Masifunde ngenxalenye emangalisayo yobuchopho ekuncedayo ukuba ubone: i-Occipital Lobe.

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba ubona njani izinto ezintle ehlabathini, uyibona njani imibala, kwaye ukhumbula njani ubuso babahlobo bakho nosapho lwakho? Kukho inxalenye emangalisayo nebaluleke kakhulu yengqondo yethu enoxanduva lwazo zonke ezi zinto. Yiyo loo nto siyibiza ngokuba yi-Occipital Lobe . Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngale 'mboniselo' imangalisayo ngokweenkcukacha ezithe vetshe.

Yintoni i-Occipital Lobe? Iphi?

Ngamafutshane, i-occipital lobe yenye yezona ndawo zine ziphambili zobuchopho bakho. Ikwindawo engasemva kwentloko yakho , ngaphezulu nje kwezona zincinci ezingasemva kwentloko yakho. Yeyona ndawo incinci xa ithelekiswa nezinye iindawo ezikwingqondo yethu. Nangona kunjalo, nangona incinci, yenza umsebenzi omkhulu. Ubusazi? Yonke into oyibonayo ngamehlo akho, oko kukuthi, lonke ulwazi olubonakalayo, luyacutshungulwa, luqondwe, kwaye luhlalutywe yile ndawo incinci. Ukuba amehlo ethu ebefana nekhamera, le yilebhu ecubungula imifanekiso ethathwe yile khamera.

Le occipital lobe, njengezinye iindawo zobuchopho, yahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini, elasekhohlo nelasekunene. Kukho umjelo omncinci phakathi kwala macandelo mabini.

Zithini imisebenzi ephambili ye-occipital lobe?

Umsebenzi oyintloko nokuphela kwawo we-occipital lobe kukucubungula ulwazi olubonakalayo . Oko kukuthi, ukuqonda oko sikubonayo ngamehlo ethu. Le yinkqubo enzima kancinci. Makhe sibone ukuba oku kwenzeka njani.

Indlela ulwazi oluvela ngayo emehlweni ukuya kwi-occipital lobe

Cinga ngale ndlela: umfundi osesweni lakho ufana nefestile. Le festile kulapho ukukhanya okuvela kwihlabathi langaphandle kungena khona elisweni. Ngaphakathi kweliso, ngasemva, kukho umaleko ontsonkothileyo weeseli obizwa ngokuba yi-retina . Imifanekiso oyibonayo iguqulwa ibe ngumyalezo oneenkcukacha ezininzi ziiseli ezikwi-retina.

Ezi miyalezo zibhalwe ngekhowudi zihamba ngemithambo-luvo yakho ukuya engqondweni yakho. Emva koko zihamba ngakumbi ngemigca ye-optic ngaphakathi kwengqondo yakho. Endleleni, ezi mpawu zidluliselwa ngezinye iindawo ezibalulekileyo zobuchopho, njenge -thalamus , kwaye ekugqibeleni zifikelela kwi-occipital lobe.

Xa ezi mpawu zifika kwi-occipital lobe, umsebenzi wokwenyani uqala. Oko kukuthi, ukucacisa ezi khowudi zithunyelwa ngamehlo nokuguqula olo lwazi lube yinto enokusetyenziswa nokuyiqonda ingqondo yonke.

Le nkqubo yenzeka ikakhulu kwiindawo ezimbini ezithile ze-occipital lobe: i-primary visual cortex kunye ne-secondary visual cortex . "I-cortex" okanye "i-cortex"Eli gama livela kwigama lesiLatini elithetha "ixolo lomthi." Libhekisa kumphezulu wangaphandle wobuchopho bethu oshwabeneyo. Ngoko ke, le cortex ebonakalayo yinxalenye ye cortex eqhuba imiqondiso enxulumene nokubona.

Izakhono esizifumana kwi-occipital lobe

Nangona sithi "umbono," kukho ezinye iinkqubo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kunye nobuchule ngaphakathi kuwo. I-occipital lobe iyanceda kuyo yonke le nto. Nazi imizekelo embalwa:

• Ukucubungula indawo: Yile nto ichaza imiqondiso evela kwi-retina yakho kwaye ikuncede ubone iimilo, ubume, kunye nezinye iinkcukacha zezinto ezikungqongileyo.
• Ukulungiswa kombala: Oku kukunceda ubone imibala kwaye wahlule phakathi kwemibala eyahlukeneyo kunye nemibala yayo eyahlukileyo. Abanye abantu basenokungakwazi ukubona imibala ethile, nto leyo ethetha ukuba kunokubakho ubuthathaka kule nkqubo, njengakwiimeko ezifana nokungaboni kombala .
• Ukuqonda umgama kunye nobunzulu: Olu buchule luvumela ingqondo yakho ukuba ibale ubungakanani bezinto ozibonayo kunye nokuba zikude kangakanani kuwe.
• Ukuqaphela izinto nobuso: Olu buchule lukunceda ukuba uqaphele izinto oye wazibona ngaphambili, ingakumbi ubuso babantu oye wadibana nabo.

I-occipital lobe inceda njani amanye amalungu kunye neenkqubo?

Amehlo akho ngawo aqaphela oko ukubonayo okukungqongileyo aze athumele olo lwazi njengemiqondiso engqondweni yakho. Kodwa yi-occipital lobe ethatha ezo miqondiso, izicwangcise, kwaye isebenze nezinye iindawo zengqondo ukuze iqonde oko ukubonayo.

Umzekelo omhle woku kukufunda . Xa ufunda incwadi okanye iphephandaba, i-occipital lobe iqala ibone oonobumba namagama akuyo. Emva koko, ezo milo kunye neempawu eziqatshelweyo zidityaniswa ne -temporal lobe yengqondo ukuze kuqondwe ulwimi olubhaliweyo kwaye kuqondwe umxholo walo. Ayisiyo intsebenziswano emangalisayo na le?

Yenziwe ngantoni i-occipital lobe?

I-occipital lobe yenziwe ziintlobo ezifanayo zeeseli ezenza yonke inxalenye yobuchopho. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeeseli:

• IiNeuron: Ezi ziiseli ezikwingqondo nakwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo ezinokuthumela imiqondiso kwezinye ii-neurons, okanye zifumane imiqondiso zize ziyithumele kwenye indawo. Ezi miqondiso zihamba ngaphakathi kwee-neurons njengee-electrical impulses. I-neuron iguqula ezi signals zombane zibe ziikhemikhali ize izikhuphe kwi-neuron. I-neuron elandelayo iyaziqonda ezo khemikhali ize idale enye i-electrical impulse. Le yindlela imiyalezo ehamba ngayo ngokukhawuleza ngaphakathi naphakathi kwee-neurons.
• Iiseli zeGlial:Ezi ziiseli ezixhasa inkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Azilawuli imiqondiso. Endaweni yoko, zigcina ii-neurons, zisusa inkunkuma, zibonelela ngezondlo, kwaye zibonelela ngenkxaso yesakhiwo.

Isebenza njani i-occipital lobe kubantu abaziimfama?

Lo ngumbuzo obaluleke kakhulu. Kwanakwimfama, i-occipital lobe isasebenza. Nangona kunjalo, loo msebenzi uxhomekeke ekubeni umntu wazalwa eyimfama, waba yimfama kwasebuntwaneni, okanye waba yimfama kamva ebomini.

Umsebenzi we-occipital lobe kubantu ababeziimfama kwasekuzalweni okanye ebuntwaneni

I-occipital lobe yabantu ababeziimfama kwasekuzalweni okanye besebancinci kakhulu isasebenza kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, loo msebenzi uyenzeka xa besebenzisa ezinye izivamvo zabo. Oko kukuthi, xa bevumba, besiva, bechukumisa. Kwakhona, xa umntu oyimfama ethetha okanye emamele oko kuthethwa ngabanye, i-occipital lobe yakhe iba namandla ngakumbi.

Ngale ndlela i-occipital lobe inokuhlelwa ngokutsha ukuze yenze umsebenzi owahlukileyo ibizwa ngokuba yi -neuroplasticity . Oko kukuthi, amandla obuchopho okuzivumelanisa neemeko okanye iimeko ezingaqhelekanga. Ayimangalisi na loo nto?

Umsebenzi we-occipital lobe kubantu ababa ziimfama kamva ebomini

Kubantu ababa ziimfama kamva ebomini ngenxa yezizathu ezinxulumene namehlo, i-visual cortex, eyayikade icubungula ulwazi olubonakalayo, isasabela kancinci kulwazi oluvela kwezinye iimvakalelo, nangona ngoku ifumana igalelo elincinane (okanye elingenalo) lokubona.

Iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokwenza oku kukusebenzisa izivamvo zokuva nokuchukumisa. Ngamafutshane, ingqondo yakho iqondisa amandla ayo okucubungula ukubona kwezinye izivamvo. Oku kuvumela umntu ukuba "abone" into ngokuyichukumisa, okanye enze umfanekiso wengqondo wendawo ebangqongileyo ngokusekelwe kwinto ayivayo.

Ziziphi izifo kunye neemeko eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela i-occipital lobe?

Nasiphi na imeko enokuchaphazela izicubu zobuchopho bakho inokuchaphazela ne-occipital lobe. Nazi ezinye zemizekelo:

• Isifo sika-Alice kwiWonderland
• Ezinye iintlobo ezingaqhelekanga zesifo sika-Alzheimer , umzekelo , i-posterior cortical atrophy
• Izilonda zobuchopho (zinokubangelwa sisifo okanye umonakalo obangelwa kutyando/unyango)
• Iithumba zobuchopho (kuquka nomhlaza)
• Ityhefu ye-carbon monoxide
• Ukulimala entloko, ingakumbi ukuxhuzula ingqondo kunye nokwenzakala kwengqondo okubuhlungu
• Ityhefu yesinyithi esinzima okanye ezinye iityhefu
• Iintsholongwane (ingakumbi izifo ezibangela i-encephalitis )
• I-Lewy body dementia
• Iintloko ezibuhlungu
• Isifo se-encephalopathy esibuyiselwayo emva (i-PRES)
• Iimeko ezinxulumene nokuxhuzula ezifana nesifo sokuwa
• Istroke
• I-Visual agnosias (oku kunokubizwa ngokuba luphawu kunye nemeko)

Ziziphi iimpawu okanye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zeengxaki ze-occipital lobe?

Ekubeni umsebenzi oyintloko we-occipital lobe unxulumene nokubona, iimpawu zeemeko ezichaphazelayo phantse zonke zinxulumene nokubona. Nazi ezinye zeempawu:

• Ukulahlekelwa ngumbono (ngokungaphelelanga okanye ngokupheleleyo)
• I-Visual anosognosia okanye i-Anton syndrome
• I-agnosias ebonakalayo
• Iingcamango ezibonakalayo (umz., ukuphazamiseka okuhambisana ne-aura ngexesha le-migraines)
• Ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo

Ukulahlekelwa ngumbono

Ukuba i-occipital lobe yonakele, ungalahlekelwa yinxalenye okanye yiyo yonke indawo yakho yokubona. Oku kunokuchaphazela iliso elinye okanye omabini amehlo. Ukuba uphelelwe liliso ngokupheleleyo kwaye kuchaphazele omabini amehlo, kubizwa ngokuba yi -cortical blindness . Ukuba unale meko, amehlo akho asebenza kakuhle, kodwa ingqondo yakho ayinakukwazi ukucubungula imiqondiso yemithambo-luvo enxulumene nokubona, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ube nobumfama.

I-Visual anosognosia okanye i-Anton syndrome

Xa ingqondo yonakele, amandla engqondo okuzijonga anokuphazamiseka. Oku kunokukhokelela ekubeni ingakwazi ukubona iimpawu okanye ezinye iimpawu zengxaki. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lwe-anosognosia yokubona kuxa umntu oyimfama ephika ukuba unengxaki yokubona. Olunye uhlobo olungaqhelekanga lwe-Anton syndrome kuxa umntu ecinga ukuba uyimfama kodwa ebonisa iimpawu zokuba umbono wakhe usasebenza (ubuncinane ngokungazi).

I-agnosias ebonakalayo

Le yimeko apho ingqondo yakho ingakwaziyo ukuyicubungula kakuhle into oyibonayo. Kufana nokuzama ukuvula ifayile kwikhompyutha yakho, kodwa awunayo inkqubo efanelekileyo. Ikhompyutha ayikwazi ukuyivula ifayile kuba ayazi ukuba isetyenziswa njani. Yiyo loo nto i-visual agnosia injalo. Ingqondo yakho ayikwazi ukuqonda nokucubungula into ebonwa ngamehlo akho. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha ezinye iimvakalelo zinokunceda kwaye zisebenzele oku.

Eminye imizekelo:

• I-Object agnosia: Kule nto, into iyabonakala, kodwa umntu akanakuyichonga. Nangona kunjalo, banokukwazi ukuyichonga ngesandi (umz., ikati isenokungabonwa ngamehlo, kodwa inokuchongwa ngesandi sayo 'sokukhwaza') okanye ngokuchukumisa (umz., isitshixo sisenokungabonwa ngamehlo, kodwa sinokuchongwa ngokuchukumisa nangokuma).
• I-Color agnosia: Oku kunokwenzeka ngeendlela ezimbini. Enye kukuba awukwazi ukuyicoca imibala oyibonayo. Oku kunokubangela ukuba imibala ibe buthuntu okanye ibonakale ingwevu ( achromatopsia ). Olunye uhlobo oluphambili kukuba awukwazi ukunxulumanisa imibala namagama ayo. Ungayibona imibala, kodwa ingqondo yakho ayinakuyibiza okanye ukuyiqonda xa uyiva. I-Color agnosia yahlukile kwi-color blindness, esisifo samehlo.
• I-Visual simultanagnosia: Kulapho unokubona khona izinto nganye nganye kodwa ungaqondi ukuba zidibene njani. Umzekelo, usenokungakwazi ukuqonda ukuba kukho imithi emininzi kunye, nangona ibonakala ngathi lihlathi.

Iingcinga ezibonakalayo

Ezi ziinguqu okanye ukuphazamiseka ekuboneni kwakho. Zenzeka xa ingqondo yakho ingazicwangcisi kakuhle iimpawu ezivela emehlweni akho. Oku kunokuchaphazela ezi mpawu zilandelayo zento oyibonayo:

• Ubungakanani: Izinto zinokubonakala zinkulu okanye zincinci kunokuba zinjalo.
• Imilo: Izinto zinokubonakala zigqwethekile (cinga ngendlela umfanekiso wakho obonakala ngayo kumphezulu ongalinganiyo, kwisibuko esinamaqhuqhuva, okanye kumphezulu wamanzi ahambayo).
• Intshukumo: Into ingabonakala ngathi iyashukuma nangona imile, okanye into ehambayo ingabonakala ngathi ayishukumi.

Ukubona izinto ezingekhoyo

Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, umbono womntu uyenzeka kuba ingqondo icwangcisa imiqondiso evela emehlweni. Nje ukuba loo miqondiso ifikelele kwi-occipital lobe, ii-neurons ezikuloo ndawo zithumela imiqondiso kwezinye iindawo zengqondo. Iimbono ezingabonakaliyo zixa ii-neurons ezikwi-occipital lobe zisebenza ngokungathi zifumana imiqondiso evela emehlweni, kodwa eneneni zisebenza zodwa, ngaphandle kwemiqondiso enjalo. Oko kukuthi, zibonakala zibona izinto ezingekhoyo.

Ziziphi iimvavanyo ezikhoyo zokujonga impilo ye-occipital lobe?

Oogqirha baneendlela ezahlukeneyo zokujonga impilo ye-occipital lobe yakho. Ezi ziquka iimvavanyo zokuxilonga, iimvavanyo zelebhu, kunye neeskeni. Nazi imizekelo embalwa:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi (ezi zinokubona yonke into ukususela kwiingxaki zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ukuya kwiityhefu kunye neetyhefu, ingakumbi iimetali ezifana nekopolo, i-mercury, kunye ne-lead).
• Iskeni ye-computed tomography (CT)
• I-Electroencephalogram (EEG)
• I-Electromyogram (EMG) (I-Electromyogram (uvavanyo lokuqhuba imithambo-luvo) )
• Izinto ezinokwenzeka ezivuselelweyo ( uvavanyo lweemvakalelo)
• I-Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• Uvavanyo lwe-neuropsychological
• Iskeni se-Positron emission tomography (PET)

Ziziphi iindlela eziqhelekileyo zonyango lweemeko ezichaphazela i-occipital lobe?

Kukho iimeko ezininzi ezinokuchaphazela izicubu zobuchopho bakho, kwaye unyango lwezo meko lwahluka kakhulu. Unyango olusebenza kwimeko enye lusenokungasebenzi kwenye, okanye lunokwenza enye ibe mandundu. Ke ngoko, ugqirha ngumntu ofanelekileyo ukukunika ulwazi malunga neendlela zonyango lwalo naliphi na imeko yobuchopho. Baza kuqwalasela imbali yakho yezonyango, imeko yangoku, izinto ozikhethayo, kunye nezinye izinto ukuze bakunike iimpendulo ezihambelana nemeko yakho.

Ndingenza ntoni ukuze ndigcine i-occipital lobe yam iphilile?

Zininzi izinto onokuzenza ukugcina ingqondo yakho yonke, kuquka ne-occipital lobe yakho, isempilweni entle. Ezinye iimeko zengqondo zinokuthintelwa. Ezinye zisenokungathintelwa, kodwa unganciphisa umngcipheko wokuba nazo. Nazi ezinye zezona zinto zibalulekileyo onokuzenza:

• Yitya ukutya okunesondlo: I-vitamin D eninzi okanye encinci kakhulu inokubangela iingxaki engqondweni yakho, kuquka ne-occipital lobe. Ukutya kwakho kuchaphazela nempilo yenkqubo yakho yokujikeleza kwegazi, nto leyo ebalulekileyo ukuze ingqondo isebenze kakuhle (ukukhubazeka ngumzekelo wemeko eyenzeka xa izifo zenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi zichaphazela ingqondo).
• Hlala usebenza ngokomzimba kwaye ugcine ubunzima obusempilweni: Ubunzima bakho kunye nenqanaba lomsebenzi wakho kunokunceda ukuthintela okanye ukulibazisa iimeko ezichaphazela ingqondo, ingakumbi iingxaki zokujikeleza kwegazi ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu. Ugqirha wakho wosapho angakuxelela ukuba bubungakanani ubunzima bakho obufanelekileyo kunye nento onokuyenza ukunceda ukugcina ubunzima. Umsebenzi womzimba ulungile nakwingqondo yakho. Ayiphuculi ukujikeleza kwegazi kuphela, ikwakhuthaza ukuveliswa kweekhemikhali eziluncedo ezibizwa ngokuba zii-neurotransmitters eziveliswa ngokwendalo engqondweni.
• Nxiba izixhobo zokuzikhusela xa kuyimfuneko: Ukulimala entloko, ingakumbi ukuxhuzula kunye nokwenzakala kwengqondo okubuhlungu, kuyingozi kakhulu kwi-occipital lobe yakho. Oku kungenxa yokuba le nxalenye yengqondo ikwindawo engasemva kwentloko, okwenza kube lula ukwenzakala. Ukunxiba isigcina-ntloko, iibhanti zokhuseleko (ezifana neebhanti zokhuseleko), kunye nezinye izixhobo zokukhusela kunokunceda kakhulu ekuthinteleni iingxaki ze-occipital lobe.
• Lawula izifo zakho ezingapheliyo: Iimeko ezininzi ezichaphazela ingqondo ziya ziba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Nangona kunjalo, ukunyanga ezi meko ngamanye amaxesha kunokuzimisa okanye kucothise ukuqhubela phambili kwazo. Imizekelo yezi meko ibandakanya uhlobo lwesibini lwesifo seswekile kunye nesifo sokuwa.

Khumbula, i-occipital lobe yeyona nxalenye incinci yobuchopho bethu, kodwa sisitho esiphambili esisinceda sibone kwaye sifumane amava ehlabathi. Ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyinyamekela!

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

I-occipital lobe isenokuba yeyona lobe incinci engqondweni yakho, kodwa yinxalenye esixhomekeke kuyo sonke ixesha elininzi. Ifumaneka ngasemva kwentloko, le nxalenye yengqondo isebenza ngemiqondiso evela emehlweni akho. Nangona inokuchaphazeleka zizifo ezininzi kunye neemeko, ukuqonda kwesayensi kunye nonyango ngale ndawo yengqondo kunesithembiso sokuxilonga nokunyanga uninzi lwezi ngxaki.

I-occipital lobe ikwadityaniswe nezinye iindawo ezininzi zobuchopho, kuquka ukubona nezinye izakhono ezininzi. Yinto ebalulekileyo ekukwazini kwakho ukuqonda nokuqonda ihlabathi elikujikelezileyo. Ikwakunceda ukuba wakhe iinkumbulo ngokuthumela ulwazi malunga namava akho kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zobuchopho. Ngoko ke, nangona i-occipital lobe ikwindawo engasemva kwentloko yomntu wonke (ngokoqobo nangokomfuziselo), le nxalenye yobuchopho yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ebomini bakho bemihla ngemihla. Ke ngoko, luxanduva lwakho ukuyinyamekela kakuhle le ngqwele incinci.

I- Occipital Lobe, Ubuchopho, Umbono, I-Retina, I-Visual Cortex, I-Neurology