Masifunde ngakumbi ngovavanyo lwe-Anion Gap, olulinganisa ibhalansi ye-acid-base yegazi lakho.

Mhlawumbi ukhe weva ngovavanyo lwegazi xa usiya kugqirha. Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokukuxelela izinto ezininzi ngezinto ezahlukeneyo emizimbeni yethu. Kwakhona, indlela ebalulekileyo yokulinganisa ibhalansi yee-asidi kunye neesiseko egazini lethu, oko kukuthi, ibhalansi ye-asidi-base, ibizwa ngokuba yi- Anion Gap . Akukho nto yokoyika xa usiva oku, kunika izikhokelo malunga neemeko ezithile zempilo emizimbeni yethu. Masithethe ngale nto ngokulula, kwaye emva koko kuya kucaca nakuwe.

Yintoni le Anion Gap, Gqirha?

Ngamafutshane, i-Anion Gap yindlela yokulinganisa umahluko phakathi kwamasuntswana atshajiweyo ngombane (ii-electrolytes) egazini lakho. Usenokukhumbula ufunda ngee-ion ezitshajiweyo (+) kunye nee-ion ezitshajiweyo ezingalunganga (-) esikolweni. Yiyo loo nto kunjalo. Igazi lethu likwaqulathe olu hlobo lwee-electrolytes ezilungileyo nezingalunganga.

Ngoko ke, into eyenziwa yile Anion Gap kukulinganisa umahluko, okanye "umsantsa," phakathi kwee-electrolyte ezinkulu ezitshajiweyo kakuhle (ezifana ne-potassium kunye ne-sodium) kunye nee-electrolyte ezinkulu ezitshajiweyo kakubi (ezifana ne-chloride kunye ne-bicarbonate) egazini. Oku akusiyo into elinganiswa ngokuthe ngqo ngumatshini. I-Anion Gap ibalwa kusetyenziswa iziphumo zezinye iimvavanyo zegazi eziyalelwe ngugqirha wakho. Ezi mvavanyo zihlala zibandakanywa kwiipakethe zovavanyo lwegazi esizifumanayo xa siye kugqirha ngenxa yesifo. Umzekelo:

• Iphaneli eBanzi yeMetabolic (CMP)
• Iphaneli yeMetabolic esisiseko (i-BMP)
• Iphaneli ye-Electrolyte

Uvavanyo olufana nolu lubonelela ngedatha efunekayo ukuze kuchongwe isithuba se-anion.

Kutheni le nto kwenziwa olu vavanyo lwe-anion gap? Lujonga ntoni?

Le Anion Gap ijonga ikakhulu ukuba kukho ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte egazini lakho, okanye ukuba igazi lakho line-asidi eninzi (`(Acidosis)`) okanye lilula kakhulu (`(Alkalosis)`) .

Cinga ngale ndlela: umzimba wethu ufana nomatshini olungiswe kakuhle. Yonke into ekulo matshini kufuneka ilingane ngokugqibeleleyo. Ibhalansi ye-asidi-base egazini iyafana. Ukuba kukho ukungalingani koku, kuthetha ukuba kukho into emzimbeni engasebenzi kakuhle. I-Acidosis okanye i-alkalosis, zombini ezi zinto zinokuba yingozi. Ngoko ke, oogqirha basebenzisa esi siphumo se-anion gap ukuzama ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni ebangela oku kungalingani.

Ndiludinga nini uvavanyo lwe-Anion Gap?

Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela uvavanyo lwegazi oluquka i-anion gap, ingakumbi ukuba ubonisa iimpawu ezibonisa ukuba amanqanaba e-asidi egazini lakho ayalingana. Oko kukuthi, iimpawu ezibangelwa yi-acidosis (ukwanda kwe-asidi) okanye i-alkalosis (ukwanda kwe-alkalinity). Ezi zinokubandakanya:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla
• Ukuhlanza kunye nesicaphucaphu
• Ukudideka
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo
• Ndiziva ndidiniwe kakhulu

Ngamanye amaxesha, xa usenza uvavanyo lwegazi rhoqo ngesizathu esithile, i-Anion Gap ingafakwa kwiphakheji yovavanyo. Kwimeko ezinjalo, usenokungabi nazimpawu zithile, kodwa eli xabiso liza kukhankanywa kwingxelo. Umzekelo, kwiimvavanyo ezinjalo, iziphumo ze-Anion Gap zingabonakala ngolu hlobo:

• Iphaneli yeMetabolic esisiseko (i-BMP)
• Iphaneli eBanzi yeMetabolic (CMP)
• Iphaneli ye-Electrolyte
• Iphaneli Yomsebenzi Wezintso (RFP)

Lwenziwa njani olu vavanyo? Ngaba ndifanele ndoyike ukutsalwa igazi?

Enyanisweni, i-Anion Gap luvavanyo oluthe ngqo kunokuba luvavanyo lwelebhu, apho izazinzulu zilinganisa izinto ezifana ne -sodium, i-chloride, kunye ne-CO2 (i-carbon dioxide) kwisampulu yegazi lakho kwaye zisebenzisa ezo xabiso ukubala ixabiso. Ezi ziphumo zinokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba iimpawu zakho zibangelwa kukunyuka kwe-asidi okanye ukwehla kwe-alkalinity (oko kukuthi, ukunyuka kwe-alkalinity). Inokukunceda nasekuqinisekiseni ukuba unesifo esithile esingabonakaliyo.

Ngaba kukho into ekhethekileyo ekufuneka ndiyenze ngaphambi kokuba ndinikele ngegazi?

Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ukuba kufuneka wenze nantoni na ekhethekileyo ngaphambi kovavanyo lwegazi. Ungacelwa ukuba uzile ukutya iiyure ezimbalwa ngaphambi kovavanyo lwegazi. Kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho ukuba usebenzisa amayeza, kuba amanye amayeza anokuchaphazela iziphumo zovavanyo.

Kwenzeka ntoni xa unikela ngegazi?

Ukunikela ngegazi akoyiki njengoko unokucinga. Nantsi into edla ngokwenzeka:

• Uza kuhlala esitulweni. Emva koko ingcali ye-phlebotomist iza kukhetha umthambo olula engalweni yakho ukuze itsale igazi kuwo. Banokubeka irabha ejikeleze ingalo engasentla ukuze imithambo ibonakale. Amaxesha amaninzi, igazi litsalwa ngaphakathi kwengqiniba.
• Nje ukuba umthambo ufunyenwe, indawo leyo icocekile kwaye ibulawe iintsholongwane.
• Emva koko, kufakwa inaliti encinci emthanjeni kwaye kuthathwa isampuli yegazi. Ngeli xesha, ungaziva ulunywa kancinci, njengokulunywa imbovane . Oku kuhlala imizuzwana embalwa.
• Emva kokufaka inaliti, igazi elincinci liqokelelwa kwityhubhu yovavanyo.
• Emva kokuthatha igazi elaneleyo lovavanyo, inaliti iyasuswa kwaye isiqwenga sekotoni okanye i-gauze sibekwe kwindawo leyo size sicinezelwe ukuze kumiswe ukopha.
• Emva koko kufakwa iplasta encinci kuloo ndawo. Yiyo loo nto, umsebenzi ugqityiwe!

Le nkqubo yonke idla ngokuthatha ngaphantsi kwemizuzu emihlanu .

Kwenzeka ntoni emva kovavanyo? Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukufumana ingxelo?

Isampuli yegazi lakho ithunyelwa kwilabhoratri ukuze ivavanywe. Apho, isazinzulu selabhoratri yezonyango silungiselela isampuli size senze uvavanyo sisebenzisa oomatshini abakhethekileyo (ii-blood analyzers).

Nje ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo zifike, ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela iziphumo, okanye zingadweliswa kwirekhodi yakho yezonyango ye-elektroniki. Ukuba uneempawu, ezinje ngokuphefumla kancinci okanye ukuhlanza, kwaye une-anion gap test, ungafumana iziphumo kwiiyure ezimbalwa . Nangona kunjalo, ukuba olu vavanyo lwenziwa njengenxalenye yephakheji yovavanyo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo (njenge-basic metabolic panel), kungathatha usuku olunye ukuya kwezimbini zomsebenzi ukuba iziphumo zibuye.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingozi ngolu vavanyo lwegazi?

Uvavanyo lwegazi luyindlela eqhelekileyo neyimfuneko kwezonyango. Akukho mingcipheko mikhulu ebandakanyekayo ekunikeleni ngegazi. Unokufumana imivumbo emincinci okanye ukudumba apho igazi litsalwe khona. Kodwa oku kuya kuphela kungekapheli usuku okanye ezimbini. Ngoko ungakhathazeki ngako.

Kulungile, ngoku le ngxelo ka-Anion Gap isixelela ntoni?

Ingxelo yovavanyo lwegazi, kuquka iziphumo zovavanyo lwegazi lwe-Anion Gap, idla ngokuqulatha olu lwazi lulandelayo:

• Igama lovavanyo lwegazi, okanye oko kwalinganiswa egazini lakho.
• Inani okanye umlinganiselo weziphumo zovavanyo lwakho lwegazi.
• Uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lokulinganisa lwelebhu kolo vavanyo.
• Ingaba iziphumo zakho ziqhelekile, aziqhelekanga, ziphezulu okanye ziphantsi?

Yintoni i-anion gap eqhelekileyo?

Enyanisweni, akukho xabiso linye le-Anion Gap elithi "eli lixabiso eliqhelekileyo kuye wonke umntu." Xa ufumana iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho lwegazi, ingxelo iya kuchaza nokuba loluphi uluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwe-Anion Gap kuloo labhoratri.

Kwakhona, olu luhlu "oluqhelekileyo" lwe-Anion Gap lunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, abantu abasebenzisa iyeza i-Lithium Carbonate yesifo se-bipolar banokufumana i-Anion Gap ephantsi kancinci ngenxa yeyeza.

Kuthetha ukuthini ukuba umsantsa we-anion uyanda? Ingaba uyingozi?

Ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho lwegazi zibonisa i-Anion Gap ephezulu , usenokuba ne -acidosis . Oku kuthetha ukuba igazi lakho line-asidi engaphezulu kunesiqhelo (i-pH yegazi lakho iphantsi kunesiqhelo).

I-Acidosis inokubangelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo:

• Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni: Ukungafumani manzi aneleyo emzimbeni.
• Urhudo : Urhudo lubangela ukuba kulahleke ulwelo oluninzi kunye nee-electrolytes emzimbeni.
• Ukuzilolonga kakhulu : Ukuzilolonga kakhulu kunokubangela ukuba izinto ezifana ne-lactic acid ziqokelele emzimbeni.

Ukongeza kwezi, i-acidosis inokuba luphawu lwezinye izifo ezininzi ezinzulu :

• Isifo Sezintso : Izintso eziphilileyo zikhupha i-asidi egqithisileyo emzimbeni ngomchamo. Nangona kunjalo, kubantu abanesifo sezintso, izintso azikwazi ukwenza lo msebenzi ngokufanelekileyo. I-asidi iyaqokelelana emzimbeni, nto leyo ebangela imeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-metabolic acidosis.
• Isifo seswekile : I-Acidosis inokwenzeka, ingakumbi ukuba unesifo seswekile sohlobo loku-1 esingafunyaniswanga. Xa ipancreas ingavelisi i-insulin eyaneleyo, iiseli azikwazi ukwamkela iswekile (iglucose), kwaye igazi linokuba ne-asidi.
• I-Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) : Le yingxaki enkulu, esongela ubomi ebangelwa kukungabikho kwe-insulin kwisifo seswekile esingafunyaniswanga.
• Ityhefu yeSalicylate (`(Ityhefu yeSalicylate / Ityhefu yeSalicylate)`) : ISalicylate yikhemikhali efumaneka kwiimithi ezininzi ezithengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha kunye neyeza likagqirha. I-Aspirin liyeza eliqhelekileyo eliqulethe le salicylate. Ukusela kakhulu kwezi okanye ukuthatha i-overdose kunokukhokelela kwityhefu yesalicylate, nto leyo ekwasongela ubomi.

Kubalulekile: Isithuba esiphezulu se-anion asisoloko sithetha isifo esinzima. Nangona kunjalo, ugqirha uza kukhangela unobangela.

Kuthekani ukuba umsantsa we-anion uyancipha? Oko akwenzeki rhoqo, akunjalo?

Ewe, kunqabile kakhulu ukuba i-Anion Gap ibonise ixabiso eliphantsi . Ke ngoko, ugqirha wakho usenokuphinda uvavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iziphumo zichanekile.

Ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho lwegazi zibonisa umsantsa ophantsi we-anion, oko kuthetha ukuba unenqanaba elingaphantsi kuneliqhelekileyo leprotheyini ebizwa ngokuba yi-albumin egazini lakho (hypoalbuminemia). I-Albumin yiprotheyini ebalulekileyo egazini lethu. Amanqanaba aphantsi e-albumin anokubangelwa zizifo ezifana nezi:

• Iingxaki zezintso
• Isifo sentliziyo
• Isifo sesibindi
• Iintlobo ezithile zomhlaza

Kwakhona, iziphumo ze-anion ezisezantsi azixhaphakanga. Qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho ukuba ufuna ukwazi okungakumbi malunga neziphumo zovavanyo lwakho.

Ngoko ke, ngaba simele sikhathazeke xa lo msantsa we-anion usanda okanye uncipha?

Nokuba iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho lwegazi zibonisa i-Anion Gap ephezulu okanye ephantsi, akuthethi ukuba unesifo esinzima . Zininzi izinto ezichaphazela amanqanaba akho e-electrolyte, ezinokuchaphazela nomlinganiselo we-Anion Gap. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba kukho into engahambanga kakuhle xa kuqokelelwa isampuli yegazi, kuyiswa kwilebhu, okanye kwenziwa uvavanyo.

Xa ugqirha wakho ehlalutya iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho lwegazi, uza kuqwalasela izinto ezininzi, njengembali yakho epheleleyo yezonyango kunye namayeza owasebenzisayo . Ukuba iziphumo zakho ze-Anion Gap aziqhelekanga, banokuyalela iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ukuze kufunyanwe isifo. Akukho mntu uthanda ukuvavanywa kwegazi, ingakumbi ukuba kufuneka kwenziwe amaxesha amaninzi ngokulandelelana. Nangona kunjalo, yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuqinisekisa ukuba amanqanaba akho e-electrolyte alungile.

Ukuba unemibuzo malunga neziphumo, ungoyiki ukubuza ugqirha wakho. Bakhona ukukunceda.

Okokugqibela, ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka sizikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngoko ke sithethe kakhulu ngovavanyo lwe-Anion Gap. Nazi ezinye zezinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule:

• I-Anion Gap lubalo olubalulekileyo: lubonelela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo malunga nebhalansi ye-acid-base yegazi lakho.
• Ixabiso eliphezulu okanye eliphantsi alisoloko liyingozi: Musa ukothuka kukutshintsha ngequbuliso kwexabiso kwingxelo yakho. Kunokubakho ezinye izizathu zalo.
• Ugqirha wakho ngoyena mgwebi ulungileyo: Ngugqirha wakho kuphela onokujonga imeko yakho yempilo epheleleyo, enze iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ukuba kuyimfuneko, aze achaze iziphumo.
• Buza imibuzo: Ukuba kukho into ongayiqondiyo, musa ukuyigcina kuwe, kodwa buza ugqirha wakho.

Khumbula: Awunakuyifumanisa isifo ngokujonga nje inombolo ekwingxelo. Ngoko ke, mthembe ugqirha wakho kwaye ulandele icebiso lakhe. Emva koko ungahlala usempilweni!

I- Anion Gap, Uvavanyo lweGazi, i-Acidosis, i-Alkalosis, ii-Electrolytes, i-Acidity yegazi