Ngaba uyazi ngale mithambo ibalulekileyo entanyeni yakho? (Imithambo yeJugular) Masithethe ngale nto!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ngenethiwekhi yemithambo esuka entlokweni yethu iye esifubeni, kwaye isebenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu? Ezo yimithambo ye-jugular. Ezi zifana neendlela eziphambili ezithwala igazi elisetyenzisiweyo ukusuka entlokweni yethu ukuya entliziyweni yethu. Ngoko ke namhlanje siza kuthetha ngale mithambo ye-jugular, ukubaluleka kwayo, iingxaki ezinokubakho ngayo, kunye nendlela yokuyigcina isempilweni.

Zithini imithambo yentloko? Ziphi?

Ngamafutshane, umthambo we-jugular yinkqubo enkulu yemithambo yegazi eqala entlokweni yethu ukuya esifubeni sethu esingaphezulu. Zihlala zimbini ezintathu, zizonke zibe yimithambo emithandathu. Nganye kwezi iqokelela igazi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zentloko ize ilibuyisele entliziyweni. Ngoku makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi ezi ntlobo zemithambo kwaye ziphi na apho zikhoyo.

• Imithambo ye-jugular yangaphandle: Le yimithambo ethwala igazi ngaphandle kwentloko yethu. Cinga ngayo njengemithambo ebizwa ngokuba yimithambo ye-occipital ngasemva kwentloko yethu kwaye ibaleka kwicala ngalinye lomqolo wethu. Igama elithi "ngaphandle" lithetha ukuba iphakathi kwamaqela amakhulu emisipha yentamo nolusu, oko kuthetha ukuba ikufutshane kancinci nolusu.
• Imithambo ye-jugular yangaphakathi: Le mithambo mikhulu kancinci kunemithambo yangaphandle ekhankanyiweyo ngaphambili. Le mithambo inceda ekubuyiseleni igazi elivela ebuchotsheni esifubeni. Iqala ngaphakathi kwekhakhayi lethu. Emva koko, njengemithambo yangaphandle, ihamba ngomqolo kumacala omabini. Kodwa umahluko ophambili kukuba ifumaneka phantsi kwemisipha emikhulu yentamo, oko kuthetha ukuba inzulu kancinci ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Umthambo we-jugular wangaphakathi kwicala lasekunene mkhulu kancinci kunelasekhohlo, ngoko oogqirha bawusebenzisa rhoqo ukufaka umgca we-IV.
• Imithambo yentloko engaphambili: Le yeyona mithambo yentloko incinci. Yomibini ikwindawo engaphambili entanyeni, kumacala omabini omphimbo wethu.

Le mithambo inayiphi inzuzo emizimbeni yethu?

Ubusazi na ukuba ingqondo yethu ifuna ioksijini? Khawucinge nje, nangona ingqondo yomntu eqhelekileyo inobunzima obumalunga ne-1.4 yeekhilogram, yi-15% ukuya kwi-20% kuphela yegazi elimpontshelwa yintliziyo yethu eliya engqondweni! Kwakhona, ezinye iindawo zentloko, ezifana nobuso bethu, ulusu lwentloko, neendlebe, nazo zifuna ukujikeleza kwegazi okuhle ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, emva kokuba eli gazi linike ioksijini engqondweni nakwezinye iindawo zentloko, igazi kufuneka libuyele entliziyweni ukuze livule indlela yegazi elitsha. Yiloo nto le mithambo ye-jugular eyenziwa yile. Kungenxa yale mithambo ukuba igazi lihamba ngokufanelekileyo nangokuqhubekayo liye engqondweni nakwezinye iindawo zentloko.

Kubaluleke kakhulu, akunjalo? Njengeendlela eziphambili esixekweni, ngaphandle kwale mithambo yegazi, ukuhamba kwegazi kuya kuphazamiseka.

Imithambo ye-jugular idibene njani?

Emva kokuba lo mthambo we-jugular udlule entanyeni, uqhagamshela komnye umthambo omkhulu. Makhe sibone ukuba njani:

• Ingaphandle: Umthambo we-jugular wangaphandle uqhagamshelwe kumthambo we-subclavian. Umthambo we-subclavian uthetha "phantsi kwe-clavicle." I-clavicle yinxalenye yamathambo ethu e-collarbone.
• Umthambo Wangaphakathi: Umthambo wangaphakathi we-jugular udibanisa nomthambo we-subclavian phantsi kwe-collarbone yethu. Xa sele udibene, uba "ngumthambo we-brachiocephalic." Eli gama lithetha "onxulumene nengalo nentloko."
• Imithambo engaphambili: Le idibana nemithambo engaphandle ye-jugular.

Ekugqibeleni, le mithambo mibini ye-brachiocephalic idibana ngezantsi apho intamo yethu idibana khona nesifuba sethu ukuze yenze umthambo omnye omkhulu. Ubizwa ngokuba yi-"superior vena cava." Lo ngomnye wemithambo emikhulu emzimbeni wethu. Lonke igazi elivela kwiindawo eziphezulu zomzimba wethu lithwalwa libuyele entliziyweni ngalo mthambo.

Ziziphi izifo eziqhelekileyo ezinokuchaphazela le nkqubo yemithambo-luvo?

Nangona zimbalwa izifo ezichaphazela ngqo umthambo we-jugular, ezinye iimeko zinokuwuchaphazela.

• I-Aneurysm : Olu bubuthathaka eludongeni lomthambo wegazi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba inxalenye yomthambo ivuvuke ngaphandle njengebhaluni. Ukuba olu vundu luyaqhekeka okanye luqhekeke, ukopha kakhulu kunokwenzeka kwaye kunokuba yingozi ebomini.
• Isifo seswekile : Nangona isifo seswekile singayichaphazeli ngqo imithambo yejugular, imithambo yejugular yangaphakathi yindawo eqhelekileyo yokufaka umgca we-IV okanye i-cannula (ityhubhu encinci esetyenziselwa ukunika amayeza). Oku kunokwenzeka ngakumbi ukuba umntu ufuna i-dialysis ( i-blood dialysis ).
• I-Stenosis: Oku kukuncitshiswa okanye ukuncitshiswa komthambo wegazi. Oku kunokubangelwa kukwenzakala , amanxeba emva kotyando, okanye izifo ezahlukeneyo.
• I-Thrombosis: Oku kwenzeka xa ihlwili legazi lenzeka ngaphakathi emthanjeni, okanye lenzeka kwenye indawo lize libambeke emthanjeni. Ukuba ihlwili likhulu, linokuthintela ngokupheleleyo ukuhamba kwegazi emthanjeni. Ngamanye amaxesha, amahlwili egazi ayenzeka emva kotyando emqaleni okanye entanyeni, okanye emva kosulelo (njenge-'Lemierre's syndrome') anokuba yingozi kuba usulelo lunokusasazeka emzimbeni wonke luze lubangele imeko enzima, esongela ubomi ebizwa ngokuba yi-'sepsis'.

Zithini iimpawu zengxaki yemithambo ye-jugular?

Ukuba kukho ingxaki kumthambo wakho we-jugular, unokufumana iimpawu ezinxulumene nawo okanye kwiindawo ezinxulumene nawo, njengentloko.

• Ukuvuleka: Xa uxinzelelo ngaphakathi komthambo lusanda, luyadumba ngaphandle. Oku kuvuleka ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba luphawu lweemeko ezinzima zentliziyo ezifana nokusilela kwentliziyo (hayi uhlaselo lwentliziyo, kodwa ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwentliziyo), i-cardiac tamponade (ukwakheka kolwelo olujikeleze intliziyo), okanye isifo semithambo yegazi (isifo semithambo yegazi yegazi).
• Iingxaki zendlebe: Uxinzelelo olongezelelekileyo kwimithambo yegazi lunokuchaphazela iindlebe zakho. Usenokuba nesiyezi, i-tinnitus (ebizwa ngokuba yi-"tin-ee-tus" okanye "tin-ita-as," ekhala rhoqo ezindlebeni ), okanye ukulahlekelwa kukuva. Umzekelo othile woku yi-pulsatile tinnitus. Oku kuthetha ukuba uva ukubetha kwentliziyo yakho ezindlebeni zakho, njengesandi esithi "whoosh" okanye "whoosh".
• Iingxaki zamehlo: Uxinzelelo oluphezulu olubangelwa kukungaphumi kwegazi kakuhle kwimithambo ye-jugular lunokubangela ukubona okufipheleyo, ukubona kabini, okanye ukudumba kwamehlo.
• Intlungu: Usenokuba neentlungu entanyeni, ukungakhululeki, okanye intloko ebuhlungu.
• Iingxaki zokungalali: Utshintsho kwindlela igazi eliphuma ngayo engqondweni lunokuchaphazela nokulala kwakho.

Uyijonga njani impilo yale mithambo?

Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lokujonga imeko yemithambo ye-jugular luvavanyo lomzimba kunye novavanyo oluhlukeneyo lwemifanekiso.

• Uvavanyo lomzimba: Oku kuquka ukubeka umzimba wakho ongaphezulu kwindawo ethile kunye nogqirha ojonga ukuba akukho tshintsho ekudumbeni okanye kuxinzelelo kwimithambo ye-jugular. Oku kunokuquka ukujika intloko yakho iye ecaleni, ukuphefumlela ngaphakathi nangaphandle, okanye ugqirha unokucinezela kwiindawo ezithile zesifuba sakho esingaphezulu okanye esiswini ukujonga utshintsho kuxinzelelo kwimithambo ye-jugular.
• I-ultrasound yemithambo yegazi: Oku kusebenzisa amaza esandi aphindaphindayo ukuze "ujonge" umthambo wakho we-jugular. Njengokuba amalulwane esebenzisa amaza esandi ukubhabha ngaphandle kokubetha imiqobo.
• I-CT scan kunye ne-angiography: I-CT scan (i-computerized tomography) yinkqubo esebenzisa i-X-reyi kunye netekhnoloji yekhompyutha ukwenza umfanekiso onemilinganiselo emithathu (3D) wangaphakathi lomzimba wakho. I-CT angiogram isebenzisa idayi ebizwa ngokuba yi-contrast, efakwa kwimithambo yegazi yakho. Le contrast ibonakala kakuhle kwi-CT scan, ngoko ke inokunceda ekufumaneni iindawo apho igazi lingahambi kakuhle khona.
• I-MRI:Uvavanyo lwe-MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) lusebenzisa i-magnet enamandla kakhulu kunye netekhnoloji yekhompyutha ukwenza imifanekiso yangaphakathi yomzimba. Oku kuluncedo kakhulu ekwenzeni imifanekiso eneenkcukacha ezininzi enokwahlula phakathi kwezinto ezifana nezihlunu, imithambo yegazi, imithambo-luvo kunye namathambo.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-Jugular Veins?

Nazi ezinye iindlela zonyango eziqhelekileyo ezinikwayo kwiimeko ezichaphazela umthambo we-jugular, okanye ezisebenzisa umthambo we-jugular ukunyanga ezinye iimeko:

• Ii-antibiotics: Ezi zinokunikwa ukuba kukho usulelo oluchaphazela imithambo ye-jugular.
• Izinto zokunciphisa igazi: Ezi zidla ngokumiselwa kakhulu kwiingxaki zokunqanda igazi ezifana ne-thrombosis.
• Imigca ye-IV: Imizekelo ibandakanya `umgca ophakathi` kunye nomgca `we-PICC (Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter)`.
• Utyando: Oku kunokunceda ngemithambo yegazi evalekileyo okanye eyonakeleyo. Kwezinye iimeko, ugqirha angasusa umthambo wegazi ovalekileyo aze awusebenzisele ukwenza 'ukudlula' ejikeleze umthambo wegazi ovalekileyo entliziyweni yakho. Kuxhomekeke ekubeni loluphi umthambo wegazi obandakanyekayo, unokukwazi ukuphila ngaphandle kwemiphumo yexesha elide emva kokususa okanye ukuvala omnye.
• Izihluzo zeVena cava: Ezi zizihluzo ezifakwa ngugqirha ngomthambo wejugular aze azithumele kwelinye icala le "superior vena cava" yakho. Xa zifika apho, zibamba amahlwili egazi ngaphambi kokuba ziye entliziyweni nasemiphungeni yakho. Oku kunceda ukuthintela iimeko ezisongela ubomi ezifana ne "pulmonary embolism."

Ndingayigcina njani imithambo yam yentamo iphilile? (Khumbula oku!)

Nazi ezinye zezona zinto zibalaseleyo onokuzenza ukuze ugcine imithambo yakho ye-jugular isempilweni:

• Lumka impilo yentliziyo yakho. Izifo zenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi ezichaphazela intliziyo yakho zinokuchaphazela nemithambo yegazi emikhulu, kuquka nomthambo we-jugular. Ukugcina ubunzima obusempilweni, ukutya ukutya okunempilo, kunye nokusebenza ngokomzimba kubalulekile koku.
• Lumka intamo yakho. Umthambo wakho we-jugular, ingakumbi umthambo wangaphandle we-jugular, usengozini yokwenzakala nokonakala. Lumka kwaye unxibe izixhobo zokhuseleko ezifunekayo xa udlala imidlalo (ingakumbi i-ice hockey) okanye usebenza ngezixhobo zombane.
• Nika ingqalelo kutshintsho olusemzimbeni wakho. Ukuba uqala ukuba neempawu ezifana nentlungu yentamo okanye ukudumba, okanye ukuba uneempawu ezinxulumene nokubona kwakho okanye ingqondo, thetha nogqirha. Yinto ekufuneka uyenze, ingakumbi ukuba ezo mpawu ziqala ukuchaphazela imisebenzi yakho yemihla ngemihla.
• Yigcine icocekile.Ukuba une-IV kumthambo wakho we-jugular, gcina indawo ejikeleze umgca we-IV okanye i-port icocekile. Kubalulekile nokulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho malunga nendlela kunye nexesha lokujika intamo okanye intloko yakho.

Umthambo we-jugular yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yethu yokujikeleza kwegazi, ingakumbi kuba uchaphazela ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya ebuchotsheni bakho. Nangona kungekho zizifo zininzi eziwuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo, umthambo we-jugular uhlala udlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuxilongeni nasekunyangeni ezinye izifo. Ngoko ke, ukuba unamathandabuzo malunga neengxaki ezinxulumene nomthambo we-jugular, thetha nogqirha. Baya kukwazi ukuphendula imibuzo yakho okanye bakuthumele kwingcali enokukunceda ngakumbi.

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Imithambo ye-Jugular, Imithambo yentamo, Ukuhamba kwegazi, Ukuhamba kwegazi ukuya ebuchosheni, Izifo zemithambo, Impilo yentliziyo