Injani indlela obona ngayo? (Uvavanyo lokubona ngamehlo) Masifumanise.

Ngaba wakha wajonga ibhodi enemigca yombhalo eludongeni xa usiya kugqirha wamehlo? Yiloo nto sidla ngokuyibiza ngokuba yi (Visual Acuity Test). Ngamafutshane, luvavanyo lokujonga ukuba amehlo akho anjani na. "Visual acuity" yinto oogqirha abayibiza ngokuba bubukhali bombono wakho.

Kutheni le nto ibaluleke kangaka (uVavanyo loBuchule bokuBonakala)?

Khawuthelekelele, uziva ngathi awukwazi ukubona izinto ezikude kancinci, okanye oonobumba abakwiphephandaba babonakala bengacacanga. Nantsi indlela ekhawulezayo yokufumanisa ukuba kukho utshintsho na emehlweni akho. Emva kolu vavanyo, ingcali yamehlo iya kugqiba ukuba ngaba kufuneka unxibe iiglasi okanye iilensi zokunxibelelana, okanye ukuba sele uzisebenzisa, nokuba kufuneka utshintshe umbane.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukubonana nengcali yamehlo ngokukhawuleza ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho ekuboneni kwakho. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba iiglasi zakho zifuna ukulungiswa kancinci. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha ukubona okufipheleyo kunokuba luphawu lokuqala lwenye imeko echaphazela amehlo.

Luqhutywa nini uvavanyo lokujonga ngamehlo? Yintoni olunokuyifumanisa?

Ngokwesiqhelo, xa usiya kuhlolwa amehlo, olu (Visual Acuity Test) ngokuqinisekileyo lwenziwa. Oogqirha benza oku ukuze babone naluphi na utshintsho ekuboneni kwakho ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Kukho iingxaki ezininzi zokubona ezinokubonwa rhoqo ngolu vavanyo:

• I-Myopia : Ukungakwazi ukubona izinto ezikude ngokucacileyo.
• Ukungaboni kakuhle (i-Hyperopia): Ukungakwazi ukubona izinto ezikufutshane, ingakumbi xa ufunda.
• I-Astigmatism : Ukubona okufipheleyo okubangelwa kukungajolisi kakuhle ukukhanya kweliso.
• I-Presbyopia : Ukulahlekelwa kokubona okukufutshane njengoko sikhula. Idla ngokuqala emva kweminyaka engama-40.
• Ukungaboni imibala : Ukungakwazi ukwahlula imibala ethile.

Ufanele uhlolwe amehlo akho kangaphi?

Ngokujonga amehlo akho rhoqo kunye nombono wakho, ugqirha wakho wamehlo unokubona naziphi na iingxaki kwangethuba . Uvavanyo lwakho lwamehlo luya kwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yakho:

• Abantwana abancinci: Ugqirha wezingane kufuneka ahlole amehlo omntwana wakho rhoqo xa etyelele umntwana osempilweni de aqale isikolo, aze emva koko ahlolwe rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini.
• Abantu abadala abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-40 ubudala: Rhoqo emva kweminyaka emihlanu ukuya kwelishumi.
• Abantu abadala abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-40 ukuya kwengama-54 ubudala: Rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini ukuya kwemine.
• Abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-55 ubudala: Kanye ngonyaka ukuya kwiminyaka emithathu.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unxiba iiglasi okanye iilensi zokunxibelelana, okanye unesifo esifana nesifo seswekile, kunokufuneka uhlolwe amehlo akho rhoqo . Kungcono ukubuza ugqirha wakho wamehlo ukuba kufuneka uhlolwe amehlo akho kangaphi.

Ngubani owenza oku (uVavanyo loBuchule bokuBonakala)?

Uninzi lwexesha, olu vavanyo lwenziwa yingcali yamehlo , enokuba yingcali yamehlo okanye ingcali yamehlo.

Ngamanye amaxesha, nogqirha wakho angenza oku (Visual Acuity Test), ingakumbi ukuba uya kumbona eneempawu zamehlo.

Ziziphi iintlobo zovavanyo lwe-Visual Acuity ezikhoyo?

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvavanya umbono wakho. Nazi ezinye zezona ndlela zisetyenziswa kakhulu zovavanyo lokubona:

• Itshati yamehlo kaSnellen: Le yibhodi enemigca yoonobumba eludongeni oyikhumbulayo xa usiva ngovavanyo lwamehlo. Oonobumba bakhulu phezulu, kwaye oonobumba baba bancinci njengoko usiya ezantsi. Ugqirha uza kukuxelela ukuba ubafunde ude ukwazi ukuzifunda ngokucacileyo. Kwezinye iindawo, oku kuboniswe eludongeni okanye kuboniswe kwiscreen.

• Itshathi ye-E engacwangciswanga: Le ifana netshathi ye-Snellen. Kodwa endaweni yoonobumba abahlukeneyo, inonobumba "E" kuphela. Unobumba u-E mncinane kwaye mncinane, ujikelezwe, ujonge ezantsi, kwaye ujikelezwe kumacala ahlukeneyo. Kuya kufuneka uyifunde ude ungakwazi ukubona ukuba unobumba u-E ujonge kweliphi icala.

• Uvavanyo lokubona olutshintshatshintshayo: Kolu vavanyo, ugqirha ubamba intloko yakho aze ayishukumise kancinci ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye ukuze ajonge umbono wakho. Olu vavanyo lujonga ukuba unako na ukugcina amehlo akho eqinile ngelixa intloko yakho ishukuma (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-vestibulo-ocular reflex).

• Uvavanyo lokubona ngemingxuma: Olu luvavanyo olwenzelwe ngokukodwa ukubona ukubona kufutshane, okanye i-myopia. Njengovavanyo oluqhelekileyo, unikwa isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-paddle esigubungela iliso elinye. Nangona kunjalo, sinomngxuma omnye okanye ngaphezulu omncinci (imingxuma emincinci). Endaweni yokujonga kwelinye iliso, ufunda itshathi ye-Snellen okanye ye-Random E ngale mingxuma.

• Uvavanyo lobuchule bokubona ebantwaneni: Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvavanya ukubona kwabantwana abaneminyaka eyahlukeneyo. Usenokuba ukhe weva ngovavanyo lobuchule bokubona lwaseCardiff. Ezinye zezi vavanyo zisebenzisa imifanekiso okanye imizobo endaweni yoonobumba. Usenokunikwa oonobumba kwiphepha elahlukileyo uze ucelwe ukuba utshatise oonobumba abakwitshathi yodonga.

Uvavanyo lwe-Visual Acuity Test lungenziwa njani?

Uninzi lovavanyo lokubona ngamehlo lwenziwa ngolu hlobo:

1. Uza kubekwa okanye umiswe malunga neenyawo ezingama-20 ukusuka kwisibonakaliso esinoonobumba.

2. Emva koko ugqirha uya kukuxelela ukuba uvale iliso elinye (rhoqo ngesandla sakho, okanye ngebhodi encinci).

3. Emva koko, baxelelwa ukuba bafunde kancinci ukusuka kumqolo ophezulu woonobumba abakhulu ukuya ezantsi .

4. Kufuneka uqhubeke ufunda ude ungasakwazi ukubona oonobumba okanye iimpawu ngokucacileyo .

5. Xa ugqibile ngeliso elinye, vala elinye iliso uze uphinde uvavanyo kwasekuqaleni.

Kulungile ukuzama ukuqikelela ukuba unengxaki yokufunda oonobumba njengoko behla. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uqala ukubona oonobumba bengacacanga okanye unengxaki yokufunda, xelela ugqirha wakho. Musa ukukrwitsha amehlo okanye ukutsala amehlo akho. Injongo yolu vavanyo kukufumana uvavanyo oluchanekileyo lombono wakho. Ngoko ke ungakhathazeki "ngokungaphumeleli" okanye "ukungaphumeleli" nangona kunjalo.

Ukuba sele unxibe iiglasi okanye iilensi zoqhagamshelwano, ugqirha wakho angakwenza oku (Visual Acuity Test) izihlandlo ezininzi. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukubona kwakho kuya kuhlolwa ngaphandle kweeglasi zakho (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-uncorrected vision) kunye neeglasi zakho (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-corrected vision).

Ngaba kukho into ekufuneka ndiyilungiselele ngaphambi koku (uVavanyo loBuchule bokuBonakala)?

Hayi, akukho mfuneko yokulungiselela okukhethekileyo. Ukuba unxiba iiglasi okanye iilensi zokunxibelelana, qiniseka ukuba uziphethe xa uza kuhlolwa amehlo akho. Ugqirha usenokuzisusa aze avavanye ukubona kwakho okungalungiswanga.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva kovavanyo lwe-Visual Acuity?

Emva kokuba uvavanyo lwe-Visual Acuity lugqityiwe, ugqirha wakho wamehlo uza kugqiba lonke uviwo lwamehlo. Kusenokufuneka wenze nezinye iimvavanyo, ezifana novavanyo lwe-Slit Lamp. Ezi ziza kujonga ezinye iimeko ezinokuchaphazela amehlo akho, ezifana nezi:

• IiCataracts
• IGlaucoma (iGlaucoma)
• Ukuwohloka kwe-macular

Ingaba kukho umngcipheko koku (Uvavanyo Lokubona Ubukhali)?

Akukho mngcipheko. Ungaziva ungakhululekanga ngaphandle kweeglasi zakho okanye iilensi zokunxibelelana, kodwa oku kungokwexeshana. Ungazinxiba kwakhona kwangoko nje ukuba ugqirha ugqibile ukuxilonga amehlo akho.

Zithini iziphumo zoVavanyo loBuchule bokuBonakala?

Iziphumo zakho zoVavanyo loBuchule bokuBona zincinci. Oku kukuxelela ukuba umbono wakho ongalungiswanga ulungile kangakanani.

Usenokukhumbula ukuba umbono we-20/20 ubizwa ngokuba ngumbono ochanekileyo. Ukuba nombono we-20/20 kuthetha ukuba unokubona ngokucacileyo into ekumgama weenyawo ezingama-20 ukusuka apho. Abanye abantu bacinga ukuba umbono we-20/20 uthetha umbono "ogqibeleleyo". Kodwa eneneni kuthetha ukuba nombono oqhelekileyo okanye ophilileyo .

Abantu abaninzi abanawo umbono we-20/20 ngaphandle kweeglasi okanye iilensi zokunxibelelana. Enyanisweni, yi-35% kuphela yabantu abadala eMelika abanombono we-20/20 ngokwemvelo.

Emva kovavanyo lwe-Visual Acuity, ugqirha wakho wamehlo uza kukuxelela into ekufuneka uyenze ukuze ulungise umbono wakho. Ezona ndlela zixhaphakileyo kukunxiba iiglasi okanye iilensi zonxibelelwano. Ukuba sele uzinxibile, zinokulungiswa ukuze zihambelane notshintsho olufunyenwe kuvavanyo.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho ekuboneni kwakho, bonana nogqirha wamehlo ngokukhawuleza .

Ukuba umbono wakho ngequbuliso uba mbi kakhulu, okanye ulahlekelwa ngumbono kwelinye okanye omabini amehlo, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka esibhedlele ngoko nangoko.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Nokuba awazi ukuba luyintoni uvavanyo lokubona ngamehlo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukhe walwenza ngaphambili. Ukufunda ukusuka phezulu ukuya ezantsi kwibhodi eludongeni kuyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yovavanyo lwamehlo oluqhelekileyo. Nokuba loluphi uhlobo lovavanyo lokubona ngamehlo ugqirha wakho alusebenzisayo, nyaniseka malunga nokuba ubona kangakanani na kwaye awukwazi ukubona kangakanani. Nangona ezinye iimuvi zihlekisa ngabantu abangaboni kakuhle abathatha olu vavanyo, asilulo uvavanyo "lokungaphumeleli" okanye "olubi".

Phantse wonke umntu uziva ekhululekile, ekhululekile, kwaye ekhuselekile emva kokuvavanywa kokubona nokufumana uncedo aludingayo ukulungisa umbono wakhe. Ukuba unenkxalabo okanye uqaphele naluphi na utshintsho ekuboneni okanye emehlweni akho, thetha nengcali yamehlo akho.

Ukubona kwamehlo , uvavanyo lokubona, uvavanyo lokubona, itshati yamehlo, i-myopia, iiglasi zamehlo, ugqirha wamehlo, uvavanyo lwamehlo, itshati yeSnellen