Masifunde 'ngomthambo wegazi' oyintloko wentliziyo yakho (i-Ascending Aorta) kunye nokubaluleka kwawo.

Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngenxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu, nangona isenokubonakala inzima kancinci, kulula kakhulu ukuyiqonda. Leyo yi (Ascending Aorta) . Ngamafutshane, le yinxalenye yokuqala yomthambo wegazi oyintloko, i (Aorta) , eqala entliziyweni yethu ize isasaze igazi kuwo wonke umzimba. Ifana neqhekeza elibekwe kumbhobho oyintloko elizisa amanzi avela kwitanki yamanzi endlwini. Ngoko ke, makhe sibone ukuba yintoni le (Ascending Aorta), kwenzeka ntoni kuyo, loluphi uhlobo lwezifo enokuzibangela, kunye nendlela yokuyigcina isempilweni.

Yintoni (i-Ascending Aorta)? Ibangelwa yintoni?

Khawuthelekelele ukuba imizimba yethu ifana nesixeko esikhulu. Yonke indlu, yonke ivenkile, yonke indawo kwesi sixeko ifuna amanzi. Ngendlela efanayo, yonke iseli emzimbeni wethu ifuna igazi elicocekileyo, elizaliswe yioksijini. Ngubani opompa eli gazi emzimbeni wonke? Intliziyo yethu. Igazi elipompa intliziyo lithwalwa emzimbeni wonke ngumthambo wegazi omkhulu (i-Aorta) , okanye i-aorta enkulu.

Ngoku le (i-Aorta) ineenxalenye ezininzi.

1. (Ukunyuka kwe-Aorta): Le yinxalenye enyukayo njengoko iphuma kwigumbi eliphambili lokumpompa igazi elibizwa ngokuba yiLeft Ventricle kwicala lasekhohlo lentliziyo. Lo ngumlinganiswa wethu ophambili namhlanje.

2. (I-Aortic Arch): Emva koko le tube igoba phezulu njengesiphatho sentonga. Ibizwa ngokuba yi-Aortic Arch.

3. (I-Aorta Ehlayo): Emva koko le tube yehla, idlula esifubeni, idlule esiswini. Loo ndawo ibizwa ngokuba yi-(I-Aorta Ehlayo).

Ngoko ke, umsebenzi ophambili we- (Ascending Aorta) kukuthatha igazi elineoksijini eninzi elimpontshelwa yintliziyo lize liqale ukulisasaza kwi-(Aortic Arch) lize lisuke apho liye emzimbeni wonke. Ngokukodwa, imithambo yegazi emibini ebalulekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yiCoronary Arteries ehambisa igazi entliziyweni iqala kule (Ascending Aorta). Khawuthelekelele, ipompo yamanzi nayo ifuna amanzi ukuze isebenze, yindlela esebenza ngayo.

Iphi le (Ascending Aorta)? Ijongeka njani?

Le (Ascending Aorta) ikwisifuba sethu, ingakumbi ithambo elikhulu eliphakathi kwesifuba, ngasemva kwe (Sternum) , ngasekhohlo kwentliziyo. Iqhagamshelwe ngqo kwi (Left Ventricle) yentliziyo kwaye idlulela phezulu.

Ngokuphathelele imbonakalo, yonke i-aorta ifana nentonga enye encinci. I-ascensing aorta yeyona nxalenye imfutshane yentonga eqala kufutshane nentliziyo ize inyuke. I-aortic arch yinxalenye egoba njengesiphatho sentonga.

I-Ascending Aorta idla ngokuba phakathi kweesentimitha ezi-5 ukuya kwezi-8 ubude (malunga neesentimitha ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-3) kwaye ububanzi bube malunga neesentimitha ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-4. Iyancipha kancinci kancinci ububanzi njengoko isihla esifubeni.

Zithini iindawo ze-Ascending Aorta? Yenziwa njani?

I-aorta yonke yahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini aphambili: i-thoracic aorta kunye ne-abdominal aorta.I-(Ascending Aorta), (Aortic Arch), kunye ne-(Descending Aorta) ziyadibana ukuze zenze i-(Thoracic Aorta).

I-Aorta enyukayo iqala kufutshane ne-Aortic Heart Valve, ekwi-Left Ventricle. Le Aorta Valve ifana nocango. Iyavuleka ize ivale ukuvumela igazi ukuba liphume kwi-Left Ventricle liye kwi-Aorta. I-Aorta enyukayo iphela ngaphambi nje kwe-Brachiocephalic Artery, isebe lokuqala elikhulu eliphuma kwi-Aortic Arch.

I-Aorta enyukayo ineenxalenye ezimbini eziphambili:

1. (Ingcambu ye-Aortic): Le yingcambu ye-(Ascending Aorta), inxalenye ekufutshane ne-(Aortic Valve). Ngaphakathi kwayo kukho imingxunya emincinci efana nebhalbhu ebizwa ngokuba yi- (Aortic Sinuses) . Kulapho kuqala khona i-Coronary Arteries (imithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi entliziyweni). Kulapho i- (Sinotubular Junction - STJ) ikhoyo. I-STJ kulapho i-(Ascending Aorta) iba yityhubhu eqhelekileyo.

2. I-Tubular (I-Aorta Enyukayo): Oku kuqala emva kwe-STJ kuze kuqhubeke ukuya kwi-Aortic Arch. Akukho mnye umthambo wegazi ophuma kule ndawo.

Njengezinye iindawo ze-aorta, i-ascending aorta yenziwe ngeengqimba ezintathu zezicubu. Cinga ngayo njengombhobho, onezingqimba ezintathu:

• (Tunica Intima): Le yilaphu elingaphakathi. Igazi lihamba ngale ndlela.
• (Imidiya): Olu lungqimba oluphakathi. Luneefayibha ezininzi ezithambileyo. Ezi zivumela i-(Aorta) ukuba ifinyeze kwaye yoluleke ngokwexinzelelo lwegazi. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuhamba kwexesha, ezi fayibha zinokuba buthathaka kwaye udonga lunokuba buthathaka.
• (Adventitia): Olu lolona luhlu lungaphandle. Lunemithambo yegazi emincinci enika ukutya eludongeni lwe-(Aorta).

Ngamafutshane, i-Ascending Aorta 'sisiqwenga sombhobho' esibaluleke kakhulu nesinamandla esiqala sifumane igazi entliziyweni size siqale ukulithumela emzimbeni wonke.

Ziziphi izifo ezichaphazela i-Aorta enyukayo?

Ngelishwa, le nxalenye ibaluleke kakhulu inokuphuhlisa izifo ezahlukeneyo. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi ezona ziphambili:

• Ii-Aneurysms ze-Aortic: Le yingxaki eqhelekileyo. I-aneurysm kubuthathaka kodonga lomthambo wegazi, okubangela ukuba uvuthuluke njengebhaluni. Ngaphezulu kwe-50% yee-aortic aneurysms esifubeni zenzeka kwi-ascending aorta. Zinokwenzeka nokuba kwingcambu ye-aortic okanye kwi-tubular ascending aorta. Ii-aortic aneurysms ziimeko ezisongela ubomi. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-aneurysm inokubangela ukukrazuka kwimigca yomthambo wegazi - imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-aortic dissection . Okanye, ukuba iqhekeka ngokupheleleyo, ukopha okukhulu kunokwenzeka ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Le yimeko engxamisekileyo.

• (I-Aortic Valve Stenosis):Nangona i-Aortic Valve ingeyona inxalenye ye-Ascending Aorta, inamathele eludongeni lwangaphakathi lwe-Ascending Aorta. I-Aortic Stenosis kukuncitshiswa kwe-Aortic Valve phakathi kwe-Aortic Root kunye ne-Left Ventricle. Oku kubangela ukuba intliziyo isebenze nzima ukupompa igazi kwi-Aorta. Oku kunokubangela ukuba izihlunu zentliziyo zikhule.

• (Ukuvuselelwa kweValve yeAortic): Oku kwenzeka xa i-(Aortic Valve) ingavali kakuhle. Emva koko, endaweni yokuya phambili kwi-(Aorta), igazi liphinda lingene kwi-(Left Ventricle). Oku kubangela ukuba intliziyo ipompe igazi elingaphezulu kunesiqhelo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, intliziyo inokuba buthathaka. (Ukuvuselelwa kweValve yeAortic) kunokubakho ngenxa yokuba i-(Ascending Aorta) ivuleke.

• I-Bicuspid Aortic Valve (BAV): Abanye abantu bazalwa benamaphecana amabini kwi-aortic valve yabo endaweni yamathathu. Abantu abanolu hlobo lwe-valve basengozini enkulu yokufumana i-ascending aortic aneurysms. I-BAV inokubangela i-aortic stenosis, i-aortic regurgitation, okanye zombini.

• Izifo ze-Connective Tissue: Abantu abanezifo ezifana ne- (Marfan Syndrome) , (Loeys-Dietz Syndrome) , kunye ne- (Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome) banokuba neengxaki ezifana ne-(Aneurysms) kuba udonga lwe-(Aorta) lunokuba buthathaka.

• Iingxaki zokudumba: Iimeko ezifana neGiant Cell Arteritis kunye nePenetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcers nazo zingonakalisa udonga lwe-aorta.

Nangona ezi mpawu zisenokubonakala zisoyikisa kancinci, zinokulawulwa ukuba zichongiwe kwangethuba kwaye zinyangwe ngokufanelekileyo .

Ndingayigcina njani i-Ascending Aorta yam isempilweni?

Izinto ezifanayo ozenzayo ukugcina intliziyo yakho kunye nenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi iphilile zikwalungile kwimpilo ye-Ascending Aorta.

• Yitya ukutya okunempilo nokunokulinganisela: Yitya ukutya okune-sodium encinci (ityuwa), i-cholesterol, kunye namafutha agcweleyo. Yitya iziqhamo, imifuno, iinkozo ezipheleleyo, kunye nefayibha engaphezulu.
• Zilolonge rhoqo: Yenza into efana nokuhamba, ukubaleka, okanye ukudada ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku. Iyaqinisa intliziyo kwaye ilawula uxinzelelo lwegazi.
• Yeka ukutshaya neemveliso zecuba ngokupheleleyo: Ukutshaya lutshaba olukhulu lwemithambo yegazi. Kuyawenza buthathaka udonga lwe-aorta kwaye kwandisa umngcipheko we-aneurysms.
• Nciphisa okanye uyeke ukusela utywala: Ukusela utywala kakhulu kunokunyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi kwaye konakalise intliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi.
• Fumana uhlolo lwezonyango rhoqo: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufumana uhlolo rhoqo njengoko ugqirha wakho eyalele, ingakumbi ukuba uneengxaki ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, i-cholesterol, isifo seswekile, okanye ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho oye waba neengxaki ze-aorta.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba ufunyaniswe une-Ascending Aortic Syndrome okanye esinye isifo sentliziyo, bonana nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko ukuba ufumanisa iimpawu ezintsha okanye ukuba iimpawu zakho ezikhoyo ziya zisiba mandundu.

Kwakhona, ukuba ufumana enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, isenokuba luphawu lokuqhuma kwe-aneurysm kwaye kufuneka ufune unyango olungxamisekileyo ngokukhawuleza:

• Ukudinwa okanye ukuquleka (ukuquleka).
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza.
• Intlungu ebuhlungu esifubeni okanye emqolo ongasentla.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.

Musa ukuzityeshela iimpawu ezifana nezi. Ukufumana unyango kwangethuba kunokusindisa ubomi.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

I-aorta enyukayo yinxalenye yokuqala yomthambo wegazi omkhulu emzimbeni wethu, i-aorta. Iqhagamshelana nentliziyo kwaye idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuncedeni ukusasaza igazi elineoksijini elimpontshelwa yintliziyo liye emzimbeni wonke.

Ezinye iingxaki nge-Ascending Aorta, ezifana nokuqhekeka kwe-aneurysm, zinokuba yingozi ebomini. Ngoko ke, ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onesifo sentliziyo, okanye ukuba ungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-65, thetha nogqirha wakho ngeendlela zokunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba neengxaki nge-Ascending Aorta. Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela kukuphila ubomi obusempilweni. Nyamekela intliziyo yakho, kuba ikugcina uphila!

Ukunyuka kwe - aorta, i-aorta, isifo sentliziyo, imithambo yegazi, i-aortic aneurysm, impilo yentliziyo, intliziyo