Masithethe 'ngokwangaphakathi ngaphandle' kwethu: i-adrenal cortex!

Ngaba wakha wacinga ngomsebenzi owenziwa ziindawo ezincinci emzimbeni wakho? Ngamanye amaxesha asiqondi, kodwa asinakuhlala siphilile ngaphandle kwazo. Enye inxalenye ebalulekileyo, kodwa esingathethi kakhulu ngayo, yi-adrenal cortex, okanye ngesiNgesi, i-"Adrenal Cortex". Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni i-adrenal cortex? Iphi?

Ngamafutshane, inxalenye engaphandle ye-adrenal gland yakho yileyo siyibiza ngokuba yi-adrenal cortex. Ivelisa iihomoni ezininzi ezibalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kwemizimba yethu.

Khawuthelekelele, uneentso ezimbini, kwaye phezu kwezo zintso zimbini, njengesiciko, kukho ezi glands zimbini ze-adrenal. Ukuchaneka, ngaphantsi nje kwembambo yakho. Ngaphakathi kweli gland le-adrenal kukho into ebizwa ngokuba yi-'Cortex'. Le cortex yeyona nxalenye inkulu yegland, oko kuthetha ukuba malunga ne-85% yezicubu ze-adrenal gland zenziwe ngayo. Le gland imile njengekhukhi yethamsanqa yaseTshayina!

Ukongeza kwi-cortex, i-adrenal gland ikwanayo nenxalenye encinci yangaphakathi, ebizwa ngokuba yi-mid part okanye `(medulla) .` Kodwa namhlanje sithetha kakhulu nge-outer cortex `(Cortex).`

Iileya ze-Adrenal Cortex kunye nemisebenzi yazo

Le adrenal cortex ayilohlobo olunye lwezicubu. Ineeleya ezintathu ezibonakala ngokucacileyo, oko kukuthi, iileya ezintathu. Into emangalisayo kukuba nganye kwezi leya ivelisa iihomoni ezahlukeneyo, kodwa ezibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi?

• I-Zona glomerulosa: Le yilaphu engaphandle.
• I-Zona fasciculata: Oku kuphakathi.
• I-Zona reticularis: Le yingqimba engaphakathi.

Ngoku makhe sijonge ngokusondeleyo iihomoni eziveliswa yile layer nganye kunye neenkonzo ezizibonelelayo emizimbeni yethu.

I-Zona glomerulosa - I-hormone ebalulekileyo evela kumaleko angaphandle

Olu layer lungaphandle luvelisa ihomoni ebizwa ngokuba yi-aldosterone . Oku kuchaphazela imizimba yethu ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

Umzekelo, le hormone inceda ekulawuleni ubungakanani bamanzi emzimbeni wakho, nto leyo ethetha ukugcinwa kwamanzi . Ikwanceda umzimba wakho ukuba ufunxe i-sodium emathunjini akho kwaye ikhuphe i-potassium engaphezulu kumchamo wakho . Oku kunceda ukugcina uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye netyuwa ibhalansi yakho.

I-Zona fasciculata - "I-hormone yoxinzelelo" evela ebuchotsheni obuphakathi

Umaleko ophakathi, i-zona fasciculata, uvelisa i-cortisol.Le yi-hormone eyaziwayo kakhulu, usenokuba ukhe wayiva ibizwa ngokuba yi-"stress hormone." Kodwa ayizenzeki nje xa uxinezelekile. Nantsi into eyenzayo:

• Ilawula amanqanaba eswekile egazini: Oku kunceda ukugcina amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho elawulwa.
• Inceda kwimetabolism: Oku kubalulekile kwinkqubo yokuguqula iicarbohydrate, iiproteni kunye namafutha esiwatyayo abe ngamandla afunwa ngumzimba wethu.
• Ilawula uxinzelelo lwegazi: Oku kubalulekile nasekugcineni uxinzelelo lwegazi lwakho lulawulwa.
• Ithintela ukudumba: Inceda ekulawuleni ukudumba kunye nokubomvu (ukudumba) nakweyiphi na indawo yomzimba.
• Ilawula umjikelo wokulala nokuvuka: Njengewotshi ekuncedayo ukuba ulale ebusuku kwaye uvuke kusasa.
• Uxinzelelo luyandisa amanqanaba eglucose: Xa ujongene nosongelo okanye uxinzelelo olukhawulezileyo, amanqanaba eswekile egazini lakho ayanda ngoko nangoko ukuze akunike amandla owadingayo ukuze ujongane nalo.

Uyabona, i-`(Cortisol)` ayisiyo hormone nje kuphela!

I-Zona reticularis - iihomoni zesini ezivela kumaleko angaphakathi

Olu maleko lwangaphakathi, i-zona reticularis, luvelisa iihomoni zesini ezibizwa ngokuba yi-androgens . Enye yezona zibalulekileyo kwezi yi -DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) . Ezi homoni ze-androgen zibalulekile kumadoda nakubafazi. Jonga:

• Inceda ekuxineni kwamathambo: Ezi zibalulekile ekugcineni inkqubo yamathambo eqinileyo.
• Inegalelo ekufikiseni: La ma-hormone achaphazela utshintsho oluvela emzimbeni ngexesha lokufikisa.
• Inceda ekuveliseni iiseli ezibomvu zegazi: Ezi zikwanceda ekuveliseni iiseli ezibomvu ezithwala ioksijini emzimbeni wonke.
• Ixhasa ukusebenza ngokwesondo.

Ezi hormone ze-androgen zenza eminye imisebenzi ekhethekileyo emzimbeni wendoda :

• Ukujula kwelizwi: Ezi zinto zibangela ukuba iintambo zelizwi zibe nde kwaye zitshintshe ilizwi.
• Ukukhula kweenwele ebusweni nasesifubeni.
• Inegalelo ekuphuhlisweni kwesidoda.

Ezi hormone ze-androgen nazo zinendima ekhethekileyo emzimbeni womfazi :

• Ilawula umjikelo wokuya exesheni wenyanga.
• Idlala indima ekukhulelweni nasekukhulelweni.
• Inciphisa ukulahleka kwamathambo.

Ngoku mhlawumbi uyaqonda ukuba le nxalenye incinci ebizwa ngokuba yi-adrenal cortex isebenza kangakanani emzimbeni wethu ngasese.

Iphuhliswa njani i-adrenal cortex?

Okumangalisayo kukuba le adrenal cortex, yonke i-adrenal gland, yiyo eqala ukwakheka.Kwiiveki zokuqala zokukhulelwa, i-gland ineenxalenye ezimbini: indawo ye-fetal kunye nendawo ecacileyo yomntu omdala. Emva kokuba sizelwe, indawo ye-fetal iyancipha ize inyamalale.

Le gland ikhula kakuhle kuba inegazi elilungileyo. Kwakhona, olu ncedo lwegazi lulungileyo luvumela i-adrenal cortex ukuba ivelise iihomoni kwaye inxibelelane nemithambo-luvo ejikelezileyo.

Ziziphi izifo ezichaphazela i-adrenal cortex?

Ngelishwa, kukho inani lezifo kunye neemeko ezinokuchaphazela le gland ibaluleke kakhulu. Ezinye zazo azixhaphakanga. Ezi zifo zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili. Eyokuqala zizifo ezisebenzayo , nto leyo ethetha ukuba zivelisa inani elingaqhelekanga leehomoni. Olunye uhlobo zizifo ezingasebenziyo , nto leyo ethetha ukuba azivelisi iihomoni, kodwa zinokubangela ezinye iingxaki ngegland.

Nazi ezinye zezifo ezinokubonwa ezinxulumene ne-adrenal glands:

• Isifo sika-Addison (esikwabizwa ngokuba kukungasebenzi kakuhle kwe-adrenal)
• Iithumba ze-adrenal
• I-Adrenocortical carcinoma (lo ngumhlaza owenzeka kwi-adrenal cortex)
• I-Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (le yimeko ekhoyo ekuzalweni)
• I-Conn's syndrome (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-primary aldosteronism)
• I-Cushing's syndrome (Oku kubangelwa kukuveliswa kakhulu kwehomoni i-cortisol - `(Hypercortisolism)`)
• I-Hyperaldosteronism (apho i-hormone i-aldosterone iveliswa ngokugqithisileyo)

Zithini iimpawu zezi zifo?

Amaxesha amaninzi, umonakalo obangelwa sisifo se-adrenal gland uyenzeka kancinci kakhulu. Ngoko ke usenokungaziboni iimpawu kwizigaba zokuqala. Kodwa xa iimpawu zibonakala, zinokuba mandundu kancinci kancinci ude ufumane unyango olufanelekileyo.

Unokufumana iimpawu ezichaphazela izinto ezifana nezi:

• Umnqweno wokutya: Kukungathandi ukutya okanye indlala egqithisileyo.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi: Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu okanye oluphantsi.
• Amanqanaba eswekile egazini: Amanqanaba eswekile egazini aphezulu okanye aphantsi.
• Impilo yentliziyo: Izinto ezifana notshintsho kwisantya sentliziyo.
• Isimo sengqondo: Ukucaphuka rhoqo, ixhala, ukudakumba.
• Amandla emisipha: Ubuthathaka, iintlungu zemisipha.
• Ulusu: Ukutshintsha kombala wolusu, ulusu olomileyo, amabala.
• Ubunzima:Ukunyuka okanye ukwehla kobunzima ngequbuliso.

Ukuba unenye okanye ezimbini kwezi mpawu akuthethi ukuba unengxaki ye-adrenal. Kodwa ukuba ziyaqhubeka, kulungile ukubona ugqirha ukuze akunike ingcebiso.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwezifo ze-adrenal cortex?

Ngethamsanqa, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango zezi zifo ze-adrenal. Unyango olungcono kuwe luya kuxhomekeka kwisifo sakho kunye nobunzima beempawu zakho.

Unyango lungabandakanya:

• Unyango lokutshintshwa kwamahomoni: Ukuba umzimba wakho awukwazi ukuvelisa amahomoni aneleyo ngokwawo, amahomoni afanayo anikwa ngaphandle. Umzekelo, ukuba une-cortisol ephantsi, ungathatha i-hydrocortisone ngohlobo lwepilisi.
• Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila: Ukwamkela imikhwa esempilweni kunokunceda ekunciphiseni uxinzelelo kwi-adrenal glands. Oku kuquka ukunciphisa utywala, ukutya ukutya okune-sodium ephantsi, kunye nokuyeka ukutshaya nokusebenzisa icuba.
• Amayeza: Ukuba umzimba wakho uvelisa inani eliphezulu kakhulu leehomoni, kukho amayeza anokunceda ekulawuleni. Umzekelo, iSpironolactone ingasetyenziselwa ukuthintela imiphumo ye-aldosterone, okanye iKetoconazole ingasetyenziselwa ukunciphisa imveliso ye-cortisol.
• Unyango lwe-tumor kunye nomhlaza: Ukuba une-tumor, ingakumbi ii-tumor ezinkulu okanye ii-tumor ezivelisa iihomoni, kunokufuneka zisuswe ngotyando. Umhlaza ofana ne-adrenocortical carcinoma unokufuna i-radiation kunye ne-chemotherapy.
• Utyando lweplastiki nolwenziwe ngokutsha: Olu tyando lunceda ukubuyisela amalungu omzimba achaphazeleke ngamanqanaba angaqhelekanga eehomoni. Umzekelo, abanye abantu abanemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Congenital adrenal hyperplasia" banokuba nezitho zangasese ezikhulisiweyo okanye ezingalunganga, nto leyo enokulungiswa ngotyando.

Singayigcina njani i-adrenal cortex yethu isempilweni?

Ukuzinyamekela kakuhle kunceda ukugcina amadlala omzimba wakho wonke, kuquka ne-adrenal cortex yakho, esebenza kumanqanaba afanelekileyo. Oku kulandelayo kunokunceda:

• Ukuphila ubomi obusebenzayo: Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqhubeka nokwenza umthambo. Kuhle ukuba ungenza into efana nokuhamba, ukubaleka, okanye ukudada ubuncinane imizuzu engama-30 ngosuku.
• Yitya ukutya okunesondlo kwaye usele amanzi amaninzi: Yitya imifuno, iziqhamo, kunye neenkozo ezipheleleyo. Nciphisa iziselo ezineswekile, ukutya okunamafutha, kunye nokutya okukhawulezayo kangangoko unako. Ungalibali ukusela amanzi amaninzi imini yonke.
• Ukulawula uxinezeleko:Izinto ezifana nokucamngca kunye neyoga zinokukunceda uphumle. Ukuzibandakanya kwinto oyithandayo kukwayindlela elungileyo yokunciphisa uxinzelelo.
• Fumana unyango lokuthintela: Ukutyelela ugqirha wakho rhoqo ukuze uhlolwe umzimba kunokukunceda ekukhuselekeni kwizifo ezininzi.

Khumbula, i-adrenal cortex yinxalenye engaphandle ye-adrenal gland yakho. Ivelisa iihomoni ezibalulekileyo ekusebenzeni kwamalungu omzimba wethu kunye neenkqubo zomzimba.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

I-adrenal cortex esithethe ngayo namhlanje yindawo emzimbeni wethu eyenza umsebenzi othuleyo, kodwa obaluleke kakhulu.

• Oku kukwinxalenye engaphandle ye-adrenal glands, efumaneka ngaphezulu kwezintso.
• Ivelisa iihomoni ezibalulekileyo ebomini, ezifana ne-aldosterone, i-cortisol, kunye ne-androgens. Ezi homoni zilawula izinto ezininzi, kubandakanya uxinzelelo lwethu lwegazi, iswekile yegazi, imetabolism, impendulo yoxinzelelo, kunye nophuhliso lwesondo.
• Ezinye iimeko zonyango zinokuphazamisa ukusebenza kwale cortex. Ngamanye amaxesha i-hormone eninzi kakhulu inokuveliswa, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha incinci kakhulu.
• Ukuphila ubomi obusempilweni, ukutya ukutya okunesondlo, ukuzilolonga, kunye nokulawula uxinzelelo kunendima enkulu ekugcineni impilo ye-adrenal cortex.
• Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, ungathandabuzi ukufuna ingcebiso kugqirha. Unyango olukhawulezileyo lunokusombulula iingxaki ezininzi.

Ngoko ke, ndicinga ukuba ngoku uyazi okuninzi ngale 'ndlu yamandla' incinci emzimbeni wakho. Kufuneka ube nomdla wokuyigcina isempilweni, akunjalo?

I- Adrenal Cortex, iiHormones, iCortisol, iAldosterone, iAndrogens, iAdrenal Gland