Masifunde ngakumbi nge-epidermis, umaleko ophezulu wolusu lwakho.

Molo! Unjani? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngento ebaluleke kakhulu ngolusu lwethu. Sonke sinolusu. Olu lusu lolona lungu likhulu emzimbeni wethu. Ubusazi ukuba kukho iileya ezintathu eziphambili zolu lusu? Ileya ephezulu, leyo siyibonayo nesiyivayo xa siyichukumisa, ibizwa ngokuba yi-'epidermis' . Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngeqhawe lolusu lwethu, i-epidermis.

Yintoni i-epidermis? Ngamafutshane...

Kulungile, masiqale sijonge ukuba yintoni le epidermis. Kuthiwa ulusu lwakho luneengqimba ezintathu eziphambili. Ziyi -epidermis (umaleko ophezulu) , i-dermis (umaleko ophakathi) , kunye ne -hypodermis (umaleko osezantsi) . Kula mangqimba, i-epidermis yeyona ngqimba incinci , kodwa yiyo eyenza umsebenzi ophambili wokusikhusela kwihlabathi langaphandle. Ayimangalisi na? Ngaphakathi kolu mangqimba luncinci kukho ezinye iingqimba ezintlanu ezincinci!

Zithini ezo layer zincinci zintlanu kwi-epidermis?

Ngoku makhe sijonge iileya ezintlanu ezincinci ngaphakathi kwesikhumba. Ezi zicwangciswe ngokulandelelana ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu:

1. I-Stratum basale (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-stratum germinativum):

• Le yeyona maleko inzulu, phantsi kwesikhumba. Ifana nesiseko sesakhiwo.
• Kwenziwa iiseli ezintsha zesikhumba kule leya.
• Nazi iiseli ze-stem ezibizwa ngokuba yi-'Keratinocytes' . Ezi zezona zenza iproteni ethi 'Keratin' . I-Keratin yiyo enceda ekwakheni iinwele zethu, iinzipho, kunye nolusu lwethu, kwaye isikhusela kwiimeko ezinzima zokusingqongileyo.
• Kwakhona, kukho iiseli ezibizwa ngokuba yi -'melanocytes' kolu lelo. Zizo ezenza i-'melanin' . I-Melanin yipigment enika ulusu lwethu umbala walo.

2. I-Stratum spinosum:

• Olu maleko luphakathi kwe-stratum basale ekhankanyiweyo ngaphambili kunye ne-stratum granulosum elandelayo.
• Yenziwe ikakhulu ziiseli ze-keratinocyte. Ezi seli zibanjwe kunye ziiproteni ezinamathelayo ezibizwa ngokuba zii-desmosomes .
• Olu layer lwe-stratum spinosum yilo oluyenza ulusu lwakho luthambe kwaye lube namandla .

3. I-Stratum granulosum `(Stratum granulosum)`:

• Oku kuphakathi kwe-stratum spinosum kunye ne-stratum lucidum.
• Ngaphakathi kwiiseli ze-keratinocyte kukho iigranules ezincinci . Ezi zinokubonwa nge-microscope.

4. I-Stratum lucidum:

• Olu lungqimba olubhityileyo nolucacileyo phakathi kwe-stratum granulosum kunye ne-stratum corneum.
• Apha, iiseli ze-keratinocyte zilahlekelwa kancinci kancinci yimilo yazo engqukuva kwaye zibe zisicaba . Olu maleko lubonakala ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinesikhumba esityebileyo, njengeentende zezandla zethu kunye neenyawo zethu.

5. I-Stratum corneum:

• Le yilaphu ephezulu ye-epidermis. Uyabona, le yilaphu oyichukumisayo.
• Apha, ezo seli ze-keratinocyte ziba 'zii-corneocytes' . Ii-corneocytes zifile, kodwa zii-keratinocyte ezinamandla kakhulu .
• Ezi zizinto ezisikhusela kwizinto ezifana nemikrwelo, ukukhanya kwelanga, ubushushu, kunye neentsholongwane.
• Kwakhona, olu layer luqulethe amafutha. Lulawula indlela amanzi angena ngayo aze aphele lula ngayo emizimbeni yethu.
• Njengoko ii-keratinocytes ezintsha zikhula kumaleko ongezantsi (stratum basale), la ma-corneocytes ayawa kancinci kancinci. Njengamagqabi amadala ayawa kwaye amatsha ayakhula. Le yinkqubo eqhubekayo.

Cinga ngale ndlela, i-epidermis ifana nophahla lwendlu yethu. Kanye njengokuba isikhusela elangeni nasemvuleni, i-epidermis ikwasikhusela kwihlabathi langaphandle.

Ngaba uyazi ukuba lithetha ukuthini igama elithi "epidermis"?

Oku kulungile ukwazi. Igama elithi "epidermis" lenziwe ngamagama amabini amandulo esiGrike. Igama elithi 'epi' lithetha "ngaphezulu" okanye "ngaphandle". Igama elithi 'derma' lithetha "ulusu". Ngoko ke, igama elithi "epidermis" lithetha "umphezulu" okanye "ulusu lwangaphandle" .

Ngoko ke yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-epidermis kunye ne-dermis?

Usenokukhumbula ukuba i-epidermis lulwaleko oluphezulu. I-dermis lulwaleko olungaphantsi, embindini. Cinga ngayo njengesandwich. Ukuba i-epidermis lulwaleko oluphezulu lwesonka, i-dermis lulwaleko olumnandi oluphakathi.

• Ubukhulu: Nangona i-epidermis yeyona maleko incinci kakhulu yesikhumba, i-dermis yeyona maleko inzima kakhulu yesikhumba.
• Okungaphakathi: I-dermis ineeproteni ezibizwa ngokuba yi -'Collagen' kunye ne-'Elastin' . Ezi zezona zenza i-dermis ibe nkulu kwaye zinike ulusu ulusu ukuqina okuhle. Ezi zinceda kakhulu ekugcineni ulusu lwethu lubukeka lulutsha ngaphandle kokugoba.
• Ayipheleli apho, kodwa nezicwili zakho ezidityanisiweyo, iziphelo zemithambo-luvo, amadlala okubila, amadlala okuthulula ulwelo, kunye neefollicle zeenwele zonke zikwidermis, kwaye nangaphantsi koko, kwi-hypodermis.

Yintoni eyenziwa yi-epidermis emizimbeni yethu? Ibaluleke ngantoni le nto?

Zonke iileya zolusu lwethu ziyasebenzisana ukukhusela amathambo ethu, amalungu omzimba, izihlunu, kunye nezicubu ezingaphakathi emizimbeni yethu. I-epidermis ikwanomsebenzi okhethekileyo:

• Ukufunxa: Umaleko ophezulu we-epidermis (stratum corneum) unceda ukugcina amanzi , ugcine ulusu lwakho lumanzi kwaye lusempilweni, ukuthintela ukuba lungatshi .
• Ukwenziwa kweeseli ezintsha zesikhumba:Iiseli ezintsha zesikhumba ziveliswa kumaleko asezantsi e-epidermis (stratum basale). Njengoko ezi seli zikhula, zihamba kancinci kancinci ziye phezulu kumaleko. Emva kwenyanga , zifikelela kumaleko aphezulu zize ziphele. Kwangaxeshanye, iiseli ezintsha ziyaqhubeka nokuveliswa ngaphantsi. Kufana nomzi-mveliso ozihlaziya rhoqo .
• Ukhuseleko: I-epidermis isebenza njengekhaka . Isikhusela kwimitha yelanga eyingozi ye-ultraviolet (UV), iintsholongwane (iibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, iifungi, iiparasite, njl.njl.), kunye neekhemikhali eziyingozi.
• Umbala wolusu: I-epidermis inohlobo lweseli ebizwa ngokuba yi-'melanocytes'. Ezi seli zivelisa umbala obizwa ngokuba yi-'melanin'. Umbala wolusu lwakho umiselwa bubungakanani be-melanin.

I-epidermis inceda njani amanye amalungu omzimba?

Ngamafutshane, i-epidermis, kunye nezinye iileya zolusu, zisebenza njengekhaka lokuqala elikhusela amalungu abuthathaka, amathambo, izihlunu kunye nezicubu ezingaphakathi emizimbeni yethu kwiingozi, ukwenzakala, kunye nosulelo oluvela kwihlabathi langaphandle.

Iphi i-epidermis?

Oku akufanele kukumangalise, akunjalo? I-epidermis lulwaleko oluphezulu lolusu esilubonayo nesiluvayo xa sijonga umntu okanye simchukumisa.

Umbala we-epidermis wenziwa njani?

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, umbala wendalo obizwa ngokuba yi-melanin, oveliswa yi-melanocytes, umisela umbala wolusu lwethu. Ezi melanocytes zivelisa iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-melanin:

• I-Eumelanin: Olu hlobo lwe-melanin lubangela imibala emnyama kwiinwele zakho, kulusu, namehlo . Ukuba umntu unesikhumba esimdaka neenwele ezimnyama, kungenxa yokuba une-eumelanin eninzi.
• I-Pheomelanin: Olu hlobo lwe-melanin lubangela ulusu lwakho lube nombala opinki okanye obomvu . Umzekelo, lubangela imilebe, iingono, isini, kunye ne-glans yepenis, kwaye lubangela abanye abantu ukuba babe neenwele ezibomvu.

Wonke umntu unezi ntlobo zimbini ze-melanin eluswini lwakhe ngomlinganiselo owahlukileyo. Ngumlinganiselo omisela umbala wolusu lomntu ngamnye.

Ingakanani i-epidermis etyebileyo?

Ubukhulu be-epidermis buyahluka ngokweendawo emzimbeni wakho. Umzekelo, i-epidermis ityebile kwiindawo ezisetyenziswa rhoqo, njengeenyawo zakho nasemva kwezandla zakho , apho udibana khona nezinto ezininzi ezimangalisayo. Ubukhulu kwezi ndawo bunokuba malunga ne-1.5 millimeters. Oko kumalunga nobukhulu bamakhadi amabini etyala abekwe phezu komnye .

Kodwa kwiindawo ezibuthathaka njengeenkophe zakho, i-epidermis incinci kakhulu. Imalunga ne-0.05 yeemilimitha ubukhulu. Oko kuthetha ukuba ifanaImalunga nobukhulu bephepha eliqhelekileyo lokukopa! Iyamangalisa, akunjalo?

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zeeseli kwi-epidermis?

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zeeseli ngaphakathi kwe-epidermis. Iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zeeseli zezi:

1. IiKeratinocytes: Ezi seli zivelisa iproteni yekeratin, eyona nto iphambili kwi-epidermis. IiKeratinocytes zezona seli zininzi kwi-epidermis.

2. IiMelanocytes: Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, ezi seli zivelisa i-pigment melanin enika ulusu lwakho umbala walo .

3. Iiseli zeLangerhans: Ezi seli zifana nabalindi be-epidermis . Zinceda ekuthinteleni izinto ezingafunekiyo, ezinje ngeentsholongwane, ukuba zingangeni eluswini. Ziyinxalenye yenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.

Ziziphi izifo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela i-epidermis?

Isikhumba sethu singachaphazeleka zizifo ezahlukeneyo kunye neemeko ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye zazo zezi:

• I-Acne: Ingxaki echaphazela abantu abaninzi, ingakumbi ngexesha lobutsha babo.
• Amathumba: Amathumba abangelwa zizifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane ezinokuba buhlungu ngamanye amaxesha.
• I-Dandruff: Imeko apho i-epidermis yentloko ixobuka khona.
• I-Eczema: Imeko apho ulusu luba lomile, lurhawuzelele, kwaye lube bomvu.
• I-Melanoma: Uhlobo lomhlaza wolusu. Olu lunokuba yimeko eyingozi eqala kwiiseli ze-melanocyte.

Zithini iimpawu zengxaki kwi-epidermis?

Ukuba kukho ingxaki kwi-epidermis yakho, unokufumana iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Ukuvela kwamabala amatsha amnyama eluswini, okanye utshintsho kwimo, umbala, okanye ubungakanani bamabala akhoyo.
• Ulusu luyoma kakhulu luze luqhambuke.
• Ulusu luyaxobuka, kuvakala ngathi umaleko ophezulu wolusu uyaphuma.
• Ukuxobuka nokukhula kolusu.

Ukuba uneempawu ezinje, kungcono ukubona ugqirha uze ufumane ingcebiso.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo ukujonga impilo ye-epidermis?

Ugqirha wakho uza kuqala enze uvavanyo olucokisekileyo lolusu lwakho. Ukongeza, banokwenza olu vavanyo lulandelayo:

• Uvavanyo lwesikhumba olubangelwa kukwaliwa: Olu vavanyo lunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba imeko yesikhumba sakho ibangelwa kukukwaliwa.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Ezinye izinto ezibangela ukunganyamezelani, izifo, kunye nosulelo zinokufunyanwa ngovavanyo lwegazi.
• I-biopsy yolusu: Oku kuquka ukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lolusu kwindawo enengxaki uze ulihlolisise phantsi kwemakroskopu. Oku kunokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba kukho naziphi na izifo, usulelo, okanye umhlaza.

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba unesifo esifana ne-melanoma, ungenza nezinye iimvavanyo zokujonga imifanekiso ukuze ubone ukuba isasazeke na kwamanye amalungu omzimba.

Ziziphi iindlela eziqhelekileyo zonyango lwezifo ze-epidermis?

Unyango luyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko echaphazela i-epidermis. Nazi ezinye zezona ndlela zonyango zixhaphakileyo:

• Ii-antibiotics: Ezi zinikwa njengeyeza lomlomo okanye amafutha okuthambisa ukunyanga izifo ezibangelwa zizifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane ezifana ne-acne, amathumba, ulusu olomileyo, kunye nerhashalala.
• Amayeza okulwa nefungus: La anikwa njengeekhrimu, amafutha okuthambisa, iijeli, izitshizi, iipowders, okanye njengamayeza omlomo osulelo lwesikhumba olubangelwa yifungus.
• IiCorticosteroids: Ezi zinceda ekunciphiseni ukudumba, ukuba bomvu, ukurhawuzelela, kunye nokonakala kwezicubu eluswini. Zinokunikwa njengeekhrimu, iipilisi, okanye iinaliti.
• IiRetinoids (i-vitamin A derivatives): La mayeza, enziwe nge-vitamin A, anciphisa i-acne, ayeke ukuvaleka kwee-pores, kwaye anceda ulusu ukuba luzivuselele.

Olu nyango kufuneka lusetyenziswe rhoqo ngokweengcebiso zonyango.

Zeziphi izinto ezilula esinokuzenza ukuze sigcine ulusu lwethu lusempilweni?

Zininzi izinto ezilula esinokuzenza ekhaya ukugcina ulusu lwethu, oko kukuthi, lonke ulusu lwethu, lusempilweni. Jonga ezi:

• Yenza inkqubo yokhathalelo lolusu olukufaneleyo. Fumana iingcebiso kugqirha okanye kwingcali yolusu kwaye unyamekele ulusu lwakho ngokufanelekileyo.
• Xa uhlamba okanye uhlamba , sebenzisa isepha ethambileyo, engarhawuzeliyo. Xa usomisa ulusu lwakho, lubambe lome, endaweni yokuluhlikihla kakhulu.
• Kwangoko nje ukuba ulusu lwakho lome, ngelixa lusenomswakama, faka ikhrimu okanye ioyile yokuthambisa efanelekileyo. Oku kuya kunceda ukugcina ulusu lwakho lufumile. Ungaphinda ulusu lwakho lufumile kabini okanye kathathu ngemini, ingakumbi ukuba ulusu lwakho luvakala lomile.
• Kuphephe ukuhlamba ngamanzi ashushu kakhulu, kodwa sebenzisa amanzi afudumeleyo. Amanzi ashushu anokususa amafutha endalo eluswini aze omise ulusu.
• Sela ubuncinane iiglasi ezisi-8 zamanzi ngosuku. Amanzi ngumhlobo osenyongweni wolusu lwakho. Agcina ulusu lwakho lumanzi kwaye lufumile ngaphakathi.
• Yitya ukutya okutyebileyo kwii-antioxidants. Faka iziqhamo (ingakumbi amaqunube), imifuno (imifuno eluhlaza), amandongomane (ii-almond, ii-walnuts), kunye neentlanzi ezityebileyo kwii-omega-3 fatty acids (i-salmon, i-mackerel) ekutyeni kwakho.
• Nciphisa ukuvezwa kwindawo ezingqongileyo ngokutshintsha ngesiquphe kobushushu kunye nokufuma.
• Ziphephe izinto owaziwa ngokuba une-allergy kuzo, iikhemikhali ezaziwa ngokuba yingozi eluswini (izinto ezikucaphukisayo), kunye neziqholo.
• Soloko usebenzisa i-sunscreen ene-SPF engama-30 okanye ngaphezulu nanini na xa uphuma elangeni. Nokuba ayibonakali ilanga, imisebe ye-UV isenokungena emafini.
• Xa ulusu lwakho lurhawuzelela okanye lubuhlungu, musa ukulukha okanye ukulukrwela. Ukwenza njalo kunokonakalisa ulusu kwaye kwandise umngcipheko wosulelo.

Ngoko ke, yintoni eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka siyikhumbule kuzo zonke ezi zinto?

Kaloku, sithethe kakhulu nge-epidermis. Ngamafutshane, i-epidermis lulwaleko oluphezulu lomzimba wethu, umgca wokuqala wokuzikhusela kulusu lwethu. Iyasikhusela kwiingozi zehlabathi langaphandle, igcina ulusu lwethu lufumile, ivelisa iiseli ezintsha zolusu rhoqo, kwaye inika ulusu lwethu umbala omhle.

Ngoko ke, luxanduva lwethu ukugcina ulusu lwethu oluxabisekileyo, oko kukuthi, lonke ulusu lwethu, lusempilweni kwaye luhle. Singalugcina ulusu lwethu lusempilweni kwaye lonwabile ngokwenza izinto ezincinci njengokusela amanzi amaninzi, ukutya ukutya okunesondlo, ukusebenzisa i-sunscreen xa uphuma elangeni, kunye nokugcina ulusu lwethu lucocekile. Phatha ulusu lwakho ngothando!

I- Epidermis, iileya zolusu, impilo yolusu, ukhathalelo lolusu, i-keratin, i-melanin, izifo zolusu