Ngaba ugqirha ukuxelele ukuba umntwana wakho omncinci une-autism? Kuqhelekile ukuba umzali azive esoyika, elusizi, kwaye enemibuzo emininzi xa esiva ezi ndaba. "Liza kuba njani ikamva lomntwana wam?" "Akasayi kuze akwazi ukufana nabanye abantwana?" "Senza ntoni ngoku?" Usenokuba uzibuza. Nangona kunjalo, uphando lwezonyango olubalulekileyo kutshanje luzise ithemba elincinane ezintliziyweni zethu. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngale nto intsha ifunyenweyo kunye nento onokuyifunda kuyo njengomzali womntwana one-autism.
Luthini olu phononongo lutsha?
Uphononongo olwenziwe ngabaphandi kwiBoston Children's Hospital eMelika lufumanise into emangalisayo kakhulu. Oko kukuthi, ngaphezu kwesithathu (37%) sabantwana abafunyaniswe bene-autism spectrum disorder (ASD) ebuntwaneni baye badlula kwiimpawu xa beneminyaka emi-6 ubudala .
Olu phononongo lubandakanye abantwana abangama-213 abafunyaniswe bene-ASD abaphakathi kweminyaka eli-1 ne-3 ubudala. Aba bantwana bafunyaniswe beneminyaka eyi-2 ½ ubudala. Aba bantwana bavavanywa kwakhona phakathi kweminyaka emi-5 ne-7 ubudala. Kulapho ke ezi ziphumo zimangalisayo zabonwa khona.
Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuxilongwa okwenziwa ebuntwaneni akuyonto isebenzayo kubomi bonke bomntwana kwaye ayinakutshintshwa.
Luluphi unyango abalufumeneyo aba bantwana?
Okubaluleke kakhulu kolu phononongo kukuba wonke umntwana ofunyaniswe enale meko ufumene uhlobo oluthile longenelelo. Ungenelelo olusetyenziswa kakhulu yi -Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) .
Ngoko ke yintoni i-ABA?
Ngamafutshane, oku kuquka ukwandisa ukuziphatha okuhle okunceda umntwana wakho aphuhlise kwaye kunciphise ukuziphatha okubi okungamncediyo. Umzekelo, ukufundisa umntwana wakho ukujonga abanye, ukuthetha, ukuncuma, nokucela into abayifunayo kukuziphatha okuhle. Kwakhona, ukunciphisa izinto ezinje ngokuba wedwa nokwenza izinto ezifanayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo yinxalenye yolu nyango.
Ngolu nyango lwe-ABA, umntwana:
- Izakhono zokunxibelelana
- Ingqwalasela kunye nokugxila
- Izakhono zokuhlalisana nabantu
- Izakhono zokufunda
Kuye kwabonakala ukuba izinto ezininzi zinokuphucuka. Oku kusibonisa ukubaluleka kokuxilonga isifo kwangethuba size siqale olu hlobo lonyango olufanelekileyo kumntwana.
Zithini iimpawu zabantwana abasele bephilile kwisifo?
Esinye isiphumo esinomdla kolu phononongo kukuba bekukho umahluko phakathi kwabantwana abachachayo kwi-ASD kunye nabo baqhubeka benale meko. Makhe sijonge olu lwazi kwitheyibhile.
| Uphawu | Oko abantwana abane-ASD bakuvayo |
|---|---|
| Ubufazi/ubudoda | Ukwanda kwamathuba okuba nabantwana abangamabhinqa (i-ASD idla ngokuxhaphaka kakhulu kubantwana abangamakhwenkwe). |
| Izakhono zemihla ngemihla | Xa esi sifo siqala ukufunyaniswa, umntwana uba nobuchule obuphezulu bokusebenza ngendlela elungeleleneyo. Oko kukuthi, bangcono kancinci kunabanye abantwana kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla efana nokuthetha, ukuzinxibisa, nokwenza izigqibo. |
| I-Intelligence Quotient (IQ) | Bonke abantwana abakweli qela babene-IQ score engama-70 nangaphezulu (i-IQ engaphantsi kwama-70 ithathwa njengophawu lokukhubazeka kwengqondo). |
Oku kubonisa ukuba kusenokubakho ulwalamano phakathi kwezakhono zokuqala zomntwana kunye nendlela asabela ngayo kunyango .
Sisiphi isifundo esifanele sisifunde thina njengabazali koku?
Iziphumo zolu phando zisenokuba zikunike ithemba elingakumbi. Yinto entle leyo. Ngokutsho kukaGqr. Elizabeth Hasted, omnye wabaphandi abaphambili kolu phando, kubalulekile ukuba abazali bahlale bevulelekile engqondweni.
"Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba njengoko umntwana ekhula, kwanezifo zakhe zingatshintsha. Abanye abantwana banokuba notshintsho olukhulu kakhulu kunxibelelwano lwabo lwentlalo kunye nokuziphatha kwabo. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba siqhubeke nokubeka esweni abantwana kwaye silungise unyango njengoko kufuneka," utshilo.
Isigidimi esiphambili esinokusifumana koku ngulo:
- Musa ukuphelelwa lithemba: Ukuba umntwana wakho une-ASD akuthethi ukuba kukuphela kobomi bakhe. Ngenkxaso nonyango olufanelekileyo, banokwenza inkqubela emangalisayo.
- Nxibelelana nogqirha wakho rhoqo: Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nenkqubela yomntwana wakho, naziphi na iingxaki onokuba nazo, kunye nayo yonke enye into. "Gqirha, ubonakala ngathi ungcono kancinci ngoku," "Gqirha, unomkhwa omtsha," njalo njalo.
- Unyango lwangethuba lubalulekile: Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho kwindlela umntwana wakho aziphethe ngayo, njengokungadlali nabanye abantwana, ukungajongani emehlweni xa uthetha, okanye ukungathethi ngendlela efanelekileyo kubudala bakhe, musa ukulibazisa ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha. Okukhona isifo sifunyanwa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona iziphumo zonyango zingcono.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Isifo se-Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) sisenokungabi yimeko ehlala ihleli, engatshintshiyo, kwaye izifundo ezintsha zinika ithemba.
- Nje ukuba umntwana afunyaniswe ene-ASD, kubalulekile ukuqala unyango olufanelekileyo ngokukhawuleza . Iindlela zonyango zokuziphatha, ezifana ne-Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), zibonakalise ukuba zisebenza kakuhle kakhulu.
- Xoxa ngenkqubela yomntwana wakho nogqirha wakho rhoqo . Unyango lunokufuneka lutshintshwe njengoko umntwana wakho ekhula.
- Wonke umntwana wahlukile. Ngoko ke musa ukuthelekisa inkqubela yomntwana wakho nomnye umntwana. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuxhasa umntwana wakho ngomonde nothando .
- Nceda uqonde ukuba olu phononongo lithemba nje kuphela, asilosiqinisekiso esisebenza kuye wonke umntu. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuthembela kwiingcebiso zonyango ezisekelwe kwisayensi .
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