Imithambo yegazi emincinci emzimbeni wethu: Konke malunga nee-capillaries eziqhubekayo!

Ngaba wakha wacinga ngemithambo yegazi emincinci engaphakathi emizimbeni yethu? Njengenethiwekhi yeendlela ezincinci ezisasazeke kulo lonke ilizwe, le yileyo ithwala izondlo kunye neoksijini kwiiseli zethu. IiCapillaries ziphakathi kwezona mithambo yegazi ibalulekileyo, emincinci. Phakathi kwezi capillaries, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngohlobo oluqhelekileyo nolukhethekileyo lweecapillaries, "iiCapillaries eziqhubekayo". Masithethe ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Zithini ezi 'Continuous Capillaries'?

Ngamafutshane, ii-capillaries eziqhubekayo zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo ze-capillary emzimbeni wethu. Njengeminye imithambo yegazi, zizaliswe luhlobo oluthile lweeseli ezibizwa ngokuba zii-endothelial cells. Zibizwa ngokuba "ziyaqhubeka" kuba iiseli zisondelelene kakhulu, phantse zilandelelana, ngaphandle kwezithuba. Oku kuthetha ukuba akukho zithuba zikhulu eludongeni, kwaye iiseli ziqhagamshelwe rhoqo.

Cinga ngale ndlela, le yeyona mithambo yegazi mincinci emzimbeni wethu. Le yileyo ithwala igazi, izondlo kunye neoksijini kwiiseli zethu. Le yiyunithi encinci kwinkqubo yethu yemithambo yegazi.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo zee-capillaries eziqhubekayo?

Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zezi capillaries eziqhubekayo. Masibone ukuba zeziphi.

1. Ii-capillaries ezingavuthwanga rhoqo:

Ezi ntlobo zee-capillaries zinemingxuma emincinci, okanye ii-intracellular clefts, phakathi kwee-endothelial cells ezenza iindonga. Ezi mingxuma zincinci kangangokuba kuphela amasuntswana amancinci kakhulu afana namanzi, i-glucose, ii-hormones, kunye neegesi ezinokudlula. Zisebenza njengabagcini-masango abavumela kuphela izinto ezikhethiweyo. Sibona ezi ntlobo zee-capillaries kwinkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo, ulusu, kunye nemiphunga .

2. Ii-capillaries ezihlala ziqinile:

Ezi ntlobo zee-capillaries zinemingxuma emikhulu, njengeefestile ezincinci ('iifenestrations'), phakathi kweeseli. Ngenxa yezi "festile," izondlo kunye nezinye izinto ezisegazini zinokuhamba ngokukhawuleza . Zifana neziko lokutshintshiselana elixakekileyo. Zifumaneka ngakumbi kwizintso zethu, emathunjini amancinci, nakwiindlala ze-endocrine . Kuba la malungu afuna ukutshintshiselana kwezinto ngokukhawuleza.

Ukongeza kwezi ntlobo zimbini, kukho olunye uhlobo olubizwa ngokuba yi-"Sinusoidal capillaries". Kodwa aziqhubeki, zinezikhewu ezinkulu kunye nemingxuma. Ezi zinokubonakala kwiindawo ezifana nesibindi, i-spleen, i-lymph nodes, kunye nomongo wethambo. Kodwa namhlanje sigxile ngakumbi kwi-capillaries eziqhubekekayo.

Iyintoni indima yee-capillaries eziqhubekayo?

Ezi capillaries zincinci neziqhubekekayo zezona zidibanisa imithambo yegazi kunye nemithambo yenkqubo yethu yokujikeleza kwegazi.. Cinga ngale ndlela: imithambo yegazi ifana neendlela ezinkulu ezithwala igazi elicocekileyo, elineoksijini lisuka entliziyweni lisiya emzimbeni wonke. Imithambo yegazi yindlela ethwala igazi elisetyenzisiweyo, elingenaoksijini, neligcwele inkunkuma libuyela entliziyweni. Phakathi kwezo ndlela zimbini zinkulu, ezi capillaries ziindlela ezincinci ezisecaleni ezivumela ukuba izinto zitshintshiselwe kwinqanaba leeseli.

Umsebenzi wazo ophambili kukuncedisa ekuqokeleleni izinto ezahlukeneyo emzimbeni zingene egazini, zize zisuswe egazini, zize zisiwe kumalungu omzimba . Kufana nenkonzo yokuhambisa.

Ezi zinto zinceda njani amanye amalungu omzimba?

Ii-capillaries eziqhubekayo zixhasa amalungu amaninzi abalulekileyo kunye neenkqubo emzimbeni wethu. Makhe sibone ukuba njani:

• Ubuchopho: Ebuchotsheni, ezi capillaries ziyadibana ukuze zenze umqobo okhethekileyo wokukhusela, obizwa ngokuba ``ngumqobo wegazi-ubuchopho.'' Oku kuthintela izinto ezinobungozi ukuba zingangeni engqondweni.
• Inkqubo ye-endocrine: Iihormone zizithunywa zeekhemikhali ezilawula imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo emizimbeni yethu. Ezi hormone zithunyelwa kumalungu afanelekileyo ngezi capillaries.
• Izintso: Ii-capillaries ezikhethekileyo kwizintso (ii-peritubular capillaries) zinceda ekuhluzeni igazi, ekwenzeni umchamo, nasekufunxeni izinto ezifana ne-sodium namanzi zibuyele emzimbeni.
• Imiphunga: Xa siphefumla, ioksijini esiyiphefumlayo yongezwa egazini kwaye ikharbon diokside egazini isuswa ngezi capillaries ezikwimiphunga.
• Amathumbu amancinci: Emva kokuba sityile ukutya esikutyayo, la ma-capillaries anceda iiseli zethu ukuba zifunxe izondlo ezivela kuko.

Luluphi ulwalamano phakathi kwee-capillaries kunye nomqobo wegazi-ubuchopho?

Le yinto ekhethekileyo kakhulu. Umqobo wegazi nobuchopho okhusela ubuchopho bethu wenziwe ngala ma-capillaries angenawo umoya ophilayo esithethe ngawo ngaphambili. La ma-capillaries akhetha kakhulu ekuvumeleni izinto zingene engqondweni. Avumela kuphela izinto ezibalulekileyo ezifana namanzi neoksijini ukuba zidlule zisuka egazini ziye engqondweni, ngelixa ethintela iityhefu nezinto ezibangela izifo ukuba zingangeni engqondweni . Kufana nomnyango okhuselekileyo wengqondo. Oku kukhusela ubuchopho kwiingozi nezifo.

Injani imilo yee-capillaries eziqhubekayo?

Cinga ngendlela ezi capillaries zincinci ngayo! Zihlala zinobubanzi obuyi- 8 ukuya kwi-10 micrometers kuphela . I micrometer yi-1000th ye-millimeter (0.001 mm). Malunga nobubanzi be-cotton swab! Iiseli zethu ezibomvu zegazi kufuneka zihambe phakathi kwezi capillaries ngomgca omnye , yiyo loo ndlela zithambile ngayo.

Ezi capillaries eziqhubekayo zenziwe ikakhulu ngamacandelo amathathu:

1. Iiseli ze-Endothelial: Ezi ziiseli eziphambili ezenza iindonga zee-capillaries. Zifana nomaleko weeseli ojikeleze ngaphakathi kwetyhubhu.

2. I-basement membrane: Le yilaphu eqhubekayo yezicubu zeseli ezixhasa iiseli ze-endothelial.

3. IiPericytes:Ezi ziiseli ezijikeleze ngaphandle kweendonga ze-capillary. Ezi seli zinokufinyela, oko kuthetha ukuba zinokuncipha. Oku kukwavumela ukuba zilawule ukuhamba kwegazi.

Ziziphi izifo ezinokuvela ezinxulumene nezi capillaries?

Ngelishwa, ezi capillaries zincinci kodwa zibaluleke kakhulu zinokuba ngumthombo weengxaki ezahlukeneyo zempilo. Ezinye zazo zisenokuba zezemfuza, oko kuthetha ukuba zidluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana.

Iimeko ezibangelwa zizizathu zemfuza:

• Ukukhubazeka kwemithambo yegazi (AVM): Kule meko, imithambo yegazi kunye nemithambo yegazi ebuchotsheni okanye emgogodleni iyabhidana, nto leyo evumela igazi ukuba lihambe ngee-capillaries.
• I-Capillary angiosarcoma: Uhlobo lomhlaza olukhula kwiiseli ze-endothelial.
• I-telangiectasia ye-Hereditary hemorrhagic (i-Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome): Esi sisifo semithambo yegazi esizuzwe njengelifa apho ukukhula kwemithambo yegazi okungaqhelekanga (ii-telangiectases) kuvela khona kwaye kunokuqhuma.
• Ukuwohloka kwe-macular: Ukonakala kwenxalenye ye-retina engaphakathi kweliso. Oku kunokubangelwa kukuvuza kwegazi kwi-capillaries.
• I-Microcephaly-capillary malformation syndrome: Kule meko, abantwana abazalwa benentloko encinci ngokungaqhelekanga banokuba ne-capillaries ekhulisiweyo.

Iimeko ezibangelwa zizizathu ezingezizo ezemfuza:

Ezi azizuzisi ilifa, kodwa zinokwenzeka ngenxa yezinye izizathu.

• Ii-capillaries ezaphukileyo: Ukonakala kwemithambo yegazi emincinci phantsi kolusu. Oku ngamanye amaxesha kunokwenzeka xa ukhohlela kakhulu okanye uhlanza.
• I-Capillary leak syndrome: Oku kunokubangela ukwehla ngequbuliso koxinzelelo lwegazi. Ngamanye amaxesha, unyango olungxamisekileyo lunokufuneka.
• I-Spider nevus (`Spider nevus` / `Spider angioma` / `Spider telangiectasia`): Imithambo yegazi emincinci ephuma kwindawo enye, efana nemilenze yesigcawu. Le idla ngokubonakala ebusweni, entanyeni nasesifubeni.
• I-hemangiomas yestrawberry: Imithambo yegazi ebomvu eqaqambileyo neqokeleleneyo ibonakala kumphezulu wesikhumba.
• I-Vasculitis: Ukudumba kwemithambo yegazi. Oku kunokuchaphazela nee-capillaries. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, iingxaki ezinje ngokugqabhuka okanye ukuvaleka zinokwenzeka.

Ngaba iingxaki ngee-capillaries eziqhubekayo zinokubangela ezinye izifo ezinzulu?

Izazinzulu zisaphanda oku, kodwa zicinga ukuba ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwee-capillaries eziqhubekayo kunokunxulunyaniswa neemeko ezifana nezi:

• Isifo sika-Alzheimer
• Istroke
• I-dementia yemithambo yegazi

Kufuneka uphando olongezelelekileyo ukuze kufunyanwe okungakumbi ngezi zinto.

Sizinyamekela njani ezi mithambo yegazi mincinci?

Luxanduva lwethu ukunyamekela ii-capillaries zethu, ezenza umsebenzi obaluleke kangaka emizimbeni yethu. Nazi ezinye zezinto ezilula onokuzenza:

• Ukuba uyatshaya, cinga ngokuyeka . Kunjalo nangokusebenzisa iimveliso zecuba.
• Ziqhelise indlela yokuphila esebenzayo . Oko kuthetha izinto ezifana nokuzilolonga nokuhamba.
• Zama ukugcina ubunzima bakho busempilweni .
• Lumka malunga nobungakanani botywala obuselayo.

Ukongeza, kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga nazo naziphi na iimeko ezinokuchaphazela impilo yemithambo yegazi yakho kwaye uzilawule. Ezi ziquka:

• Isifo seswekile
• Igazi elonyukayo
• I-cholesterol ephezulu
• Uxinzelelo

Xa ezi zinto zilawulwa, zikwanceda nee-capillaries.

Ungaziphepha njani ii-capillaries eziphukileyo ebusweni?

Ingxaki abantu abaninzi abanayo zii-capillaries ezincinci ezifana nomsonto obomvu ezibonakala phantsi kolusu ebusweni babo. Nazi ezinye zezinto ezinokunceda ukuthintela ukuba ezi zinto zingaphuki:

• Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kotywala.
• Yeka ukutshaya.
• Ukuba unesifo solusu esifana ne-rosacea, yifumane inyango efanelekileyo.
• Xa uphuma elangeni, sebenzisa i-sunscreen ene-widespectrum ekhusela kwi-UVA kunye ne-UVB .
• Xa uhlamba ubuso bakho, hlambulula kancinci nangobunono, ngaphandle kokubuhlikihla ngamandla.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Ngoko ke, ii-capillaries eziqhubekayo zinethiwekhi yemithambo yegazi emincinci kakhulu, kodwa ebaluleke kakhulu ethwala igazi, izondlo, kunye neoksijini ukuya kwiiseli zethu. Njengoko sibonile, kukho iintlobo ezimbini zezi (eziqhubekayo ezifakwe i-fenestrated kunye neziqhubekayo ezingefakwe i-fenestrated) ezinemisebenzi ethile.

Khumbula, la ma-capillaries mancinci achaphazela impilo yethu iyonke. Ngoko ke, ngokulandela indlela yokuphila enempilo, ungabanyamekela kakuhle aba bahlobo bancinci. Ukuba unemibuzo okanye amathandabuzo malunga noku, ungaze ungathandabuzi ukuthetha nogqirha.

Ii- Capillaries, ii-capillaries eziqhubekayo, imithambo yegazi, ukujikeleza kwegazi, impilo, iiseli ze-endothelial, umqobo wegazi-ubuchopho