Masifumanise ukuba zithini kanye kanye ezi zinto malunga nezintso zakho.

Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesitho esibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Oko kukuthi izintso. Usenokuba ukhe weva ngezintso, kodwa uyazi ukuba umsebenzi wazo unzima kangakanani kwaye uchaphazela kangakanani impilo yethu? Masithethe ngazo zonke ezi zinto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Zithini izintso?

Ngamafutshane, izintso zizinto ezimbini ezimile okwembotyi ezihluza igazi lakho kwaye zicoceke. Ziyinxalenye ephambili yenkqubo yakho yomchamo.

Khawucinge nje, izintso zakho zihluza malunga neelitha ezingama-200 zolwelo ngosuku. Oko kwanele ukuzalisa ibhafu enkulu! Kule nkqubo, izintso zisusa inkunkuma, ekhutshwa emzimbeni njengomchamo. Uninzi lwabantu lukhupha malunga neelitha ezimbini zomchamo ngosuku. Ezinye iilitha ezili-198 zolwelo ziphinda zifunxwe emzimbeni.

Izintso zikwanceda ekugcineni ulungelelwano lwamanzi (uninzi lwamanzi) kunye nee-electrolytes emzimbeni wakho. Ezi electrolytes ziiminerali ezibalulekileyo ezifana ne-sodium kunye ne-potassium.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuba neengxaki zezintso?

Abantu abanesifo seswekile okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu basengozini enkulu yokuba neengxaki zezintso. Ukongeza, iingozi, iingozi zeemoto, kunye nokwenzakala kwezemidlalo nako kunokubangela umonakalo kwizintso.

Kwenzeka ntoni ngokwenene kwizintso?

Izintso zakho zenza imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukucoca iityhefu kunye nenkunkuma egazini. Ezi ziquka iimveliso zenkunkuma ye-nitrogen (urea), iimveliso zenkunkuma yemisipha (creatinine), kunye nee-asidi. Cinga ngale ndlela: malunga nesiqingatha sekomityi yegazi sihluzwa ngezintso umzuzu ngamnye.

Nantsi indlela eyenzeka ngayo le nkqubo:

• Igazi lihamba liye kwizintso ngomthambo omkhulu wegazi obizwa ngokuba yi-renal artery.
• Eli gazi emva koko lihluzwa ngemithambo yegazi emincinci kakhulu kwizintso.
• Igazi elihluziwe ngolu hlobo libuyela kwinkqubo yakho yokujikeleza kwegazi ngomnye umthambo wegazi omkhulu obizwa ngokuba yi-renal vein.
• Umchamo oveliswayo uhamba ngeetyhubhu zemisipha ezibizwa ngokuba zii-ureters ukuya kwisinyi. Isinyi sigcina umchamo ude uchame.

Ezinye izinto ezenzekayo kwizintso ziquka:

• Ilawula ibhalansi ye-acid-base (ibhalansi ye-pH) yegazi lakho.
• Ukuba akukho shukela yaneleyo egazini, kuveliswa iswekile (iglucose).
• Ivelisa iproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-renin, eyonyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi.
• Ivelisa iihomoni ezimbini ezibizwa ngokuba yi-calcitriol kunye ne-erythropoietin. I-Calcitriol luhlobo lwe-vitamin D enceda umzimba ukuba ufunxe i-calcium. I-Erythropoietin inceda umzimba ukuba wenze iiseli ezibomvu zegazi.

Ngaphezulu kwezintso nganye kukho i-adrenal gland. Oku kuvelisa iihomoni ezifana ne-cortisol. I-Cortisol yihomoni enceda umzimba wakho ukuba uphendule kuxinzelelo.

ICortisol ikwabandakanyeka kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ilawula imetabolism.
• Inciphisa ukudumba.
• Ilawula uxinzelelo lwegazi.
• Ukunyusa amanqanaba eswekile egazini.

Izintso zam zihluza njani igazi?

Intso nganye ineeyunithi zokucoca ezingaphezulu kwesigidi ezibizwa ngokuba zii-nephrons. I-nephron yenziwe ngezi nxalenye:

• I-Glomeruli : Ezi zizakhiwo ezenziwe ngemithambo yegazi emininzi emihle kakhulu. Inqanaba lokuqala lokuhluzwa kwegazi lenzeka apha. Izinto ezihluziweyo emva koko zithunyelwa kwiityhubhu zezintso. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-glomerular filtration.
• Iityhubhu zezintso : Ezi tyhubhu zincinci ziphinda zifunxe amanzi, izondlo, kunye neeminerali ezifana nesodium kunye nepotassium. Iiasidi ezigqithisileyo kunye neemveliso zenkunkuma, kuquka namanzi, zisuswa ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-diffusion. Iimveliso zenkunkuma eziseleyo zidlula kwimibhobho eqokelelayo yezintso kwaye ekugqibeleni zikhutshwa emzimbeni njengomchamo.

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba umntu aphile nentso enye?

Ewe, ungaphila nentso enye kuphela . Ngamanye amaxesha, oogqirha basusa intso enye kutyando lwe-"radical nephrectomy" kwiimeko ezifana nomhlaza.

Ezi zinto zinokubangela ukuba umntu abe nentso enye kuphela:

• Ukususwa kwentso enye ngenxa yomhlaza okanye ukwenzakala.
• Ukunikela ngentso komnye umntu ukuze afakelwe izintso.
• Ukuzala kwezintso kubukho bezintso enye kuphela xa kuzalwa.
• Uzalwe enezintso ezimbini, enye kuphela esebenzayo (kidney dysplasia).

Ziphi izintso zakho?

Izintso zakho zifumaneka ngaphantsi kwembambo yakho, ngasemva kwesisu sakho . Zihlala zikwicala lomqolo wakho. Zifumaneka phakathi kwamathumbu akho kunye ne-diaphragm. Intso nganye iqhagamshelwe kwisinyi sakho ngesixhobo somchamo.

Zeziphi iindawo eziphambili zezintso?

Izintso zakho sisitho esintsonkothileyo kakhulu esinamalungu amaninzi. Nazi ezinye zezona ndawo ziphambili zomzimba wezintso:

• Ikhaphu lezintso : Le sisicwili esidibanisayo okanye isicwili esinamafutha esigubungela izintso. Sikhusela izintso ekwenzakaleni, sonyusa uzinzo lwazo, kwaye sizidibanise nezicubu ezingqongileyo.
• Umthambo wezintso : Lo ngumthambo omkhulu wegazi olawula ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya kwizintso. Xa uphumle, izintso zabantu abaninzi zimpompa ngaphezulu kweekomityi ezi-5 (ilitha ezili-1.2) zegazi ngomzuzu.
• I-cortex yezintso: Olu lulwelo olungaphandle lwezintso. Ii-nephrons (iiyunithi zokucoca igazi) ziqala apha. I-cortex yezintso ikwavelisa i-hormone ebizwa ngokuba yi-erythropoietin (EPO). Oku kunceda umongo wethambo ukuba wenze iiseli zegazi ezibomvu.
• I-Renal medulla : Le yinxalenye engaphakathi yezintso. Iqulethe uninzi lwee-nephrons, kunye ne-glomeruli kunye nee-renal tubules. Ii-renal tubules zithwala umchamo ziye kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yi-renal pelvis.
• I-Renal papilla : Ezi zakhiwo zimile okwephiramidi zithumela umchamo kwi-ureters. Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunye namanye amayeza, ingakumbi amayeza angengowe-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs), anokonakalisa la ma-renal papillae.
• I-Renal pelvis : Le sakhiwo esimile okwe-funnel siqokelela umchamo size siwuthumele kwi-ureters. Umchamo uhamba nge-ureters uye kwisinyi, apho ugcinwa khona.
• Umthambo wezintso : Lo mthambo ngumthombo wegazi oyintloko othwala igazi elihluziweyo ukusuka kwizintso ukuya entliziyweni. Intso nganye inomthambo wezintso.

Masifunde kancinci ngombala, ubungakanani, kunye nobunzima bezintso.

Izintso zakho zinombala obomvu-mdaka . Intso nganye inobude obuziisentimitha ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-5, ubukhulu bayo bulingana nenqindi ecinezelweyo .

Ubunzima bezintso nganye buyahluka kumntu nomntu. Oku kunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nobude bakho, ubunzima, ubudala, i-body mass index (BMI), kunye nendawo ohlala kuyo.

• Ukuba uyindoda, izintso zasekunene zinobunzima obuqala kwi-79 grams (malunga ne-1/5 pound) ukuya kwi-223 grams (ngaphezulu kancinci kwi-1/2 pound). Izintso zasekhohlo zinobunzima obuqala kwi-74 grams (ngaphantsi kancinci kwi-1/5 pound) ukuya kwi-235 grams (ngaphezulu kancinci kwi-1/2 pound).
• Ukuba ungumfazi, izintso zasekunene zinobunzima obuqala kwiigram ezingama-55 (ngaphezulu kancinci kwe-1/10 pound) ukuya kwiigram ezingama-274 (malunga neekhilogram ezi-3/5). Izintso zasekhohlo zinobunzima obuqala kwiigram ezingama-67 (malunga neekhilogram ezi-3/20) ukuya kwiigram ezingama-261 (ngaphantsi kancinci kweekhilogram ezi-3/5).

Zithini izizathu zomonakalo wezintso?

Izintso zakho zenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wakho. Ngoko ke, zinokuchaphazeleka ziimeko ezahlukeneyo zonyango. Nazi ezinye zeemeko eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela izintso:

• Isifo sezintso esinganyangekiyo (CKD) : Le meko inokubangela ukuba izintso ziyeke ukusebenza kakuhle. I-CKD idla ngokubangelwa sisifo seswekile okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
• Umhlaza wezintso : Umhlaza weeseli zezintso lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza wezintso.
• Ukungaphumeleli kwezintso / ukungaphumeleli kwezintso: Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso kunokuvela ngequbuliso (ngokukhawulezileyo) okanye kungaba kukwehla kwexesha elide kokusebenza kwezintso (okungapheliyo). Isifo sezintso esikwinqanaba lokugqibela kuxa izintso ziyeke ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo. Kulapho kufuneka khona i-dialysis (unyango oluhluza igazi endaweni yezintso).
• Usulelo lwezintso (pyelonephritis) : Usulelo lwezintso lunokwenzeka xa iintsholongwane zihamba zingena kwizintso. Ezi ntsholongwane zibangela iimpawu ezingalindelekanga. Oogqirha bazinyanga ngee-antibiotics.
• Amatye ezintso : Amatye ezintso ziikristale ezakha umchamo kwaye zinokuthintela ukuhamba komchamo. Ngamanye amaxesha la matye adlula ngokwawo. Ngaphandle koko, oogqirha banokuwanyanga ngokuwaqhekeza okanye ngokuwasusa.
• Ii-kidney cysts : Ezi ziingxowa ezizaliswe lulwelo ezithi zikhule kwizintso. Ezi cysts zingonakalisa izintso. Oogqirha banokuzisusa.
• Isifo sezintso esinePolycystic (PKD) : Le meko ibangela ukuba kubekho ii-cysts ezininzi kwizintso. I-PKD yimeko yemfuza. Inokubangela uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso. Abantu abane-PKD bafuna ulwalathiso oluqhelekileyo lwezonyango.

Ngaphandle koku, kukho nezinye iimeko ezininzi zonyango ezinokuchaphazela izintso. Ezinye zazo zezi:

• I-Acidosis : I-asidi egqithisileyo iqokelelana kwizintso, nto leyo enokubangela iingxaki ezininzi zempilo kwaye inokuba yingozi ebomini.
• I-acute okanye i-interstitial nephritis : Emva kokuchatshazelwa zii-antibiotics ezithile, izintso zinokudumba kwaye ekugqibeleni zingasebenzi.
• I-Azotemia : Inkunkuma ye-nitrogen iqokelelana kwizintso. Ukuba ayinyangwa, ingabulala.
• I-Caliectasis : Ulwelo olugqithisileyo lubangela ukuba ii-calyces (apho umchamo uqala ukuqokelelana khona) zidumbe. Ukuba azinyangwa, zinokukhokelela ekungasebenzini kwezintso.
• I-nephropathy enxulumene nesifo seswekile okanye i-nephropathy ene-hypertension : Ukonakala kwezintso kwenzeka ngenxa yesifo seswekile esingalawulekiyo okanye uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lwexesha elide.
• Izifo ze-glomerular : Ezi zifo zibangela ukudumba okanye umonakalo kwi-glomeruli, nto leyo enokubangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso.
• Isifo sotshintsho oluncinci kunye ne-nephrotic syndrome : Ezi meko zibangela ukuba iiproteni ezigqithisileyo zikhutshwe kwizintso kumchamo.
• I-Papillary necrosisIziqwenga zezicubu zezintso ziyafa kwi-medulla nakwi-papilla. Ezi zicubu zinokuqhekeka kwaye zivale izintso, nto leyo ebangela ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso.
• I-Proteinuria : Oku kuthetha ukuba izintso zakho zinamanqanaba aphezulu eproteni. Oku kungaba luphawu lomonakalo wezintso.
• I-Pyelonephritis : Olu lusulelo lwezintso oluvela ngequbuliso olubangela ukudumba (ukudumba) kwizintso. Lunokuba yingozi ebomini.
• I-uremia : Iityhefu ezikhutshwa emchameni zihlala ziqokelelana egazini. Ukuba azinyangwa, zingabulala.

Ziziphi iimpawu zokuqala zeengxaki zezintso?

Iingxaki ezininzi zezintso azibonisi zimpawu zibalulekileyo kwizigaba zokuqala. Njengoko umonakalo wezintso uqhubeka, unokubona izinto ezifana nezi:

• Izihlunu ezibuhlungu : Izihlunu ziyaqina ngenxa yokungalingani kwe-electrolyte.
• Umchamo onombala omnyama okanye umchamo onegazi : Xa izihluzi ezikwizintso zonakele, iiseli zegazi ziyavuza zingene emchameni.
• Umchamo onegwebu : Ukuba kukho amaqamza kumchamo, oko kungaba luphawu lokuba kukho iiproteni ezininzi.
• Ulusu olurhawuzelelayo nolomileyo : Ulusu luyarhawuzelela ngenxa yokungalingani kweeminerali kunye nezondlo egazini.
• Ukuchama rhoqo : Kusenokufuneka uchame rhoqo ngenxa yeengxaki zokuhluza inkunkuma.
• Ukudumba okujikeleze amehlo okanye ukudumba emaqatheni nasezinyaweni : Xa ukusebenza kwezintso kuncipha, umzimba unokugcina iproteni kunye nesodium, nto leyo ebangela ukudumba.
• Ukungalali, ukudinwa, kunye nokuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya : Ukuba iityhefu ziqokelelana egazini, amanqanaba akho okulala, ukutya, kunye namandla anokutshintsha.

Ziziphi iimvavanyo eziqhelekileyo ezenziwayo ukujonga impilo yezintso zam?

Oogqirha basebenzisa iimvavanyo ezininzi ukulinganisa ukusebenza kwezintso nokubona iingxaki zezintso. Ugqirha wakho unokucebisa iimvavanyo ezifana nezi:

• Imifanekiso ephucukileyo : Ii-X-ray, ii-CT scans, ii-MRIs, ii-ultrasounds, okanye imifanekiso yamayeza enyukliya inokubonisa ukungaqheleki okanye ukuvaleka kwezintso.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi : Uvavanyo lwegazi lubonisa indlela iiglomeruli zakho ezihluza ngayo igazi.
• I-biopsy yezintso : Kwi-biopsy yezintso, ugqirha uthatha isampuli encinci yezicubu zezintso zakho aze azihlole phantsi kwe-microscope.
• I-Ureteroscopy : Ugqirha udlulisa ityhubhu (i-endoscope) nge-urethra yakho iye kwisinyi sakho nakwi-ureters ukujonga iingxaki.
• Uhlalutyo lomchamoUvavanyo lomchamo luhlalutya umchamo wakho. Lulinganisa izinto ezithile, ezifana neproteni okanye igazi.

Ndingazigcina njani izintso zam ziphilile?

Kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe rhoqo ngugqirha kwaye uvavanye igazi nomchamo ukuze ujonge impilo yezintso zakho. Ungenza oku kulandelayo ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba neengxaki zezintso:

• Yeka okanye uyeke ukutshaya nokusebenzisa iimveliso zecuba (ugqirha wakho angakunceda ufumane iindlela zokuyeka).
• Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwetyuwa egqithisileyo , kuba oku kunokuchaphazela ibhalansi yeeminerali egazini.
• Sela amanzi amaninzi .
• Yandisa umthambo wemihla ngemihla , oku kunokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu.
• Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza angengo-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) , kuba ukuthatha kakhulu kwezi zinto kunokonakalisa izintso.
• Gcina ubunzima bakho busempilweni .
• Jonga amanqanaba oxinzelelo lwegazi lakho .
• Ukuba unesifo seswekile, nyamekela amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho .

Ingaba ukusela amanzi amaninzi kulungile kwizintso?

Ewe, ukusela amanzi aneleyo kulungele kakhulu izintso zakho . Amanzi anceda izintso zakho zikhuphe iityhefu kunye nenkunkuma ngomchamo. Akwanceda ukugcina imithambo yegazi yakho isempilweni, nto leyo evumela igazi lakho ukuba lithwale izondlo eziya kwizintso zakho ngokulula.

Kwakhona, ukusela amanzi amaninzi licebo elihle lokuthintela amatye ezintso kunye nosulelo lomchamo (UTIs). Xa izintso zakho zinamanzi aneleyo, amathuba okuba namatye ezintso ayancipha. Xa usela amanzi amaninzi, amathuba okuba namatye ezintso ayancipha kuba uchama rhoqo. Oku kungenxa yokuba xa uchama, iintsholongwane ezibangela ii-UTI ziyahlanjwa.

"Ngokubanzi, unokwazi ukubona ukuba usela amanzi aneleyo na ngombala womchamo wakho. Ukuba usela amanzi aneleyo, umchamo wakho kufuneka ube mthubi okhanyayo okanye ocacileyo. Ukuba uphelelwe ngamanzi emzimbeni, umchamo wakho uza kuba mthubi omnyama."

Ndifanele ndisele amanzi angakanani ukuze ndigcine izintso zam ziphilile?

Ngokomndilili, amadoda afanele asele malunga neekomityi ezili-13 (iilitha ezi-3) zamanzi ngosuku. Abafazi bafanele basele malunga neekomityi ezili-9 (ngaphezulu kancinci kweelitha ezi-2) zamanzi ngosuku.

Ingaba kunokwenzeka ukuba usele amanzi amaninzi? Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba uyasela?

Ewe, kunokwenzeka ukuba usele amanzi amaninzi. Ukuba wenza njalo, unokufumana imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-water toxication okanye i-hyponatremia (i-primary polydipsia). Ukuba ayinyangwa, le meko inokukhokelela ekuxhuzuleni, kwi-coma, ekutshintsheni kwesimo sengqondo, kwanokufa.

Ingaba le yintlungu yezintso okanye yintlungu yomqolo? Uyazi njani?

Abantu bayadideka phakathi kwentlungu yezintso kunye nentlungu yomqolo kuba zivakala zifana. Kulungile, makhe sibone indlela yokuyiqonda le nto.

Iintlungu zomqolo zihlala zenzeka kwindawo esezantsi yomqolo wakho.

Intlungu yezintso ivakala ngaphakathi emzimbeni, kumqolo ongasentla . Uya kuziva rhoqo intlungu kumacala omabini, phakathi ukuya phezulu komqolo (ngokufuthi phantsi kweembambo, kwicala lasekunene okanye lasekhohlo lomqolo). Le ntlungu inokusasazeka nakwezinye iindawo, njengesisu okanye indawo yemiphunga.

Intlungu yezintso ibangelwa kukudumba okanye ukuvaleka kwezintso okanye kwindlela yomchamo. Iimpawu ziquka umkhuhlane, isicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza, kunye nentlungu xa uchama.

Ndingathetha nini nogqirha malunga nezintso zam?

Iingxaki zezintso zingabangela iimpawu ezahlukeneyo. Ukuba izintso zakho azisebenzi kakuhle, unokufumana enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• Utshintsho kwimikhwa yokuchama okanye yokuchama (njengokuya kwindlu yangasese rhoqo).
• Ukudideka okanye ubunzima bokugxila.
• Ulusu olomileyo okanye olurhawuzelelayo.
• Ukudinwa kakhulu.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu).
• Ukushukuma kwemisipha.
• Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla wokutya okanye incasa yesinyithi ekutyeni.
• Intlungu yesisu okanye ukuhlanza.
• Ukudumba, ingakumbi ezandleni okanye emaqatheni.

Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi meko, kufuneka uhlolwe rhoqo ukusebenza kwezintso zakho:

• Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho onesifo sezintso.
• Isifo seswekile.
• Isifo sentliziyo.
• Igazi elonyukayo.
• Ukutyeba kakhulu okanye ukutyeba kakhulu.
• Ukuba usebenzisa amayeza athile rhoqo, afana namayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi.

Ngoko ke, umyalezo wokugqibela oza kugoduka nawo:

Ngoko ke, ngoku uyazi ukuba izintso zizitho ezimbini ezincinci kodwa ezibalulekileyo emzimbeni wethu. Ukususela ekucoceni igazi, ukuya ekulinganiseni amanqanaba olwelo lomzimba, iityuwa zeeminerali, kunye nokuveliswa kweehomoni, ezi zintso zimbini zinceda kwizinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo.

Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina izintso zakho ziphilile . Ungazinyamekela izintso zakho ngokwenza izinto ezilula ezifana nokusela amanzi amaninzi, ukunciphisa ityuwa, ukuzilolonga, nokuphepha ukutshaya.

Ukuba usengozini yokufumana isifo sezintso, okanye ukuba uneempawu ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, kungcono ukubona ugqirha ngaphandle kokuba neentloni okanye ukoyika . Khumbula, ukufunyaniswa kwangethuba kunokunyanga izifo ezininzi!

"Njengoko izintso zakho ziya kukunyamekela ubomi bakho bonke, nawe kufuneka uzikhathalele ngothando!"

Izintso , izifo zezintso, izintso ezisempilweni, inkqubo yomchamo, ukucocwa kwegazi, ukusebenza kwezintso, impilo yezintso