Ungalisebenzisa igazi ukujonga umhlaza? (Uvavanyo lwegazi lomhlaza) Masithethe ngale nto!

Xa sikrokrela umhlaza, umbuzo omkhulu oza engqondweni yethu ngulo, 'Ngaba oku kungafunyanwa egazini?' Enyanisweni, oogqirha basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuxilonga umhlaza, ukubona inqanaba lawo, kunye nokucwangcisa unyango. Phakathi kwezi, uvavanyo lwegazi sisixhobo esibalulekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba uvavanyo lwegazi lodwa alusoloko lwanele ukuqinisekisa umhlaza.

Ngaba umhlaza ungafunyanwa ngovavanyo lwegazi kuphela?

Ngamafutshane, uninzi lomhlaza alunakubonwa ngovavanyo lwegazi lodwa. Nangona kunjalo, eminye imihlaza yegazi inokubonwa ngale ndlela. Nazi imizekelo embalwa:

• I-lymphoma yeHodgkin
• I-lymphoma engeyiyo iHodgkin
• I-Leukemia
• I-myeloma eninzi

Ezi zinokufunyanwa ngovavanyo lwegazi, kodwa eminye imiphunga, amabele kunye nomhlaza wamathumbu kunzima ukuyifumana ngovavanyo lwegazi lodwa.

Zeziphi iintlobo zovavanyo lwegazi ezisetyenziselwa ukubona umhlaza?

Oogqirha bahlulahlula uvavanyo lwegazi lomhlaza lube ziintlobo ezine eziphambili. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi.

Inani elipheleleyo legazi (i-CBC)

Olu luvavanyo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo oluhlala lwenziwa. Eminye imihlaza yegazi, efana ne-leukemia kunye ne-lymphoma, inokuchongwa ngolu vavanyo (CBC). Ikwanceda ugqirha wakho ukuba afumane umbono wendlela umzimba wakho osabela ngayo kunyango kunye nokuba umhlaza usasazeke na kumongo wakho wethambo. Nangona kunjalo, ayinakukwazi ukubona imihlaza efana nomhlaza wemiphunga, webele, okanye wamathumbu amakhulu.

Uvavanyo lwegazi lwe-Tumor Marker

Olu vavanyo lukhangela iikhemikhali ezithile eziveliswa yimizimba yethu yonke imihla egazini lethu. Ukuba zininzi kakhulu ezi khemikhali egazini, kunokuba luphawu lomhlaza. Umzekelo, uvavanyo lwe-`CA-125` ludla ngokusetyenziswa ukucwangcisa unyango lomhlaza we-ovarian kunye ne-pancreatic kunye nokujonga ukuba umhlaza ubuyile na. Olunye luvavanyo lwe-`PSA (i-prostate-specific antigen)`. Olu `(PSA)` yiproteni eveliswa yi-`(prostate)` gland kumadoda. Ukunyuka kwenqanaba le-`(PSA)` egazini kunokuba luphawu lomhlaza we-prostate.

Uvavanyo lweeProtheyini zeGazi

Olu vavanyo lukhangela amanqanaba angaqhelekanga eeproteni egazini lakho. Amanqanaba aphezulu kakhulu eeproteni anokuba luphawu lomhlaza wegazi, ingakumbi i-leukemia, i-lymphoma, kunye ne-multiple myeloma. Ezinye iimvavanyo, ezifana ne-Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP), ziquka nje uvavanyo lweproteni iyonke. Oko kunokubonelela ngolu lwazi.

Uvavanyo lwe-CTC (CTC) olujikelezayo

Olu luhlobo lwe-biopsy yolwelo. Ikhangela iiseli zomhlaza egazini lakho. Ngamanye amaxesha iziqwenga ezincinci zeeseli zomhlaza zinokuqhekeka zingene egazini lakho. Oogqirha basebenzisa olu vavanyo ukuqikelela iziphumo zexesha elizayo zabantu abanomhlaza webele, we-prostate, okanye wamathumbu amakhulu. Ukuba inqanaba le-CTC egazini lakho liphantsi, okanye alibonakali, olo luphawu oluhle. Kodwa ukuba kukho ii-CTC ezininzi egazini lakho, olo ayilophawu lulungileyo, kwaye unokufuna unyango olongezelelweyo.

Zeziphi ezinye iimvavanyo ezifunekayo ukuqinisekisa umhlaza?

Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, uvavanyo lwegazi lodwa alunakwanela ukuqinisekisa umhlaza. Ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka wenze olunye uvavanyo oluninzi. Ezinye zazo zezi:

• I- Biopsy : Oku kuquka ukuthatha isampuli encinci yezicubu kwilungu elirhanelekayo okanye umongo wethambo uze uyithumele kwilebhu apho ihlalutywa khona.
• Uvavanyo lokufota : Olu vavanyo lunokubandakanya ii-X-ray, ii-CT (computed tomography), ii-MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), okanye ii-PET (positron emission tomography). Ezi vavanyo zinceda ugqirha ukuba afumane indawo yezimila ezinomhlaza kwaye afumanise inqanaba lazo.
• Uvavanyo olukhethekileyo : Ngamanye amaxesha kunokufuneka olunye uvavanyo olukhethekileyo. Umzekelo, i-mammogram inokwenziwa ukunceda ekufumaneni umhlaza webele, okanye i-Pap smear ingenziwa ukuze kufunyanwe umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.

Ngaba amanqanaba okuqala omhlaza angafunyanwa ngegazi?

Uninzi lwemihlaza alubonakali xa kuvavanywa igazi rhoqo xa sele iqalile. Nangona kunjalo, ngoku kukho uvavanyo lwegazi olukhethekileyo olunokufumanisa umhlaza kwabanye abantu kwasekuqaleni.

• ` Uvavanyo lweGalleri` : Olu luvavanyo lwegazi olukhethekileyo. Lunokubona iintlobo zomhlaza ezingaphezu kwama-50! Lusebenzisa iteknoloji ebizwa ngokuba yi-`DNA sequencing` ukufumana iipateni ezikhethekileyo zomhlaza. Lunokuxelela ugqirha ukuba unomhlaza na kwaye uqale phi.
• Uvavanyo lweplasma olusekelwe kwiProteomics : Uphononongo lwango-2024 lufumanise ukuba uvavanyo olutsha lwegazi lunokufumanisa iintlobo ezili-18 zomhlaza kwasekuqaleni. (IProteomics luphononongo lweeproteni zeseli kunye nendlela ezisebenza ngayo.) Olu phononongo, olwaluquka abantu abangama-440, luchonge ama-93% omhlaza weSigaba soku-1 kumadoda kunye nama-84% omhlaza weSigaba soku-1 kubasetyhini. Nangona kufuneka uphando olongezelelekileyo, olu vavanyo lwegazi lunokuba yindlela eqhelekileyo yokufumanisa umhlaza kwixesha elizayo.

Iziphumo zovavanyo olunjalo mazitolikwe ngononophelo olukhulu.Kwakhona, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka uthethe nogqirha ofanelekileyo malunga novavanyo olulandelayo kunye nonyango ekufuneka ulwenze.

Siyazi ukuba kunzima kakhulu ukubona umhlaza kwisigaba sawo sokuqala. Nangona kunjalo, ukuvavanywa rhoqo komhlaza kunokunceda ekufumaneni ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza ngaphambi kokuba kuvele iimpawu. Buza ugqirha wakho malunga nokuhlolwa okufanelekileyo kwiminyaka yakho. Oku kuya kukunceda uhlale usempilweni.

Uvavanyo lwegazi lomhlaza lusebenza njani?

Xa zidityaniswe nezinye iimvavanyo, uvavanyo lwegazi lunokunika ugqirha wakho ulwazi olubalulekileyo. Cinga ngale ndlela...

• Ngaba kukho iikhemikhali kunye neeproteni egazini lakho ezibonisa umhlaza?
• Isenokuba ngumhlaza, nokuba amanqanaba eeseli zegazi aphezulu kakhulu okanye aphantsi kakhulu.
• Ithini inqanaba lomhlaza ?
• Luphumelele kangakanani unyango ?
• Ingaba umhlaza ubuyile (uphinda ubuye)?

Ungazilungiselela njani uvavanyo lwegazi lomhlaza?

Ugqirha wakho uza kukunika imiyalelo ethile malunga nendlela yokulungiselela uvavanyo lwakho lwegazi. Le miyalelo ingahluka ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lovavanyo olulwenzayo.

Ngamanye amaxesha, unokucelwa ukuba "uzile ukutya" iiyure ezisi-8 ukuya kwezili-12 ngaphambi kovavanyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba akufanele utye okanye usele nantoni na ngaphandle kwamanzi. Ungacelwa ukuba uyeke ukusebenzisa amayeza athile ngaphambi kovavanyo.

Yintoni omawuyilindele xa usenza uvavanyo lwegazi?

Kuthatha imizuzu embalwa nje ukuthatha isampuli yegazi kuwe. Nantsi indlela ugqirha okanye umongikazi akwenza ngayo oku:

• Okokuqala, i-tourniquet ibotshelelwe engalweni yakho engasentla.
• Emva koko, ibala eluswini lwakho liyacocwa, rhoqo ngaphakathi kwengqiniba yakho okanye esandleni sakho.
• Kufakwa inaliti kuloo ndawo. Ngelo xesha, ungaziva urhawuzelelwa kancinci, njengokulunywa imbovane.
• Khulula ibhande eliqinileyo kancinci.
• Ityhubhu iqhagamshelwe kwinaliti kwaye igazi lizaliswa kuyo.
• Emva koko zombini ibhendi kunye nephini ziyasuswa.
• Kufakwa uxinzelelo oluncinci (lucinezelwe) ukuze kumiswe ukopha kwindawo ebhoboziweyo.
• Ekugqibeleni, kufakwa ibhandishi kuloo ndawo.

Kulula kakhulu, akunjalo?

Yintoni onokuyilindela emva kovavanyo lwegazi?

Emva kovavanyo lwegazi lomhlaza, kuya kufuneka ugcine iplasta ivuliwe iiyure ezimbalwa. Kwakhona, ukuba ugqirha wakho ukucebisa, kunokufuneka uphephe ukuzilolonga iiyure ezimbalwa emva kovavanyo. (Ukuba isantya sentliziyo yakho siyanda, ukopha kunokunyuka.)

Zithini iingozi okanye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zovavanyo lwegazi?

Uvavanyo lwegazi lukhuselekile kakhulu, kwaye iingozi ziphantsi kakhulu. Unokufumana ukukrweleka okanye ukudumba kwindawo yenaliti. Amaxesha amaninzi, umthambo unokudumba. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, ukufaka into efudumeleyo (njengelaphu elifudumeleyo okanye i-heating pad) kunokunceda.

Ndiza kuzazi nini iziphumo zovavanyo lwam?

Kusenokwenzeka ukuba iziphumo zakho uza kuzifumana kungekapheli usuku okanye ezimbini. Nangona kunjalo, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lovavanyo oluqhutywayo, kungathatha iintsuku ezininzi.

Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ukuba ulindele nini iziphumo kunye nendlela yokuzixoxa nawe ngexesha lakho lokudibana.

Ukuba iziphumo zam aziqhelekanga, kuza kwenzeka ntoni emva koko?

Ukuba uvavanyo lwakho lwegazi lubonisa ukuba usenokuba nomhlaza, ugqirha wakho uza kukuthumela kwingcali yomhlaza. Loo ngcali ingenza iimvavanyo ezingaphezulu ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kwaye icebise isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo.

Unyango lomhlaza lusoloko lufuna iqela leengcali ezahlukeneyo. Ugqirha wakho womhlaza uza kusebenza neengcali ezahlukeneyo ukukunika unyango olufunayo.

Ngaba iphaneli ye-lipid ingawubona umhlaza?

Hayi, oogqirha abazisebenzisi ii-lipid panels ukufumanisa umhlaza. I-lipid panel luvavanyo olulinganisa amanqanaba e-cholesterol kunye ne-triglycerides egazini lakho. Inceda oogqirha babone umngcipheko wakho wokuba nezifo zentliziyo, ezifana ne-stroke kunye nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo.

Nangona uvavanyo lwam lwegazi luqhelekile, ngaba ndinokuba nomhlaza?

Ewe, nokuba iziphumo zakho zovavanyo lwegazi ziqhelekile, usenokuba nomhlaza. Isizathu soku kukuba uvavanyo lwegazi lodwa alukwazi ukubona uninzi lweentlobo zomhlaza. Eminye imihlaza yegazi, efana ne-leukemia, i-lymphoma, kunye ne-multiple myeloma, ayifani nalo mthetho.

Ukulinda ukufumanisa ukuba unomhlaza na kunokuvakala ngathi ixesha liphelile. Kunokuba nzima ukuqhubeka nobomi bakho bemihla ngemihla ngaphandle kokwazi ukuba ingomso liza kukuphathela ntoni. Ugqirha wakho uza kwenza uvavanyo oluninzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba unesifo - kwaye ukujonga igazi lakho ukuba unesifo somhlaza yenye yazo. Baza kukuchazela ukuba uvavanyo ngalunye luza kwenza ntoni kwaye iziphumo zakho ziya kuthetha ntoni.

Nazi ezinye zezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka sizikhumbule kweli nqaku:

Kulungile, ngoko ke sithethe kakhulu ngomhlaza kunye novavanyo lwegazi namhlanje. Ngamafutshane, nazi izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka uzikhumbule:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi yinxalenye enye yenkqubo yokufumanisa umhlaza. Kwiimeko ezininzi, uvavanyo lwegazi lodwa alunakuqinisekisa umhlaza.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi lunokubonelela ngeenkcukacha malunga neminye imihlaza enxulumene negazi (iLeukemia, iLymphoma).
• Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo lwegazi, ezifana `(CBC)`, `(Tumor markers)`, `(Blood protein tests)`, kunye `(CTC tests),` kwaye nganye kuzo ijonga izinto ezahlukeneyo.
• Ukuqinisekisa umhlaza , kufuneka iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ezifana ne-biopsy kunye novavanyo lwe-imaging.
• Uvavanyo olutsha lwegazi (uvavanyo lweGalleri, uvavanyo olusekelwe kwiProteomics) olunokufumanisa umhlaza kwizigaba zawo zokuqala nalo luyaphandwa, kodwa alusetyenziswa ngokubanzi.
• Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba unomhlaza, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko. Baza kukuxelela kanye kanye ukuba loluphi uvavanyo olufunekayo.
• Nokuba iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho lwegazi ziqhelekile, yazisa ugqirha wakho ukuba unezinye iimpawu, kuba ayizizo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza ezibonakala egazini.

Ngoko ke, ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luza kukunceda. Ukuba unemibuzo engaphezulu malunga nantoni na, ungathandabuzi ukubuza ugqirha wakho. Ngabo banokukunika icebiso elifanelekileyo.

Umhlaza , uvavanyo lwegazi, iimpawu zethumba, i-CBC, ukuxilongwa, unyango lomhlaza, i-leukemia