunceda ukuthintela iintsholongwane ezingafunekiyo ukuba zingangeni emehlweni akho.
• Musa ukwabelana ngezinto ezifana nokuthambisa ubuso nabanye: Ukwabelana ngezi zinto kunokusasaza usulelo lwamehlo.
• Nxiba, gcina, kwaye ugcine iilensi zoqhagamshelwano ngokufanelekileyo: Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kuba kukhusela amehlo akho kwizifo ezinzulu. Ezinye izifo zinokubangela umonakalo omkhulu wamehlo kunye nokulahlekelwa yimbono ngonaphakade.
• Kuphephe ukuchukumisa okanye ukukhuhla amehlo akho: Oku kuquka ukukhuhla amehlo akho phezu kweenkophe zakho. Oku kungonakalisa okanye kuwenze buthathaka umphezulu we-cornea ngempazamo.

Zeziphi iimpawu zamehlo ezibonisa ukuba kufuneka ufumane ingcebiso kagqirha?

Kukho iimpawu okanye utshintsho oluninzi olunokubonisa ukuba kufuneka ufune uncedo lwezonyango. Ezi ziquka:

• Utshintsho lombono, oluquka ukubona kabini, ukufiphala, kunye nokuphazamiseka.
• Ukulahlekelwa ngumbono ngequbuliso.
• Ukuziva ngathi kukho into ethile esweni (nokuba uyayibona loo nto okanye awuyiboni - kunokusuka kwintlungu encinci ukuya kwintlungu enzima nenganyamezelekiyo).
• Into yangaphandle onokuyibona, kodwa engenakuyisusa usebenzisa iindlela ezifanelekileyo.
• Intlungu yamehlo.
• Amehlo anamanzi (i-Epiphora).
• Uloyiko lokukhanya (i-Photophobia).
• Ubomvu okanye ukudumba kwamehlo.
• Ukuba ubona igazi okanye ulwelo ngasemva okanye ngaphakathi kweliso lakho, kodwa phambi okanye ngaphandle kwe `(Iris)` okanye `(Umfundi)`.
• Ukuba ubetheka ngqo esweni okanye kufutshane neliso.
• Umngxuma obonakalayo, ukukrazuka, okanye inxeba elisesweni lakho okanye kumphezulu weliso lakho.

Kodwa olu luhlu aluphelelanga. Xa ungaqinisekanga, soloko usenza iimpazamo. Ukwenza njalo kunokwenza umahluko omkhulu ekukhuseleni amehlo akho.

Wenza ntoni ukuba kukho into efika elisweni lakho?

Ukuba uziva ngathi kukho into engalunganga ngelihlo lakho, ungoyiki kwaye uphefumle nzulu. Nazi izinto ezilungileyo onokuzenza nezinye izinto ongafanele uzenze:

Izinto ezilungileyo onokuzenza:

• Okokuqala, hlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha.
• Zama ukuhlamba iliso lakho kancinci ngamanzi acocekileyo. Vumela amanzi angene esweni.
• Ukuba kunokwenzeka, jonga esipilini ubone ukuba kukho into oyibonayo na ngaphakathi kweliso lakho.
• Cela omnye umntu ukuba akujongele yona.
• Ukuba yinto encinci, hambisa amehlo akho ujonge ukuba iyaphela yodwa na.
• Ukuba awukwazi ukuyisusa nangayiphi na indlela, ukuba iliso lakho libuhlungu, okanye ukuba umbono wakho awubonakali kakuhle, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza .

Izinto ekungamele zenziwe:

• Ungaze uhlikihle iliso lakho! Ukwenza njalo kunokutyhala into nzulu elisweni lakho okanye kukrwele i-cornea yakho.
• Musa ukuzama ukutsala amehlo akho ngezinto ezibukhali (ezinjengeentonga okanye izikere).
• Musa ukuchukumisa amehlo akho ngezandla okanye ngelaphu elingcolileyo.
• Ukuba awukwazi ukuyisusa ngokwakho, ungazami ukuyinyanzela.

Ngaba ungabona ngaphandle kwe-cornea?

Hayi. I-cornea yakho yiyo egoba ukukhanya ize ikujolise kwi-retina engasemva kweliso lakho. Ikwakhusela nezinye iindawo ezibuthathaka zeliso lakho. Ngoko ke, ngaphandle kwayo, amehlo akho ebengenakukwazi ukubona kakuhle.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba i-cornea eyonakeleyo iphole?

Iliso lakho linamandla amangalisayo okuziphilisa. Ukulimala kwamehlo amancinci kuyaphola kwiiyure ezimbalwa. Amanye amanxeba angathatha iintsuku ezimbalwa ukuphola. Kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga okanye ezikhethekileyo, kungathatha ixesha elide. Ugqirha wakho wamehlo ngumntu ongcono onokuthetha naye malunga nexesha elifanelekileyo lokuphola, kunye nento onokuyenza ukuze ukuphola kwakho kube lula kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

I-cornea yakho ikhusela ingaphakathi lelihlo lakho, kwaye izele ziziphelo zemithambo-luvo. Xa zisebenza kakuhle, mhlawumbi awucingi ngazo. Kodwa ukuba kukho into engahambi kakuhle kwenye yazo okanye zombini, kunokuba nzima kakhulu kangangokuba awukwazi ukucinga ngenye into.

Ngethamsanqa, amehlo akho anamandla amangalisayo okuphola, kwaye uninzi lwamanxeba lunokuphola kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, ngamanye amaxesha nakwiiyure. Kodwa oko akuyi kwenzeka ukuba awukwenzi oko kufuneka ukwenze ukuze uwanyamekele. Ukuba unengxaki echaphazela amehlo akho, thetha nogqirha wamehlo. Kwakhona, fumana uvavanyo lwamehlo rhoqo. Ukunyamekela amehlo akho kunokunceda ukukhusela ingaphakathi lamehlo akho kwaye kukuncede ubone.

Oko kufuneka sikufunde koku (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, nazi ezinye zezinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule koko sithethe ngako namhlanje:

• I-cornea yakho iluncedo kakhulu kwaye ikhusela iliso lakho. Ifana nefestile yemoto.
• Yenziwe ngamaleko aliqela, ngalinye linomsebenzi othile. Xa zidibene, zikhusela iliso kwaye zikunceda ubone kakuhle.
• Ulusu lunokonakala lula, lusuleleke, kwaye luchaphazeleke zizifo ezahlukeneyo, ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukulunyamekela.
• Ungazikhusela ngokwenza izinto ezilula ezifana nokunxiba iiglasi zokhuseleko, ukuhlamba izandla zakho, nokusebenzisa iilensi zoqhagamshelwano ngokufanelekileyo.
• Ukuba ubona nantoni na engaqhelekanga emehlweni akho (iintlungu, ukubona okufipheleyo, ukuba bomvu), funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko. Ukufunyaniswa kwangoko kulula ukunyanga.
• Ungalibali ukuvavanywa amehlo rhoqo.

Amehlo akho yenye yezona zinto zixabisekileyo onazo, ngoko ke luxanduva lwakho ukuwanyamekela kakuhle.

I- Sclera, i-cornea, impilo yamehlo, izifo zamehlo, ukhuseleko lwamehlo, iileya zamehlo, unyango lwamehlo