Yintoni i-GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale) esetyenziswa ngoogqirha ukuvavanya ingqondo yomntu osondeleyo kuwe?

Usenokuba ukhe weva, okanye weva ugqirha ethetha ngezi nobumba zintathu "GCS" esibhedlele. Mhlawumbi xa umntu osondeleyo kuwe efumene ingozi, okanye ngequbuliso elahlekelwa zingqondo, oogqirha bathetha ngale GCS. Ngoko ke, yintoni le GCS, kutheni ibaluleke kangaka, kwaye yintoni kanye kanye elinganiswa ngayo, masithethe ngokweenkcukacha nangokulula namhlanje. Injongo yam kukukunika ukuqonda okucacileyo ngale nto.

Ngamafutshane, yintoni iGCS (Glasgow Coma Scale)?

I-GCS, ukuba inyanisekile, yindlela yokulinganisa inqanaba lokuqonda komntu. Ifana nenkqubo yokufumana amanqaku. Inika amanqaku izinto ezifana nokuba ulumkile kangakanani, ukuba unolwazi olungakanani ngezinto ezikungqongileyo, kunye nokuba uphendula kakuhle kangakanani kwimiyalelo elula.

Le nkqubo yaqala ukwaziswa ngo-1974 liqela leengcali kwiYunivesithi yaseGlasgow eScotland. Nangona igama elithi "coma" lisetyenziswe kweli gama, i-GCS ngoku isetyenziswa kumxholo obanzi kakhulu kwezonyango. Sesona sikali siphambili nesisetyenziswa kakhulu ukulinganisa iimeko zokuncipha kwengqondo, kuquka ne-coma.

Yintoni "ukuqonda" ngokwezonyango?

Xa sithetha "ngengqondo" kwezonyango, kukho iimfuno ezintathu eziphambili. Ukuze umntu kuthiwe unengqondo, ezi zinto kufuneka zizalisekiswe:

• UVukani: Oku kubhekisa ekubeni umntu angakuvusa na xa uthetha okanye uchukumisa umzimba wakho. Lo ngumahluko phakathi kokulala nje nokuba kwi-coma.
• Ukuphaphama: Oku kuthetha indlela ophendula ngayo xa umntu ethetha nawe, ukuba uphi, nokuba uyakwazi na ukuqonda okwenzekayo kufutshane nawe.
• Kufuneka uqaphele (Ujolise): Oku kuthetha ukuba uyazi iinkcukacha ezifanelekileyo kwimeko yakho yangoku, njengokuba ungubani, uphi, kwaye ngowuphi umhla.

Ukuba zonke ezi zinto zintathu zikho endaweni yazo, sithi umntu "unengqondo ephilileyo."

Isetyenziswa nini i-GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale)?

Oogqirha banokusebenzisa i-GCS njengenxalenye yovavanyo lwe-neurological . Ikwaluncedo nakweyiphi na imeko apho umntu esenokulahlekelwa zingqondo. Umzekelo, kwiimeko ezibangelwa kukwenzakala entloko, njengokungqubana kwentloko kunye nokwenzakala kwengqondo okubuhlungu (TBI) .

Ayipheleli apho, kodwa isikali se-GCS sikwaluncedo kwiimeko zokulahlekelwa zingqondo ngenxa yezinye izizathu ngaphandle kokwenzakala. Umzekelo, sisetyenziswa kwiimeko zamanqanaba eswekile egazini aphantsi kakhulu (i-hypoglycemia) , ityhefu, okanye emva kokuxhuzula.

Ilinganisa ntoni i-GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale)?

Uvavanyo lwe-neurological lujonga naziphi na iingxaki ekusebenzeni kwamacandelo amabini aphambili enkqubo yethu ye-nervous. La macandelo mabini ngala:

• Inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi: Oku kuquka ingqondo yakho, isiseko sobuchopho, imithambo-luvo yokubona edibanisa ingqondo ne-retina ngasemva kwamehlo akho, kunye nomqolo.
• Inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ejikeleze imithambo-luvo: Oku kubhekisa kuzo zonke iimithambo-luvo ezingeyonxalenye yenkqubo yemithambo-luvo ephakathi.

Kukho iindawo ezintathu eziphambili ze-GCS ezifanelekileyo kolu vavanyo lwe-neurological. Uninzi lwazo lunxulumene nengqondo ngokwayo, kodwa ezinye zinokubandakanya intambo yomgogodla kunye nemithambo-luvo emzimbeni wonke:

• Impendulo yamehlo: Oku kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwindlela ophapheme kwaye ophaphile ngayo.
• Impendulo yentshukumo yomzimba: Eli candelo lijonga indlela ingqondo yakho enokuyilawula ngayo intshukumo yemisipha. Linokuchonga naziphi na iingxaki ngonxibelelwano phakathi kwengqondo yakho nezinye iindawo zomzimba wakho.
• Impendulo yomlomo: Oku kuvavanya indlela esebenza kakuhle ngayo imisebenzi ethile yobuchopho, njengokucinga, inkumbulo, ingqalelo, kunye nokuqonda okukungqongileyo.

Isebenza njani i-GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale)?

Ukuze bafumane amanqaku akho e-GCS, oogqirha badibanisa amanqaku avela kumacandelo amathathu angaphambili e-GCS. Ugqirha uza kuvavanya ngalinye lala macandelo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, baza kujonga impendulo yakho ngomlomo baze bakubuze imibuzo embalwa. Ngowuphi umhla weveki namhlanje, ngowuphi ixesha, kwaye ukusiphi isixeko ngoku?

Enye yezona nzuzo zibalulekileyo ze-GCS kukuba inokujonga utshintsho kwinqanaba lakho lokuqonda. Oogqirha badla ngokuphinda olu vavanyo lwe-neurological ngamaxesha athile kwaye barekhode utshintsho kumanqaku e-GCS.

Nantsi indlela ezi candelo ezinikwa ngayo amanqaku:

Impendulo Yamehlo

Oku ikakhulu kulinganisa ukuba uvukile kangakanani. Ukuba awukho zingqondweni, inqanaba lakho lokungazi lilinganiswa ngokuvavanya iimpendulo zakho ze-reflex kuxinzelelo. Apha, "uxinzelelo" yinto efana noxinzelelo oluthambileyo olunezikhonkwane. Lufanele lubangele ukungonwabi okuncinci, okwethutyana, kungekhona ukwenzakala.

Impendulo Yomlomo

Ugqirha uza kuvavanya oku ngokukubuza imibuzo elinganisa inkumbulo yakho, amandla okucinga, kunye nokuqonda okukungqongileyo. Angajonga neengxaki zengqondo okanye imithambo-luvo elawula izihlunu ebusweni nasemlonyeni wakho.

Impendulo yeMoto

Eli candelo lingatyhila naziphi na iingxaki ezinxulumene nonxibelelwano phakathi kwemithambo-luvo yakho, umqolo, kunye nengqondo. Likwavavanya amandla engqondo yakho okulawula intshukumo yezihlunu kunye nokuba ungayiqonda na kwaye wenze ngokwemiyalelo.

Yintoni i-GCS-P?

Ngowama-2018, iqela leengcali — kuquka omnye wabadali bokuqala be-GCS — likhuphe inguqulelo ehlaziyiweyo ye-GCS, ebizwa ngokuba yi-"GCS-P." U-P umele "uMfundi," umngxuma omnyama ngaphakathi kweliso. Eli linani lesine elithatyathwe kumanqaku aqhelekileyo e-GCS.

Indlela umfundi weliso asabela ngayo ekukhanyeni (i-Pupil reaction) ibaluleke kakhulu kuba inika izikhokelo malunga nokusebenza kwengqondo. Ukuba umfundi wakho akaphenduli ekukhanyeni, oko kunokubonisa ingxaki enkulu okanye ukwenzakala okuchaphazela ingqondo.

Amanqaku anikwa umfundi aqala ku-0 ukuya ku-2.

• 2: Zombini ii-cornea aziphenduli ekukhanyeni.
• 1: Umfundi omnye akasabeli ekukhanyeni.
• 0: Zombini ii-cornea ziyasabela ekukhanyeni.

Xa amanqaku empendulo yomfundi ethatyathwa kumanqaku e-GCS, amanqaku e-GCS-P anokuqala ukusuka kwi-1 ukuya kwi-15. Amanqaku e-GCS-P angama-8 okanye ngaphantsi abonisa ukuba ukhothile.

Umzekelo, ukuba amanqaku e-GCS angama-3 kwaye amanqaku e-iris angama-2, amanqaku e-GCS-P angama-1. Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho i-coma enzulu kakhulu kwaye ii-irises emehlweni omabini aziphenduli ekukhanyeni.

Ngaba kukho iintlungu ngexesha lovavanyo lwe-GCS?

Iinkcazo ezindala ze-GCS zisebenzisa igama elithi "intlungu" ukuchaza imvakalelo esetyenziswa ukuvavanya ii-reflexes ezithile. Nangona kunjalo, izikhokelo ezintsha zitshintshe elo gama laba "uxinzelelo." Olu tshintsho lwamagama luchaneke ngakumbi, kuba akukho monakalo ubandakanyekayo. Kucacile nokuba ugqirha akazami ukubangela intlungu okanye ukwenzakalisa umntu omthandayo.

Izikhokelo zokuqala ze-GCS azizange zichaze ngokucacileyo apho kufuneka kusetyenziswe uxinzelelo khona xa kuvavanywa i-reflexes. Ngo-1975, unyaka emva kokuba i-GCS ipapashwe okokuqala, iingcali ezaziyiphuhlisile zapapasha izikhokelo ezithile. Nazi ezinye zeendawo ugqirha anokusebenzisa uxinzelelo kuzo:

• Iibhedi zeenzipho: Izinzipho ezisezandleni nasezinyaweni zakho ziyasabela kuxinzelelo. Oogqirha badla ngokucinezela enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezi ukuze babone ukuba umzimba uphendula ngendlela evuselelayo na kuxinzelelo olo.
• Umsipha weTrapezius: Lo msipha udibanisa amahlombe akho, intamo ephakathi kunye nomqolo. Kulula ukuwufikelela ukuze ufumane i-reflex yoxinzelelo.
• I-Supraorbital notch: Olu luxinzelelo oluncinci ekhayeni lakho, ngaphezulu kwamehlo akho nangaphantsi kwamashiya akho.

Zithini iziphumo, kwaye zisixelela ntoni?

Amanqaku aphezulu kakhulu kwi-GCS yi-15, kwaye amanqaku aphantsi yi-3.Amanqaku ali-15 athetha ukuba uvukile ngokupheleleyo, usabela kakuhle, kwaye awunangxaki ngokucinga okanye ngenkumbulo yakho. Ngokwesiqhelo, amanqaku asi-8 okanye ngaphantsi athetha ukuba ukwi-coma. Okukhona amanqaku ephantsi, kokukhona i-coma inzulu.

Oogqirha banokubhala amanqaku akho e-GCS njengendibaniselwano yoonobumba/amanani. Umzekelo, amanqaku ali-15 angabhalwa njengo-"E4V5M6". Amanqaku ama-3 angabhalwa njengo-"E1V1M1". (E=Eye, V=Verbal, M=Motor)

IiGCS Ranges zokulimala entloko

Xa oogqirha besebenzisa i-GCS xa benzakele entloko, basebenzisa uluhlu lwamanqaku ukuchaza ubunzulu bokwenzakala. Olu luhlu lulandelayo:

• 13 ukuya kwi-15: Ukulimala okungephi ebuchotsheni (mTBI). Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-concussion .
• 9 ukuya kwi-12: I-TBI ephakathi.
• 3 ukuya ku-8: Ukulimala kakhulu engqondweni (i-TBI eqatha).

Yintoni endifanele ndiyazi malunga namanqaku e-GCS omntu osondeleyo kum?

Ngokwesiqhelo, usapho lwakho okanye abantu obathandayo baya kuxoxa ngamanqaku akho e-GCS nogqirha wakho. Kukho izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka uzazi malunga ne-GCS kunye nendlela oogqirha abayisebenzisa ngayo:

• Iziphumo zovavanyo zintsonkothile ngaphezu kwenani nje. Amanqaku e-GCS awakuxeleli yonke imiphumo yovavanyo. Kukho okungakumbi kuvavanyo lwe-neurological kunenani nje. Nangona kulula ukuliqonda inani, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha womntu omthandayo ukuze uqonde imeko yakhe echanekileyo.
• I-GCS nayo inemida. Kwezinye iimeko, i-GCS isenokungabi luncedo. Umzekelo, ukuba umntu usebenzisa i -ventilator , okanye ukuba akathethi ulwimi olufanayo nogqirha. Isenokungabi luncedo nakubantu abaneemeko okanye ukwenzakala okuchaphazela amalungu omzimba okanye iinkqubo i-GCS exhomekeke kuzo (umz., ukuphazamiseka kokubona okanye ukuva).
• I-GCS ayisiyonto yodwa esetyenziswa ngoogqirha ukuqikelela ukuba isifo siza kwenzeka nini. Oogqirha badla ngokusebenzisa i-GCS ukuqikelela iziphumo ezinokubakho, kodwa ayisiyonto yodwa abayicingayo. Buza ugqirha wakho malunga namanqaku abo kunye nokuba oku kuthetha ukuthini kwixesha elizayo.

Khumbula, amanqaku e-GCS sisixhobo esinye nje. Nangona enika ulwazi olubalulekileyo, unxibelelwano oluhle neqela lezonyango lubalulekile ukuze kuqondwe umfanekiso opheleleyo.

Okokugqibela, yintoni ekufuneka uyikhumbule

Isikali seGlasgow Coma (GCS) sisixhobo esiqhelekileyo nesibalulekileyo esisetyenziswa ngoogqirha ukulinganisa amanqanaba okulahlekelwa yingqondo kunye ne-coma.Nangona sele kudlule phantse iminyaka engama-50 ukususela oko yaqalwa ukuphuhliswa, iingcali ziye zafunda ngokubanzi isikali kwaye zafumanisa ukuba sisixhobo esiluncedo sokuxilonga. (Baye basiphucula ngokuhamba kwexesha.) Ukusebenzisa esi sixhobo kukwanceda oogqirha ukuba balandelele utshintsho ekusebenzeni kwengqondo. Oku kunokunceda ukukhokela unyango kunye nokuphucula ukhathalelo lwabantu abaneemeko ezichaphazela ingqondo.

Ukuba wena okanye umntu osondeleyo kuwe unengxaki yoku, ungoyiki ukubuza imibuzo nokufumana ulwazi koogqirha bakho. Bakulungele kwaye bazimisele ukukunceda.

` Ingqondo, i-GCS, iGlasgow Coma Scale, Ukulimala kobuchopho, i-Coma, Uvavanyo lwe-Neurological, Impilo