Masifunde ngakumbi ngemithambo yemiphunga eyondla intliziyo yakho.

Sonke siyazi ukuba intliziyo yethu ibaluleke kangakanani. Kodwa ngaba sicinga kakhulu ngenkqubo encinci yemithambo edibana nentliziyo kwaye iyincede isebenze kakuhle? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngohlobo lomthambo owenza umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu, uzisa igazi elicocekileyo elizaliswe yioksijini elivela emiphungeni yethu ukuya entliziyweni. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba yimithambo yemiphunga, okanye ngesiNgesi `(Pulmonary Veins)`.

Zithini iiPulmonary Veins?

Ngamafutshane, imithambo yegazi yemiphunga yimithambo yegazi ethwala igazi elineoksijini ukusuka emiphungeni yakho ukuya kwicala lasekhohlo lentliziyo yakho. Umsebenzi ophambili wale mithambo kukuthwala igazi elineoksijini ulibuyisele entliziyweni yakho emva kokuba ioksijini engena emiphungeni yakho xa uphefumla yongezwe egazini lakho.

Le mithambo yemiphunga yeyomzimba wethu. Le yinkqubo ekhethekileyo kakhulu. Yile nto ithwala igazi lisiya phambili nangasemva phakathi kwentliziyo nemiphunga. Le mithambo iquka imithambo yemiphunga kunye nemithambo yemiphunga.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwemithambo yemiphunga kunye nemithambo yemiphunga?

Ngoku ungacinga ukuba ezi zimbini ziyafana, akunjalo? Kodwa kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezi zimbini.

1. Uhlobo lwegazi oluthwalwayo:

• Imithambo yemiphunga ithwala igazi elinomoya-mpilo ophantsi kunye nekharbon diokside ephezulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba igazi lithwalwa lisuka entliziyweni ukuya emiphungeni ngale mithambo, apho licocwa khona.
• Imithambo yemiphunga ithwala igazi elitsha nelizele yioksijini. Oku kuthetha ukuba igazi elicociweyo emiphungeni libuyiselwa entliziyweni ngale mithambo.

2. Icala lokuhamba kwegazi:

• Umthambo wemiphunga uthwala igazi ukusuka entliziyweni ukuya emiphungeni .
• Imithambo yemiphunga ithwala igazi lisuka emiphungeni ukuya entliziyweni .

Cinga ngayo njengeziko lokucoca (imiphunga). Okwenzekayo apha kukuba izinto ezingcolileyo (igazi elingenaoksijini) zithathwa ngendlela enye (imithambo yegazi), zicocwe (zifakwe ioksijini), zibuyiselwe kwindawo ephambili (intliziyo) ngenye indlela (imithambo yegazi).

Yintoni ekhethekileyo ngemithambo eqhelekileyo xa ithelekiswa neminye imithambo?

Le ngongoma ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngokwesiqhelo, yonke eminye imithambo emzimbeni wethu ithwala igazi elingenaoksijini, okanye elisetyenzisiweyo. Kodwa umthambo wemiphunga kuphela kohlobo lomthambo emzimbeni wethu oluthwala igazi elicocekileyo nelineoksijini.

Kwakhona, imithambo yemiphunga yahlukile kweminye imithambo. Ngokwesiqhelo, imithambo yemiphunga ithwala igazi elinomoya-mpilo omninzi. Kodwa yimithambo yemiphunga kuphela ethwala igazi elingenawo umoya-mpilo.

Oko kuthetha ukuba, le circuit yemiphunga yinkqubo ekhethekileyo emzimbeni wethu! Imithambo yegazi ekuyo isebenza ngendlela eyahlukileyo kancinci kunemithetho eqhelekileyo.

Kodwa kukho into enye efana nayo yonke imithambo yegazi kunye nayo yonke imithambo yegazi. Lelo licala apho igazi lihamba khona. Imithambo yegazi yemiphunga, njengayo yonke eminye imithambo yegazi, ithwala igazi ukuya entliziyweni. Imithambo yegazi yemiphunga, njengayo yonke eminye imithambo yegazi, ithwala igazi lisuka entliziyweni. Uyayazi?

Zingaphi imithambo yemiphunga ekhoyo ngokuqhelekileyo?

Uninzi lwabantu (malunga nama-60% ukuya kuma-70%) banemithambo emine. Abanye banokuba nemithathu okanye emihlanu. Utshintsho kweli nani alubangeli ngxaki zempilo. Olu lutshintsho nje lomzimba, oluyindlela abanye abantu abazalwa ngayo benemithambo eyahlukileyo kancinci kwinto izazinzulu eziyijonga njenge "eqhelekileyo."

Yintoni umsebenzi wemithambo yemiphunga?

Imithambo yemiphunga iqokelela igazi elineoksijini emiphungeni ize ilithwale liye entliziyweni. Emva koko intliziyo ipompa elo gazi iye kuzo zonke ezinye izitho zomzimba kunye nezicubu.

Khawuthelekelele umzimba wakho wonke njengesixeko esikhulu. Intliziyo yeyona ndawo iphambili yombane kweso sixeko. Emva koko le mithambo yemiphunga ifana nemibhobho ephambili ehambisa 'ipetroli' ecociweyo (ioksijini) esuka emiphungeni iye kweso sixhobo sombane. Ukuba le mibhobho iyeka ukusebenza nokuba ngumzuzwana, intliziyo ayizukufumana ioksijini entsha. Emva koko intliziyo ayizukwazi ukunika amandla afunekayo emzimbeni wonke.

Ngoko ke, imithambo yemiphunga yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yentliziyo, ibalulekile ukuze yenze umsebenzi wayo ngokufanelekileyo. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba isebenza ngokufanelekileyo, umzimba wethu wonke uhlala usempilweni.

Iphi le ntsholongwane iqhelekileyo?

Imithambo yemiphunga iphakathi kwemiphunga yakho nentliziyo yakho. Imithambo yemiphunga yenziwa kukudibana kwemithambo yegazi emininzi emincinci esuka kwimiphunga yakho yasekunene neyasekhohlo. Imithambo emibini iphuma kwimiphunga kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yi-hilum, okanye "ingcambu," yemiphunga. Ukusuka apho, le mithambo iyahamba iye entliziyweni ize idibane ne-atrium yasekhohlo, igumbi eliphezulu lentliziyo. I-atrium yasekhohlo ligumbi eliphezulu lasekhohlo lentliziyo.

Iyintoni indlela eyakhiwe ngayo imithambo yemiphunga?

Uninzi lwabantu lunemithambo yemiphunga emine, emibini kwimiphunga nganye.

• Umthambo we-pulmonary olungileyo: Lo mthambo uthwala igazi ukusuka kwinxalenye ephezulu nephakathi yomphunga wakho wasekunene.
• Umthambo wemiphunga ongaphantsi kwesandla sasekunene: Oku kukhupha igazi elivela kwinxalenye esezantsi yomphunga wakho wasekunene.
• Umthambo we-pulmonary ohamba phambili ngasekhohlo: Lo mthambo uthwala igazi ukusuka phezulu komphunga wakho wasekhohlo kunye nolwimi ("ulwimi" olufana nolwimi lomphunga wasekhohlo).
• Umthambo wemiphunga ongaphantsi kwesobunxele:Oku kuzisa igazi elivela kwinxalenye esezantsi yomphunga wakho wasekhohlo.

Igama elithi "Superior" lithetha okungaphezulu. Igama elithi "Inferior" lithetha okungaphantsi. Ngoko ke igama lomthambo ngamnye likuxelela ukuba uhambisa igazi kweyiphi imiphunga kwaye ifumaneka njani.

Ngokwesiqhelo, umthambo ngamnye wemiphunga uqhagamshela ngqo kwi-atrium yasekhohlo. I-atrium yasekhohlo emva koko ineemingxuma ezine ezibizwa ngokuba yi-ostia, enye kumthambo ngamnye. Igazi elineoksijini lingena kwi-atrium yasekhohlo ngezi mingxuma. Ukusuka apho, igazi liya kwi-ventricle yasekhohlo, apho liphonswa khona liye emzimbeni wonke nge- aorta .

Ziziphi iinguqu zomzimba ezifumaneka kwimithambo yemiphunga?

Kukho umahluko ohlukeneyo kwisakhiwo esiqhelekileyo semithambo yemiphunga onokubonakala. Umahluko othile uchaphazela inani lemithambo yemiphunga onayo kunye nendlela engena ngayo kwi-atrium yasekhohlo. Olu tshintsho lusempilweni, alunabungozi.

Nangona kunjalo, kukho ezinye iinguqu ezithintela imithambo yemiphunga ukuba ingathwali igazi ngokufanelekileyo iye kwi-atrium yasekhohlo. Ezi nguqu ziphazamisana nokusebenza kwentliziyo ngokuqhelekileyo kwaye zinokubeka ubomi esichengeni.

Utshintsho olungenabungozi

Malunga nama-38% abantu banezitshintsho ezincinci nezingenabungozi kwisakhiwo semithambo yemiphunga. Ezi zichaphazela ubukhulu bemithambo kunye nendlela edibana ngayo ne-atrium yasekhohlo. Eminye imizekelo yile:

• Isiqu esiqhelekileyo secala lasekhohlo: Kulapho imithambo emibini yepulmonary yecala lasekhohlo idibana khona ukuze yenze isiqu esinye esiqhelekileyo esiqhagamshela kwi-atrium yasekhohlo. Oko kukuthi, endaweni yokuba imithambo emibini yasekhohlo ithwale igazi iye kwi-atrium yasekhohlo ngokwahlukeneyo, iyadibana ize ithwale igazi ngomngxuma omnye. Olu lolona tshintsho luqhelekileyo lubonwayo.
• Umthambo wepulmonary wasekunene oncedisayo: Kule meko, ukongeza kwimithambo emibini eqhelekileyo kwicala lasekunene, kwakheka omnye umthambo, odibanisa ne-atrium yasekhohlo ngokwahlukeneyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho imithambo emithathu kwicala lasekunene.

Nangona ezi nguqu zitshintshile, imithambo yegazi yenza umsebenzi wayo ngokugqibeleleyo. Kuba kuzo zonke ezi nguqu, igazi elinomoya-mpilo omninzi lifikelela kwi-atrium yasekhohlo. Ukusuka apho, liya kwi-ventricle yasekhohlo ngokuqhelekileyo kwaye liye kuwo wonke umzimba. Ngoko ke akukho nto inokubangela ukukhathazeka ngezi zinto.

Utshintsho oluchaphazela ukusebenza kwentliziyo

Kukho utshintsho oluthile oluthintela imithambo yemiphunga ekuthwaleni igazi elineoksijini ukuya kwi-atrium yasekhohlo. Oku kuthintela intliziyo ekwenzeni umsebenzi wayo ngokufanelekileyo.

Ezi ziziphene zentliziyo ezizalwa nazo . Zihlala zifunyaniswa xa zizalwa, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha zifunyaniswa zisencinci okanye xa sele zikhulile.

• Ukubuya kwemithambo yemiphunga okungaqhelekanga ngokupheleleyo (i-TAPVR):Kwiintsana ezinale meko, imithambo yemiphunga ayidibani ne-atrium yasekhohlo. Endaweni yoko, idibanisa ne-atrium yasekunene. Okwenzekayo kukuba igazi elineoksijini eninzi elifanele ukuya kwicala lasekhohlo lixubana negazi elingenaoksijini ngokwaneleyo kwicala lasekunene. Esi sisifo esibi kakhulu esifuna utyando.
• Ukubuya kwemithambo yegazi engapheliyo (i-PAPVR): Iintsana ezinale meko zinomthambo omnye wemiphunga oqhagamshelwe kwi-atrium yasekhohlo. Oku kuvumela igazi elithile elineoksijini ukuba lihambe liye emzimbeni. Ezi ntsana nazo zinokufuna unyango, kodwa alubalulekanga njenge-TAPVR.

Iintsana ezine-`(TAPVR)` okanye `(PAPVR)` zihlala zinemingxuma entliziyweni ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Atrial Septal Defect).` Lo mngxuma ngokwenene usindisa ubomi. Kuba udala indlela yokuba igazi liphume kwi-atrium yasekunene yomntwana liye kwi-atrium yasekhohlo. Nangona umxholo weoksijini kweli gazi uphantsi, kwanele ukugcina umntwana ephila de kubekho unyango.

Ingakanani i-pulmonary vein? Yenziwe ngantoni?

Ububanzi (ububanzi obunqamlezileyo) bomthambo wemiphunga ophilileyo buphakathi kweemilimitha ezili-9 ukuya kwezili-13. Le mithambo iyatshintsha ububanzi njengoko ihamba ukusuka emiphungeni ukuya entliziyweni. Ngokwesiqhelo, umthambo uyakhula njengoko usondela entliziyweni. Umthambo wemiphunga ongaphantsi kwesobunxele awukho kangako. Uyakhula njengoko uphuma emiphungeni, kodwa uyancipha kancinci xa usondela entliziyweni.

Njengeminye imithambo yethu, umthambo we-pulmonary wenziwe ngeengqimba ezintathu zezicubu kunye neefayibha :

• I-Tunica adventitia (umaleko wangaphandle): Oku kunika umthambo isakhiwo kunye nokuma kwawo.
• I-Tunica media (umaleko ophakathi): Le iqulethe iiseli zemisipha ezigudileyo. Ezi seli zinceda umthambo ukuba wande kwaye unciphe njengoko igazi lihamba kuwo.
• I-Tunica intima (umaleko ongaphakathi): Le ine-lining eyenziwe ziiseli ze-endothelial ezithambileyo. Oku kuvumela igazi ukuba lihambe ngemithambo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.

Ngokungafaniyo neminye imithambo, imithambo yemiphunga igqunywe kancinci ngumaleko wemisipha yentliziyo obizwa ngokuba yi-myocardial layer . Oku kufana "nesilingi" esenziwe ngezicubu zemisipha yentliziyo. Ifumaneka kufutshane nendawo apho umthambo udibana khona ne-atrium yasekhohlo. Le sleeve inde kancinci kwimithambo yemiphunga ephezulu kunakwimithambo engaphantsi.

Ziziphi iimeko eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela imithambo yemiphunga?

Kukho iimeko ezininzi zempilo ezinokuchaphazela imithambo yemiphunga. Makhe sijonge ukuba zithini na:

• I-Partial Anomaly Pulmonary Venous Inflow (PAPVR): Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, umthambo omnye okanye engaphezulu ye-pulmonary ayidibani ne-atrium yasekhohlo.
• Ukuvaleka kwemithambo yemiphunga:Ukuvaleka komthambo. Oku kwenzeka rhoqo xa ithumba, elifana nelisentliziyweni okanye emiphungeni, lisasazeka liye emthanjeni.
• I-pulmonary vein stenosis: Ukuncitshiswa kwemithambo enye okanye ngaphezulu. Kwiintsana, oku kudla ngokubangelwa ziziphene zentliziyo ezizalwa nazo. Kwabantu abadala, ngamanye amaxesha kunokwenzeka njengesiphumo esibi se-catheter radiofrequency ablation, unyango lwemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi -atrial fibrillation .
• I-Pulmonary vein thrombosis: Ukwakheka kwehlwili legazi ngaphakathi komthambo. Oku kubonakala rhoqo kubantu abanomhlaza wemiphunga okanye abo baye bafakelwa imiphunga.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kwimithambo yemiphunga: Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kwimithambo yemiphunga. Isizathu esiphambili soku kukusilela kwentliziyo kwicala lasekhohlo. Ezinye izizathu ziquka iithumba zentliziyo kunye ne-mitral valve stenosis.
• Ukubuya kwemithambo yemiphunga okungaqhelekanga ngokupheleleyo (i-TAPVR): Akukho mithambo yemiphunga edibana ne-atrium yasekhohlo. Oku kukwafunyanwa xa umntwana ezalwa.

Luluphi ulwalamano phakathi kwe-atrial fibrillation kunye nemithambo ye-pulmonary?

I-Atrial fibrillation, okanye `(Atrial Fibrillation - A-Fib)` sisingqisho sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga. Siqala kwimithambo yemiphunga, okanye apho sidibana khona ne-atrium yasekhohlo. Nangona `(A-Fib)` inokuqala kuyo nayiphi na imithambo yemiphunga, idla ngokubandakanyeka kwimithambo yemiphunga ephezulu yasekhohlo.

Oogqirha basebenzisa inkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi- pulmonary vein isolation ukunyanga i-A-Fib, equka ukusebenzisa i-catheter.

Ungayijonga njani impilo yemithambo yemiphunga?

Oogqirha basebenzisa uvavanyo olwahlukeneyo lokujonga imifanekiso ukujonga impilo yemithambo yakho yamaphaphu. Ezinye zazo ziquka:

• I-X-reyi yesifuba
• I-Echocardiography
• Umzobo weMagnetic Resonance (MRI)
• Iskeni yeTomography eQokelelweyo (i-CT scan)

Ngoko ke, sifanele siyinyamekele njani imithambo yethu? Umyalezo Wokubuyela Ekhaya

Imithambo yegazi ifana nabasebenzi abathuleyo bomzimba wethu. Isebenza kakuhle, yiyo loo nto umzimba wethu wonke uphilile kwaye unamandla.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba ugqirha ukufumanise ukuba unesifo semithambo yemiphunga, qiniseka ukuba ulandela imiyalelo yakhe ngokuchanekileyo.

Iingxaki ezininzi zemithambo yegazi ephukileyo zinxulunyaniswa nezinye iimeko zonyango. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukunyanga imeko esisiseko kwaye uyigcine phantsi kweliso logqirha rhoqo. Buza ugqirha wakho ngezinto onokuzenza ekhaya ukulawula imeko yakho nokunciphisa iimpawu.

Khumbula, imithambo yakho yemiphunga yinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu yomzimba wakho enika ubomi obutsha entliziyweni yakho nakumzimba wonke. Ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyinyamekela.

Imithambo Yemiphunga, Intliziyo, Imiphunga, Ioksijini, Ukuhamba Kwegazi, Imithambo, Imithambo, Izifo Zentliziyo