Masifunde ngespleen encinci kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wakho.

Ngaba wakha weva ngesitho esincinci esingaphakathi emzimbeni wakho esibizwa ngokuba yiSpleen? Mhlawumbi akunjalo, akunjalo? Kodwa lo mhlobo mncinci usenza umsebenzi omninzi kuthi. Njengesicaka esithuleyo. Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngokufutshane malunga nokuba yintoni ispleen, yintoni eyenzayo, kwenzeka ntoni xa ingena engxakini, nendlela esinokuyinyamekela ngayo.

Yintoni i-spleen? Iphi?

Ngamafutshane, i-spleen yakho sisitho esincinci esikwicala lasekhohlo lembambo yakho, ngaphezulu nje kwesisu sakho. Ilingana ne-avokhado kumntu omdala. Iyinxalenye yenkqubo yakho ye-lymphatic . Inkqubo ye-lymphatic ikwayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yakho yokuzikhusela komzimba . Ngoko ke yenza umsebenzi omninzi obalulekileyo ukugcina umzimba wakho usempilweni.

Khawucinge nje, nangona incinci, umsebenzi ewenzayo awuncinci. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-spleen ifana nomntu osinceda kakhulu ngaphandle kokuba siqaphele. Kukho amaqhawe amaninzi amancinci anje emizimbeni yethu, kwaye i-spleen ngomnye wabantu abanjalo.

Ngoko ke zeziphi iinkonzo ezinikezelwa yi-spleen emzimbeni?

I-spleen ixakekile kakhulu. Makhe sijonge eminye yemisebenzi yayo ephambili.

• Ukugcinwa kwegazi: Kwimeko yongxamiseko, umzekelo, ukuba kukho ukwenzakala okukhulu kwaye kulahleke igazi elininzi, ugcina igazi elithile ukuze alisebenzise. Njengesixhobo songxamiseko ekhayeni lethu.
• Icoca igazi: Inceda ukugcina igazi licocekile ngokususa inkunkuma engafunekiyo, iiseli zegazi ezindala nezonakalisweyo. Isebenza njengomqokeleli wenkunkuma endlwini yethu, njengesihluzo esicoca igazi emzimbeni.
• Yenza iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi kunye nee-antibodies: La ngamajoni alwa neentsholongwane ezinokwenza umzimba wakho ugule. Ngoko ke i-spleen inceda ekwakheni nasekuqeqesheni la majoni. Kufana nomkhosi wokhuselo.
• Ilawula amanqanaba olwelo emzimbeni: Ikwanceda ukugcina ulungelelwano lolwelo emzimbeni, kuquka amanzi kunye nezinye izinto ezilulwelo.
• Ivelisa ii-antibodies zokukhusela kwiintsholongwane: Ngulo mzimba ovelisa ii-antibodies, eziziiproteni ezikhethekileyo ezikukhusela kwizifo ezahlukeneyo. Ezi ziyaziqonda iintsholongwane kwaye zilwe nazo.

Ndiyibonile indlela omkhulu nobaluleke ngayo umsebenzi awenzayo, nangona emncinci. Kufana nomama endlwini yethu, ohleli kude, ejonga yonke into kwaye eqinisekisa ukuba yenziwa ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo.

Zithini iindawo zespleen? Zenza ntoni?

Kukho iindawo ezimbini eziphambili ngaphakathi kwe-spleen. Ezi zimbini zenza imisebenzi eyahlukileyo. Kufana namasebe amabini kwiofisi enye.

1. I-pulp emhlophe: Le yeyona nxalenye iphambili yenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Kulapho kuveliswa khona iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, ingakumbi ii-lymphocytes. Ezi seli ezimhlophe zegazi zenza ii-antibodies kwaye zilwa nosulelo. Cinga ngayo njengesebe lezobuntlola lesiseko somkhosi, lichonga iintshaba kwaye lenze izicwangciso zokuhlasela.

2. I-red pulp: Oku kusebenza njengesihluzo. Kususa inkunkuma egazini, kwaye kususa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezindala okanye ezingasebenzi kakuhle. Ayipheleli apho, le red pulp ikwanceda ekubambeni nasekutshabalaliseni iintsholongwane ezifana neebhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane. Ikwanceda ukugcina izinto ezifana neeseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye neeplatelets.

Ngoko ke la macandelo mabini asebenzisana ukwenza i-spleen yenze umsebenzi wayo obalulekileyo, njengeqela elilungileyo.

Ziziphi izifo kunye neemeko ezichaphazela i-spleen?

Ngelishwa, izifo ezithile, iingxaki, kunye neengozi nazo zinokubangela iingxaki kwi-spleen. Makhe sijonge ezinye zezona ngxaki ziphambili.

I-Splenomegaly

Le yiSplenomegaly . Isplenomegaly inokuba nkulu kunesiqhelo ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Xa oku kusenzeka, unokufumana iintlungu kwicala lasekhohlo lesisu sakho, uzive unzima, kwaye uzive ugcwele nasemva kokutya kancinci. I-Splenomegaly yimeko eyingozi, kuba ngamanye amaxesha isplenomegaly inokuqhekeka okanye iphume igazi.

Kubalulekile: Ukuba ufumanisa ukuba i-spleen yakho idumbile, kufuneka uziphephe izinto ezifana nokuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo kunye nemidlalo enzima, kuba ezo zinto zinokubangela umonakalo kwi-spleen.

Ezinye zezizathu zokudumba kwepleen zezi:

• Umhlaza wegazi: Umzekelo, umhlaza wegazi ofana ne -leukemia kunye ne-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Inokwenzeka nokuba umhlaza oqala kwenye indawo emzimbeni usasazeka (usasazeka) uye kwi-spleen.
• Amahlwili egazi kwipleyini okanye esibindini .
• Ezinye iintlobo ze-anemia: ingakumbi i-hemolytic anemia, imeko apho iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ziqhekeka ngokukhawuleza.
• I-Cystic Fibrosis (CF) sisifo esidluliselwa kwilifa.
• Izifo: Imizekelo ibandakanya i-`mononucleosis (mono)` (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-glandular fever), i-`syphilis` , i-`malaria` , kunye ne - `endocarditis`, usulelo lwengaphakathi lentliziyo.
• Iingxaki zesibindi: Izifo ezibangela ukuba isibindi siqine, ezifana ne -cirrhosis .
• Izifo ze-metabolic ezizuzwe njengelifa: Izifo apho izinto ezithile emzimbeni zingaphulwanga ngokufanelekileyo, njengesifo seGaucher .
• Izifo zokudumba: ezifana ne -sarcoidosis .
• Izifo ezinxulumene neproteni: Izifo apho iiproteni ezingaqhelekanga zigcinwa kwiindawo ezithile zomzimba, ezifana ne -amyloidosis .

I-asplenia esebenzayo

Kule meko, i-spleen ikhona kodwa ayisebenzi kakuhle. Inokuba negalelo elikhulu (hypersplenism) kwaye itshabalalise iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezisempilweni, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kwaneeplatelets. Oku kutshatyalaliswa kakhulu kweeseli zegazi kwandisa umngcipheko wosulelo, kwaye kunokubangela ukukrweleka nokopha. I-asplenia esebenzayo inokubangelwa zezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ingozi okanye ukwenzakala okonakalisa usiba.
• Isifo seCeliac .
• Isifo seSickle Cell .

I-spleen eyonakeleyo okanye eqhekekileyo

Iingozi kunye nokwenzakala kungonakalisa okanye kuqhekeze i-spleen yakho. Izizathu eziqhelekileyo ziquka iingozi zemoto, ukuwa ukusuka phezulu, kunye nokubetheka esiswini. Oku kungaba yimeko esongela ubomi , njengoko kunokubangela ukopha okukhulu ngaphakathi.

Iimpawu zespleen eqhekekileyo ziquka:

• Isantya sentliziyo siyanda.
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza.
• Ukuba nesiyezi, ukuziva ngathi ulahlekelwa zingqondo.
• Intlungu ebukhali phantsi kweembambo kwicala lasekhohlo, ngamanye amaxesha le ntlungu inokusasaza iye egxalabeni lasekhohlo.

Khawucinge nje, inkwenkwana egama linguNimal yabethwa esiswini yibhola ekhawulezayo ngelixa idlala ikhilikithi. Ekuqaleni, ayizange ive nto inkulu, yayinenxeba elincinci nje. Kodwa emva kwexesha elithile, icala lasekhohlo lesisu sayo laqala ukuqaqamba kakhulu, yaziva inesiyezi, kwaye yayibila. Xa abahlobo bayo bamthatha ngokukhawuleza baya esibhedlele, oogqirha bathi ipleen yayo yonakele kancinci kwaye yopha ngaphakathi. Ngethamsanqa, yafumana unyango ngokukhawuleza, ngoko ayizange ibe yingxaki enkulu. Ke ngoko , ukuba ufumana isibetho esinzima esiswini, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba unikele ingqalelo kwiimpawu.

Ndingayigcina njani i-spleen yam isempilweni?

Ukuze ugcine i-spleen yakho, inkqubo ye-lymphatic, kunye nenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela isebenza kakuhle, kufuneka usele amanzi amaninzi, wenze umthambo rhoqo , kwaye ugcine ubunzima obusempilweni. Yitya ukutya okunesondlo kunye neziqhamo nemifuno emininzi. Ezi zizinto ekufuneka sizenze sonke ukuze sihlale sisempilweni ngokubanzi.

• Hlala ukhuselekile: Ziphephe iingozi. Nxiba ibhanti xa uqhuba, kwaye unxibe izixhobo zokuzikhusela xa udlala imidlalo. Ezi zilungele umzimba wonke, kungekuphela nje ipleyini.
• Nciphisa utywala: Ukusela utywala kakhulu kunokonakalisa isibindi, nto leyo enokuchaphazela nespleen.
• Fumana imigonyo efanelekileyo: Ukufumana imigonyo ekhusela kwiintsholongwane ezithile (umz. i-pneumonia, i-meningitis) kubaluleke kakhulu kwabo bane-spleen ebuthathaka.

Ngamafutshane, xa sinyamekela umzimba wethu wonke, i-spleen ikwahlala isempilweni.

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuphila ngaphandle kwepleen?

Nangona i-spleen yenza imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo emzimbeni, kunokwenzeka ukuba uphile ngaphandle kwayo. Oogqirha bayibiza le meko ngokuthi yi-'asplenia' , okanye ukuphila ngaphandle kwe-spleen.

Kunqabile kakhulu ukuba abanye abantu bazalwa bengenaso isinqe. Ngamanye amaxesha, xa isinqe sonakele kakhulu okanye xa kuvela isifo (esifana nomhlaza wegazi okanye isinqe esiqhekekileyo), oogqirha bayasisusa isinqe ngotyando. Olu tyando lubizwa ngokuba yi-spleenectomy . Xa isinqe singasekho, isibindi sithatha imisebenzi emininzi yesinqe, ingakumbi ukususa iiseli zegazi ezindala. Umongo wethambo kunye nee-lymph nodes nazo zithatha eminye yemisebenzi.

Kwakhona, i-spleen iyasuswa njengonyango lwezinye iintlobo ze- thrombocytopenia , ezifana ne -immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) . Ezi zifo zibangela ukwehla kwee -platelet zomzimba. Ii-platelet luhlobo lweeseli zegazi ezinceda ukujiya kwegazi lakho. Kwi-ITP, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela itshabalalisa ii-platelet zayo ngempazamo, kwaye i-spleen yindawo ephambili yokutshatyalaliswa. Ngoko ke ukususa i-spleen kunokunceda ukubuyisela amanqanaba e-platelet.

Zithini iingxaki zomonakalo okanye ukulahleka kwepleen?

Abantu abahlala bengenaso isinqe, okanye abo isinqe sabo singasebenzi kakuhle , basengozini enkulu yokufumana usulelo oluthile, ingakumbi usulelo lweebhaktheriya. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi -Overwhelming Post-Splenectomy Infection (OPSI) . Nangona oku kungaqhelekanga, kunokuba yingozi. Xa isinqe silahlekile okanye sonakele, amandla omzimba okulwa neentlobo ezithile zeebhaktheriya (ingakumbi iStreptococcus pneumoniae, iHaemophilus influenzae type b, kunye neNeisseria meningitidis) ayancitshiswa. Lo mngcipheko uphezulu nangakumbi kubantu abanezinye izifo ezichaphazela inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, njengomhlaza okanye i-HIV .

Ukuba awunayo i-spleen, okanye ukuba i-spleen yakho ayisebenzi kakuhle, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha wakho ukuze akunike ingcebiso. Qiniseka ukuba unolwazi olupheleleyo ngemigonyo yakho ukuze uzikhusele ekuguleni. Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uthathe amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane imihla ngemihla ukukhusela kwiintsholongwane, ingakumbi kumanqanaba okuqala okususwa kwe-spleen yakho okanye kubantwana abancinci. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba unesinye isifo esichaphazela amasosha omzimba wakho. Kukwangumbono olungileyo ukubona ugqirha ngoko nangoko, nokuba unesifo esincinci njengomkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane.

Ndifanele ndibonane nogqirha nini?

Ukuba uneempawu ezibonisa ukuba une-spleen evuvukileyo okanye eqhekekileyo, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza. Ezi mpawu ziquka:

• Ukuziva ugcwele nangona sele utye kancinci (ukuqala kokwanela).
• Ukugruzuka okanye ukopha ngaphandle kwesizathu.
• Intlungu phantsi kwembambo yasekhohlo okanye intlungu ebukhali xa ichukunyiswa.
• Ukudinwa okungenakuchazeka.
• Ukuba ufumana usulelo rhoqo.
• Umkhuhlane kunye neempawu ezifana nomkhuhlane (ingakumbi kwabo bangenayo ipleen).

Ukuba uziva into enjeBonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza, kuba ezinye iimeko zinokuba yingozi. Ugqirha uza kukuhlola aze, ukuba kuyimfuneko, enze iskeni (esifana ne-ultrasound okanye i-CT scan) ukuze kufunyanwe unobangela.

Ndingazi njani ukuba ndisengozini yokuba neengxaki zespleen?

Usenokuba semngciphekweni omkhulu wokuba neengxaki zepleen ukuba uneemeko ezithile zempilo. Umzekelo, ezinye iimhlaza zegazi, isifo seGaucher, okanye i-cystic fibrosis . Kwakhona, abantu abanesimo esingaqhelekanga esibizwa ngokuba yi -hereditary spherocytosis basengozini enkulu yokuba ne-anemia enzima kwaye banokufuna ukuba ipleen yabo isuswe. Ukuba kukho nabani na kusapho lwakho onale ngxaki, thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo.

Kwakhona, abo badlala imidlalo ethile (umz. ihoki, ibhola ekhatywayo, iragbi) basengozini enkulu yokwenzakala kwi-spleen. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuthatha amanyathelo okhuseleko xa udlala imidlalo enjalo.

Okokugqibela, izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka uzikhumbule

I-spleen yakho sisitho esincinci kodwa esibaluleke kakhulu. Isebenza nzima ukulwa nosulelo, ukususa iiseli zegazi ezindala, nokugcina ulwelo lomzimba wakho luhamba kakuhle. Izifo ezininzi, usulelo, kunye nokwenzakala kunokubangela iingxaki kwi-spleen yakho. Ukuba unentlungu, ubunzima, okanye ezinye iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga kwi-rib cage yakho yasekhohlo, bona ugqirha ngoko nangoko. Isenokuba luphawu lwemeko esongela ubomi, efana ne-spleen eqhekekileyo, okanye ingaba luphawu lwenye imeko yezonyango efuna unyango.

Ngoko ke, khathalela umzimba wakho kwaye ulandele indlela yokuphila enempilo. Emva koko i-spleen yakho iya konwaba nayo! Cinga ngalo msebenzi uthuleyo emzimbeni wakho.

` ubende, ukudumba kobende, i-splenomegaly, inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela, i-splenectomy, izifo zobende