Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba zingaphi ezinye izidalwa ezincinci ezihlala nathi kweli hlabathi? Ezi zidalwa zincinci ngamanye amaxesha ezisigulisayo , kodwa ngamanye amaxesha zisinceda, zezo sizibiza ngokuba “ ziintsholongwane .” Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngezi ntsholongwane, ukuba zingoobani, indlela ezisichaphazela ngayo, nendlela yokuzikhusela kuzo. Masiziqonde ezi zinto ngokulula, njengokuthetha nomhlobo.
Zithini ezi ntsholongwane? Masiziqonde ngokulula!
Ngamafutshane, iintsholongwane liqela lezinto eziphilayo ezincinci kakhulu ukuba zingabonwa ngamehlo ethu. Oogqirha bazibiza ngokuba ``ziintsholongwane'' okanye ``iintsholongwane''. Zincinci kakhulu kangangokuba ngamanye amaxesha asikwazi ukuzibona, nokuba zininzi kakhulu xa zidibene.
Khawucinge nje, ezi ntsholongwane zikho kuyo yonke indawo! Zinokuba semoyeni owuphefumlayo, emanzini owaselayo, emhlabeni, ekutyeni okutyayo, nakwinto yonke oyichukumisayo. Zihlala emizimbeni yethu naselukhumbeni lwethu. Ayimangalisi loo nto?
Nangona kunjalo, ayizizo zonke iintsholongwane ezimbi. Ezinye iintsholongwane ziluncedo kakhulu emizimbeni yethu. Umzekelo, ezinye iintlobo zeentsholongwane ezisemathunjini ethu zisinceda ekugayeni ukutya. Kwakhona, ezinye iintsholongwane ezilungileyo zinceda ekuthinteleni iintsholongwane ezimbi ukuba zingangeni emzimbeni.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho iintsholongwane ezithile ezinokusibangela izifo kunye nosulelo. Kuphela xa ezi ntsholongwane ziyingozi zingena emizimbeni yethu apho sigula khona. Ngoko ke, eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela ukusasazeka kwezi ntsholongwane kukuhlamba izandla zakho rhoqo nangokucokisekileyo.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zeentsholongwane?
Kukho iintlobo ezine eziphambili zeentsholongwane. Makhe sithethe ngohlobo ngalunye ngokweenkcukacha ezithe vetshe.
| Uhlobo lwentsholongwane | Inkcazo | Imizekelo / Unyango |
|---|---|---|
| Iintsholongwane | Izinto eziphilayo zenziwe yiseli enye. Ezinye ziluncedo kanti ezinye zivelisa ityhefu. | Usulelo lomphimbo, usulelo lomchamo. Unyango: Ii-antibiotics. |
| Iintsholongwane | Amasuntswana angengoweeseli afuna iiseli eziphilayo ukuze ziphile kwaye zizale. | Umkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, imasisi. Unyango: Ii-antivirals. |
| Iifungi | Izinto eziphilayo ezifana nezityalo ezininzi ezikhula kakuhle kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo nezifumileyo. | Usulelo lweMvubelo, unyawo lweMbaleki. Unyango: Amayeza okulwa nefungus. |
| Iprotozoa | Izinto eziphilayo ezifana nezilwanyana ezineseli enye. Zidla ngokusasazeka ngamanzi angcolileyo. | Imalariya, i-toxoplasmosis. Unyango: Amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane. |
Yafunyanwa nini le ntsholongwane?
Ibali leentsholongwane liqala kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo. Malunga nowe-1676, isazinzulu saseDatshi u-Antonie van Leeuwenhoek wayengowokuqala ukufumanisa iintsholongwane esebenzisa imakroskopu yakudala. Ukususela ngoko, njengoko i-microbiology iphuhlile, kuye kwafunyanwa ezininzi ngakumbi.
Ngo-1857, isazi semichiza saseFransi uLouis Pasteur wangqina ukuba ukutya kuyabola kuba kungcoliswe ziintsholongwane. Oku kwakhokelela kwi-"Germ Theory of Disease " yakhe. Le yingcamango yokuba usulelo nezifo zibangelwa ziintsholongwane ezibizwa ngokuba yi-"pathogens." Ngaphambi kokufunyanwa koku, izazinzulu zazikholelwa kwinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-"spontaneous generation". Le yingcamango yokuba izinto eziphilayo zinokuvela kwizinto ezingaphiliyo. Khawuthelekelele indlela abantu ababecinga ngayo ngelo xesha!
Zibukeka njani ngokwenene iintsholongwane?
Uninzi lweentsholongwane azibonakali emehlweni ethu kuba zincinci kakhulu. Ukuba uzijonga ngemakroskopu, zifana neebhola ezincinci, iintonga, okanye iispirali. Zincinci kakhulu, ungabeka iintsholongwane ezimalunga ne-1,000 phezulu kwerabha yepensile!
Ezi ntsholongwane zisuka njani kwenye indawo ziye kwenye?
Zininzi iindlela iintsholongwane ezinokusasazeka ngazo. Makhe sijonge ezinye zazo:
- Ngokuchukumisa okanye ukuba kufutshane nomntu oneentsholongwane. Oku kungabandakanya ukumanga, ukumanga, okanye ukusebenzisa izinto azisebenzisileyo, ezifana nezitya kunye neekomityi.
- Ngokuphefumla emoyeni emva kokuba umntu oneentsholongwane ethimla okanye ekhohlela.
- Ingasasazeka ngokuchukumisa indle yomntu onentsholongwane. Ingabangelwa kukutshintsha i-napkin yomntwana nokuchukumisa impumlo yakho, umlomo, okanye amehlo ngaphandle kokuhlamba izandla zakho kakuhle.
- Ngokuchukumisa imiphezulu nezinto ezineentsholongwane kuzo, uze uchukumise impumlo, umlomo, okanye amehlo akho. Khawucinge nje ukuba ubuchukumisa isihlalo ebhasini uze utye ngesandla esifanayo?
Iintsholongwane zinokusasazeka ngale ndlela:
- Ukusuka kumama ukuya kusana, nokuba ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye ngexesha lokubeleka.
- Ukusuka ekulunyweni zizilwanyana, ukutyiwa zizinambuzane.
- Ukusuka kumhlaba, izityalo, ukutya, okanye amanzi angcolisiweyo.
Yintoni enokubulala iintsholongwane?
Zininzi izinto ezinokubulala iintsholongwane, kodwa ezinye azikwazi.
- I-Hydrogen Peroxide : Ewe. Ingabulala iintlobo ezininzi zeentsholongwane, kuquka iibhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane, kwiindawo ezingenamibhobho.
- Ukuhlikihla Utywala : Ewe. Izicoci zezandla, kuquka nezo ziqulethe ubuncinci i-70% `(Isopropyl Alcohol)` zinokubulala iintsholongwane.
- Iviniga: Hayi. Iviniga ayibulali iintsholongwane ezininzi, kuquka intsholongwane yomkhuhlane kunye ne-coronavirus .
- Ubushushu: Ewe. Amaqondo obushushu angama-60 degrees Celsius (140 degrees Fahrenheit) nangaphezulu anokubulala iintsholongwane ezininzi.
Izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule ngokufutshane
Kulungile, ke, nazi ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule kwizinto esithethe ngazo namhlanje:
- Iintsholongwane zizinto eziphilayo ezincinci ongenakuzibona. Zikho kuyo yonke indawo.
- Kukho iintlobo ezine eziphambili zeentsholongwane: iibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, iifungi , kunye neprotozoa.
- Ezinye iintsholongwane ziyasinceda, kodwa ezinye zibangela izifo.
- Eyona ndlela ilungileyo nelula yokuthintela ukusasazeka kweentsholongwane kukuhlamba izandla zakho kakuhle ngesepha namanzi rhoqo.
- Hlala ekhaya xa ugula kwaye ukhusele abanye.
- Ukuba awukwazi ukuhlamba izandla zakho, sebenzisa isicoci sezandla esisekelwe kutywala.
Ngoko ke, faka ezi zinto zilula ebomini bakho ukuze uhlale usempilweni kwaye ukhululekile kwezi ntshaba zincinci. Emva koko unokuzikhusela kwizifo ezininzi. Uyayazi?
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