Masifunde ngemithambo yegazi emizimbeni yethu.

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba igazi lihamba njani emizimbeni yethu? Imizimba yethu yenziwe ngenethiwekhi yeendlela ezincinci, njengeetyhubhu ezithwala igazi. Le mibhobho yegazi siyibiza ngokuba yiyo. Le yileyo ithwala igazi lisuka entliziyweni yethu ukuya kuzo zonke iindawo zomzimba wethu lize libuyele entliziyweni yethu. Le mibhobho yegazi ifana nezithunywa ezibalulekileyo ezigcina imizimba yethu iphila.

Zithini imithambo yegazi? Zithini iintlobo zayo?

Ngamafutshane, imithambo yegazi yinkqubo yeetyhubhu ezincinci ezithwala igazi emzimbeni wakho wonke. Zifana neepayipi ezithwala amanzi, kodwa zithwala igazi elinika ubomi. Le nkqubo ifana nomjikelo ovaliweyo; iqala entliziyweni yakho, ihambe emzimbeni wakho wonke, ize ibuyele entliziyweni yakho. Intliziyo yakho kunye nale mithambo yegazi yenza inkqubo yakho yokujikeleza kwegazi . Khawucinge nje, kukho malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-60,000 zemithambo yegazi emizimbeni yethu! Yileyo ndlela ubude bayo, akunjalo?

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zemithambo yegazi. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi:

• Imithambo : Le yimibhobho eqinileyo neyomeleleyo ethwala igazi elicocekileyo, elineoksijini ukusuka entliziyweni ukuya emzimbeni wonke. Le mithambo ifana neendlela ezinkulu emizimbeni yethu. Yomelele kakhulu kwaye ineendonga eziqinileyo kuba kufuneka ithwale igazi elimpontshwa yintliziyo ngesantya esiphezulu.
• Imithambo : Le ithwala igazi elingcolileyo nelingenawo umoya-mpilo lisuka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba libuyele entliziyweni. Imithambo ifana nemithambo yegazi emincinci. Okuyenza ibe yekhethekileyo kukuba inenkqubo yeevalvu ezincinci ngaphakathi kuyo zokuthintela igazi ukuba lingahambi libuyele umva.
• IiCapillaries : Le yimithambo yegazi emincinci emzimbeni. Ngokukodwa, yiyo edibanisa imithambo yegazi kunye nemithambo yegazi. Ineendonga ezincinci kakhulu, ngoko ke kulula kakhulu ukuba ioksijini, izondlo, i-carbon dioxide , kunye nenkunkuma zingene ziphume egazini.

Oodade abancinci bemithambo yegazi: ii-arterioles

Njengoko imithambo yegazi isasazeka emzimbeni wonke, isasazeka ibe ngamasebe amancinci nangakumbi. Njengamasebe esebe elikhulu lomthi. Siwabiza loo masebe amancinci ngokuba zii-arterioles. Athambile kakhulu kwaye aguquguquka. Anokuba makhulu nangakumbi. Yile ndlela anceda ngayo ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi .

Imijelo yomchamo edibanisa imithambo: IiVenule

Sibiza ii-venule ngokuthi yimithambo emincinci eqokelela igazi kwii-capillaries ize ilithwale iye kwimithambo . Le mithambo isebenza njengemijelo emincinci edibanayo ukuze yenze umlambo omkhulu.

Kwenzeka ntoni kwimithambo yegazi?

Ngamafutshane, umsebenzi ophambili wemithambo yegazi kukubonelela ngegazi kuwo onke amalungu omzimba kunye nezicubu zomzimba wethu. Oku kungenxa yokuba eli gazi liqulethe ioksijini kunye nezondlo ezifunekayo ukuze la malungu asebenze. Kanye njengokuba sifuna ukutya kunye neziselo ukuze siphile, ezi zinto zibalulekile nakwizitho zomzimba wethu. Kwakhona, omnye umsebenzi obalulekileyo wemithambo yegazi kukubuyisa imveliso yenkunkuma kunye nekhabhoni diokside eveliswa kwezi zitho kunye nezicubu kwaye incede ukuba izikhuphe emzimbeni.

Ziphi ezi mithambo yegazi?

Ukuba uzibuza ukuba le mibhobho yegazi ikuphi emzimbeni wethu, impendulo ikuyo yonke indawo! Ukuqala kwimithambo yegazi emikhulu, ikhula ibe ngamasebe amancinci, ize isasazeke emzimbeni wonke njengentambo yesigcawu. Le yindlela ilungu ngalinye kunye neseli emzimbeni wethu efumana ngayo igazi. Ubusazi, kukho iibhiliyoni zale mibhobho yegazi emzimbeni wethu! Uninzi lwayo yileyo mincinci ebizwa ngokuba yi- 'Capillaries' , 'Venule', kunye ne-'Arterioles' esithethe ngayo ngaphambili. Le mincinci iqhagamshelwe kwimithambo yegazi emikhulu eyi-160 kuphela kunye nemithambo yegazi engama-200 kuphela.

Umthambo obalulekileyo nomkhulu emzimbeni wethu yi -aorta, okanye oko sikubiza ngokuba yi-`(Aorta)`. Le yindlela ephambili esasaza igazi elicocekileyo ukusuka entliziyweni ukuya emzimbeni wonke. Le aorta idlula esifubeni, nge-diaphragm, yehla ngesisu (isisu), ize yahlulwe ibe ngamasebe amabini kwi-pelvis (`Pelvis`), inika igazi emzimbeni ongezantsi nasemilenzeni.

Ngokufanayo, umthambo oyintloko emzimbeni wethu yi-vena cava, okanye `(iVena Cava)`. Ineenxalenye ezimbini. I-`Superior Vena Cava` ikwicala eliphezulu lasekunene lesifuba. Izisa igazi elingcolileyo elivela entloko, entanyeni, ezingalweni, nasesifubeni liye entliziyweni. I-`Inferior Vena Cava` ikwicala lasekunene. Izisa igazi elivela emilenzeni, ezinyaweni, esiswini, nasesinqeni libuyele entliziyweni.

Yenziwa njani imithambo yegazi? Zithini iileya zayo?

Ngaba wakha waxobula itswele? Linee-layer, akunjalo? Ngokufanayo, imithambo yethu yegazi yenziwe ngee-layer ezintathu eziphambili zezicubu. Ezi-layer ziyadibana ukuze zenze udonga lwemithambo yegazi. Masibone ukuba zeziphi:

• I-Tunica intima : Le yingqimba engaphakathi. Njengoko igazi lihamba, lichukumisa le ngqimba. Ithambile kakhulu. Uyazi ntoni? Igazi kufuneka lihambe kakuhle, ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Ikwalawula uxinzelelo lwegazi.Le ``Tunica intima`` ikwanceda ekuthinteleni ukujiya kwegazi nokuthintela ubuthi ukuba bungangeni egazini.

• Imidiya : Olu lulwelo oluphakathi. Lunemicu ethambileyo, eyimicu eyolulekileyo, kunye nemicu yemisipha. Ezi zivumela imithambo yegazi ukuba yande kwaye inciphe. Omnye umsebenzi obalulekileyo wale lelo kukunceda ukugcina igazi lihamba kwicala elinye. Luyanwebeka kwaye lunciphe njengebhanti yerabha xa kufuneka.

• I-Adventitia : Le yilaphu engaphandle. Iqulethe imithambo-luvo kunye neminye imithambo yegazi emincinci. Le laphu kulapho imithambo yegazi ifumana khona ioksijini kunye nezondlo, kwaye ikwanceda ekususeni inkunkuma. Ngokwenyani, laphu engaphandle, ebizwa ngokuba yi-adventitia, inika imithambo yegazi amandla, ulwakhiwo kunye nokhuseleko.

Ibonakala njani imithambo yegazi?

Kaloku, zibukeka njani ezi veins zegazi? Zihlala zimile okwe "tube". Nangona kunjalo, azisoloko zihamba ngomgca othe tye, kodwa zihamba ngendlela ejijekileyo nejikajikayo emzimbeni wonke. Eminye yeveins zegazi ezinkulu, ingakumbi imithambo, ibonakala kuthi phantsi kolusu lwethu. Ngaba wakha wanikela ngegazi? Okanye wakha watsalwa igazi lakho ukuze kwenziwe uvavanyo? Usenokuba ukhe waphawula imithambo eluhlaza ngaphakathi kwengalo yakho, akunjalo? Ezo yimithambo. Akumangalisi na ukuba nangona igazi lethu libomvu, libukeka liluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka phantsi kolusu?

Ingaba imithambo yegazi nayo ivelisa izifo? Zithini ezo?

Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo. Njengayo yonke inxalenye yomzimba wethu, imithambo yegazi inokuhlaselwa zizifo ezahlukeneyo kunye neengxaki. Makhe sijonge ezinye zezona meko zixhaphakileyo:

• I-Aneurysm : Oku kwenzeka xa udonga lomthambo luba buthathaka okanye lonakele, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ludumbe ngaphandle, lwenze i-bulge efana nebhaluni. Oku kunokwenzeka kumthambo naphi na emzimbeni. Eyona nto iyingozi kukuba ukuba i-aneurysm iyadubula, inokubangela ukopha okukhulu emzimbeni. Inokuba yingozi ebomini.

• Izifo zemithambo : Olu didi luquka izifo ezininzi eziphambili. Imizekelo ibandakanya isifo semithambo yentliziyo (CAD), isifo semithambo yentliziyo (CAD), kunye nesifo semithambo yentliziyo (PAD). Zonke ezi zifo zibandakanya ukucutheka kancinci kwemithambo yentliziyo. Oku kudla ngokubangelwa yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-atherosclerosis.

• I-Atherosclerosis : Ngamafutshane, le yimeko apho amafutha, i-cholesterol, kunye nezinye izinto zakha ngaphakathi kweendonga zemithambo yegazi, njengothuli oluvala umbhobho, nto leyo ebangela ukuba imithambo yegazi inciphe kwaye iqine. Ezi plaque sizibiza ngokuba ziidiphozithi.Oku kwandisa umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa yintliziyo okanye isifo sohlangothi .

• Amahlwili egazi : Ngamanye amaxesha amahlwili egazi anokwenzakala kwimithambo yegazi okanye kwimithambo yegazi. La mahlwili anokuthintela ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye ukuhamba kwegazi. Oku kunokukhokelela kwiimeko eziyingozi ezifana ne-deep vein thrombosis (DVT), i-pulmonary embolism, i-stroke, okanye ukuvaleka ngokupheleleyo kwemithambo yegazi.

• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (`Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu / Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu`) : Uninzi lwenu kufuneka ukuba lukhe lweva ngale nto. Kulapho uxinzelelo lwegazi oluvela eludongeni lwemithambo yegazi ludlula khona umgangatho oqhelekileyo. Ukuba oku akulawuleki ixesha elide, kungonakalisa intliziyo, izintso, amehlo, kwanobuchopho.

• Isifo sikaRaynaud : Le meko yenzeka xa imithambo emincinci eluswini iqina ngequbuliso. Oku kwenzeka ngakumbi xa ujongene nomkhuhlane okanye xa uxinezelekile. Iminwe yakho inokuba mhlophe, iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kwaye ingabi nanto.

• Imithambo yeVaricose : Oku kukwayinto ebonwa ngabantu abaninzi. Ingakumbi emilenzeni, imithambo ibonakala ijijekile, ivuvukile, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha inamaqhina. Oku kunokubangela iintlungu kunye nokuziva ubunzima emilenzeni.

• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwemithambo yegazi : Oku kukungadibani kakuhle kwemithambo yegazi okanye ukungadibani kakuhle kwayo. Umzekelo yimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-arteriovenous malformations. Ezi zihlala zizalwa nazo .

• I-Vasculitis : Ngamafutshane, oku kukudumba kwemithambo yegazi. Oku kunokubangela ukuba iindonga zemithambo yegazi ziqine kwaye zinciphe, nto leyo enokuthintela ukuhamba kwegazi.

Uyazi njani ukuba kukho into engalunganga? Zithini iimpawu?

Iimpawu zezifo zemithambo yegazi zingahluka kakhulu. Kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo kunye nokuba sibi kangakanani. Ngamanye amaxesha, njengee-aneurysms esithethe ngazo, okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwemithambo yegazi, kusenokungabikho zimpawu konke konke de kube yingxaki enkulu.

Kodwa, ngokubanzi, ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu, kungcono ukubona ugqirha ukuze akunike iingcebiso:

• Umbala wolusu uyatshintsha, umzekelo, ujike ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
• Ukubanda okanye ukungakhululeki emilenzeni, ezingalweni, ezinyaweni, okanye ezintendeni zezandla.
• Ubunzima bokwenza imisebenzi eqhelekileyo yomzimba.
• Ukuziva udiniwe ngalo lonke ixesha (`Ukudinwa`).
• Intlungu esifubeni, esiswini, ezingalweni, okanye emilenzeni.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla, uzive ngathi uphefumla nzima ('Ukuphelelwa ngumphefumlo').

Kubalulekile:Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu zingezantsi, kubalulekile ukuba ufune uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza! Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zesimo esiyingozi.

• Ukuziva unesizungu ngequbuliso, kunzima ukuthetha, okanye ukuqonda oko kuthethwayo.
• Ukungaziva ngqindilili kunye nobuthathaka kwelinye icala lomzimba.
• Ukulahlekelwa ngequbuliso okanye ukungaboni kakuhle.
• Ubunzima bokuhamba, ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi.
• Ukudinwa okanye ukuquleka.
• Ukuziva ngathi intliziyo yakho ibetha ngokukhawuleza (`Intliziyo ekhawulezayo`).
• Intlungu ebuhlungu esifubeni, emqolo ongasentla, ezingalweni, okanye emilenzeni.
• Ukwanda ngequbuliso okanye ukuqala ngokutsha kokuphelelwa ngumphefumlo.
• Ukudumba kwezandla okanye iinyawo (`Edema`).

Ngoko ke, singayigcina njani le mithambo yegazi ixabisekileyo isempilweni?

Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba zininzi izinto ezilula esinokuzenza ukugcina imithambo yegazi yethu isempilweni. Ukuba siyenza le mikhwa ibe ngumkhwa, singabona umahluko omkhulu.

• Landela ukutya okunempilo: Khetha ukutya okune-sodium encinci (ityuwa), i-cholesterol, kunye namafutha agcweleyo. Faka iziqhamo, imifuno, iimbotyi, ukutya okune-fiber ephezulu, kunye nentlanzi ekutyeni kwakho.
• Yiba nomdla womzimba: Zama ukuzilolonga ubuncinane imizuzu eli-150 ngeveki. Ungakhetha into efana nokuhamba ngokukhawuleza, ukubaleka, ukudada, okanye ukukhwela ibhayisekile.
• Lawula uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi, iswekile yegazi, kunye namanqanaba e-cholesterol: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina ezi zinto zikwinqanaba elifanelekileyo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, thatha amayeza njengoko uyalelwe ngugqirha wakho.
• Ziphephe ngokupheleleyo iimveliso zecuba: Ukutshaya yenye yezona ntshaba zinkulu zemithambo yegazi.
• Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala: Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala kangangoko unako, okanye okungcono nangakumbi, yeka ngokupheleleyo.

Ngoko ke, zeziphi izinto ekufuneka sizikhumbule kwizinto esithethe ngazo namhlanje?

Imithambo yegazi ethwala igazi emizimbeni yethu ibalulekile ukuze siphile. Inika amalungu ethu nezicubu ioksijini kunye nezondlo, kwaye ikwanceda ekususeni inkunkuma.

Nangona kunjalo, le mithambo yegazi inokuba nezifo ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye zazo, umzekelo, ukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi (ukuvaleka) okanye ukwanda (ukwanda), zinokuba yingozi nakubomi.

Ngoko ke, ungayigcina inkqubo yakho yentliziyo ikwimeko entle ngokulandela imikhwa yokuphila enempilo. Izinto ezilula ezifana nokutya okunesondlo, ukuzilolonga rhoqo, ukuphepha ukutshaya, kunye nokunciphisa utywala kunokwenza umahluko omkhulu. Nyamekela umzimba wakho, kuba impilo yeyona nto ibalulekileyo!

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