Yintoni le 'yokugqithisela'? Masiyiqonde ngokulula!

Ngaba wakha waliva igama elithi 'extravasation'? Mhlawumbi ukhe waliva kugqirha wakho, okanye mhlawumbi ukhe waliva ngelixa uphanda unyango lomhlaza . Nangona eneneni ligama lezonyango, linentsingiselo ezimbini. Enye kukuba yinkqubo yendalo eyenzeka ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu. Enye kukuba yingxaki encinci enokwenzeka ngamanye amaxesha xa sinika amayeza, ingakumbi ngexesha le-chemotherapy . Siza kuthetha ngazo zombini ezi zinto namhlanje, ngokulula, ukuze uqonde.

Yintoni le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yi-'extravasation'?

Ngamafutshane, 'ukukhupha igazi emzimbeni' yinkqubo yeeseli emzimbeni wethu eziphuma kwimithambo yegazi (apho igazi lihamba khona) ziye kwizicubu ezingqongileyo. Yenziwe ngamagama amabini esiLatini. Igama elithi 'extra' lithetha "ngaphandle" kwaye elithi 'vas' lithetha "isitsha." Ngoko ke lithetha into efana "nokuphuma kwisitya."

Cinga ngale ndlela. Xa ufumana inxeba elincinci, okanye xa intsholongwane ingena emzimbeni wakho, into yokuqala eza kukunceda ziiseli zakho ezimhlophe zegazi. Zifana namapolisa emzimbeni wakho. Ezi seli ezimhlophe zegazi zihamba ngemithambo yegazi yakho, zitsibe ziphume kuloo mithambo yegazi, zize ziye enxebeni okanye kwintsholongwane. Le nkqubo siyibiza ngokuba yi-'extravasation'. Le yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba wakho .

Kwakhona, okubuhlungu kukuba, le nkqubo inye 'yokukhupha umhlaza' isetyenziswa ziiseli zomhlaza ukusasazeka emzimbeni wonke, oko kukuthi, ukusuka kwenye indawo ukuya kwenye (esikwabiza ngokuba yi-'metastasis').

Iiseli zomhlaza zikwenza njani oku?

Iiseli zomhlaza ziqala ngokuphuma kwithumba lokuqala. Ezi seli emva koko zihamba ngemithambo yegazi emincinci emzimbeni wethu, ebizwa ngokuba yi-capillaries , ziye egazini. Njengoko zihamba, ezi seli zomhlaza zinamathela kumaleko omncinci wezicubu ezibizwa ngokuba yi-endothelium , ejikeleza imithambo yegazi.

Ekuqaleni, ezi seli zomhlaza zihamba ecaleni kwe-endothelium. Emva kwexesha elithile, zinamathela ngokuqinileyo kwi-endothelium. (Oku kuncediswa zezinye zeeseli zethu ezimhlophe zegazi, uhlobo lweseli olubizwa ngokuba zii-platelets . Abaphandi bezonyango bafunda le nkqubo kakhulu, kuba bacinga ukuba ukuba singayimisa, singanciphisa ukusasazeka komhlaza.) Ekugqibeleni, ezi seli zomhlaza ziqhekeza iindonga zemithambo yegazi zize ziphume ziye kwiithishu. Emva koko, iiseli zomhlaza zinokulala, zife, okanye ziqale ukwenza iithumba ezintsha kwindawo entsha.

Usenokuba ucinga, "Ndingayiva na ukuba bendino-'extravasation' efana nale emzimbeni wam?" Xa iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi zilwa nosulelo, usenokuziva into efana nokudumba nokubomvu. Kodwa xa umhlaza usasazeka , usenokungaziboni iimpawu ezinjalo ekuqaleni . Nangona uvavanyo lwezonyango lungabonisi ngqo olu 'extravasation', izinto ezifana nenani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi egazini kunye neempawu zomhlaza zinokujongwa ngovavanyo lwegazi.

Imeko yezonyango ebizwa ngokuba yi-'extravasation'

Ngoku masithethe ngenye intsingiselo yoko oogqirha bakubiza ngokuba yi-'extravasation'. Oku kuyinyani ngakumbi xa izigulane ezinomhlaza zinikwa amayeza e-chemotherapy ngemithambo yegazi (IV) , olu luhlobo lwamayeza anikwa ngetyhubhu (cannula) aye emthanjeni.

Usenokuba uqaphele ukuba amanye amayeza anikwa ngqo emthanjeni. Kunyango lomhlaza, eli yeza linikwa ngqo egazini ngetyhubhu ye-IV. Eli tyhubhu ye-IV lidla ngokudityaniswa nomthambo ongalweni okanye esihlahleni sakho. Emva koko eli yeza liphonswa ngetyhubhu esuka kwingxowa yeplastiki iye egazini lakho. Ngamanye amaxesha kusetyenziswa i-cannula, efaka iyeza kancinci kancinci emzimbeni wakho kangangexesha elithile.

Ngoku, kukho amayeza okulwa nomhlaza abizwa ngokuba yi- "vesicants." Eli gama lithetha "okubangela ii-vesicants." Ukuba la mayeza "e-vesicants" aphuma kumgca we-IV okanye kwi-"cannula," anokonakalisa izicubu eziphilileyo ezijikelezileyo. Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokwezonyango ngokuba yi-"extravasation," xa amayeza ephuma emthanjeni aze onakalise izicubu .

Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, umntu ofumana iyeza unokuziva etsha kwaye ebuhlungu kwindawo yokufakwa kwe-IV. Ukuba iyeza livuza nge-cannula, indawo leyo inokuvakala iqinile, idumbile, kwaye ibomvu.

Kodwa nantsi into ebaluleke kakhulu ekufuneka uyikhumbule . Ukuba unikwa uhlobo lweyeza lomhlaza 'elibangela iintlungu', oogqirha bakho kunye nabongikazi bayayazi kakuhle loo nto. Izibhedlele zinemigaqo-nkqubo nezikhokelo ezicacileyo zokuthintela oku 'kugqithisela'. Zikubeka esweni ngononophelo xa zikunika eli yeza, kwaye ukuba zibona naziphi na iingxaki, ziyazilungisa ngokukhawuleza.

Ingaba oku 'kugqithisela' kuqhelekile kunyango lomhlaza?

Hayi, oku akuqhelekanga kangako., kodwa akunakwenzeka. Olunye uphando lufumanise ukuba malunga ne-6% yonyango lomhlaza lune-'extravasation' encinci. Abasebenzi bezonyango abanika amayeza omhlaza nge-IV baqeqeshwe ngokukodwa ukuthintela oku kunye nokunyanga ngokukhawuleza ukuba kuyenzeka.

Ingaba le yingxaki enkulu?

Ewe, ngamanye amaxesha oku kunokuba yinto enzulu . Cinga ngako, amayeza anamandla okubulala iiseli zomhlaza anokonakalisa nezicwili ezisempilweni, akunjalo? Ngoko ke ukuba iyeza liphuma kwi-IV, linokubangela intlungu kwaye lonakalise izicwili. Iimpawu zinokuvela ngoko nangoko, okanye zinokuvela kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva.

Zithini iimpawu 'zokukhupha i-extravasation'?

• Intlungu ngequbuliso apho kufakwa khona i-IV okanye i-cannula.
• Imvakalelo yokutsha okanye yokuhlaba .
• Ulusu lubomvu kuloo ndawo.
• Iipockmarks okanye amadyungudyungu .
• Ukwenzakala .
• Ukumhlophe kwesikhumba (oku kungaba luphawu lokonakala kwezicubu).

Ngaba kukho naziphi na izinto ezibangela umngcipheko wokukhupha igazi emzimbeni?

Ewe, ezinye izinto zinokunyusa lo mngcipheko kancinci. Kodwa abasebenzi bezonyango bayazazi ezi zinto zinobungozi, ngoko ke bathatha amanyathelo okunciphisa lo mngcipheko.

• Kwabo banemithambo emincinci okanye ebuthathaka .
• Kwabo banemithambo yegazi eqhuma ngokukhawuleza kunesiqhelo .
• Kubantu abanemithambo yegazi etyebileyo okanye eqinileyo ngenxa yonyango lomhlaza.
• Kwabo banemithambo yegazi ehambahambayo xa bezama ukufaka i-IV.

Iphathwa njani le 'extravasation'?

Abasebenzi bezonyango abanika amayeza omhlaza bakwenza kube yeyona nto iphambili ukuthintela oku 'kugqithisela'. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba, ngelishwa, kuyenzeka, baqeqeshwe ukusombulula ngokukhawuleza naziphi na iingxaki ezivelayo. Nazi ezinye iindlela abadla ngokuzithatha:

• Amayeza asebenzisa i-IV aza kuyekiswa ngoko nangoko.
• Kangangoko kunokwenzeka, susa naliphi na iyeza elichithekileyo kuloo ndawo.
• I-IV iyasuswa ize ilahlwe.
• Ingalo echaphazelekayo iphakanyisiwe kancinci (iphakanyisiwe).
• Faka ikhrimu ukunciphisa iimpawu.
• Kusetyenziswa ii-cold compresses. I-cold compress inciphisa iintlungu. Ikwanciphisa imithambo yegazi, nto leyo enciphisa ukusasazeka kwamayeza aseleyo.
• Kwezinye iimeko , kusetyenziswa ii-compress ezifudumeleyo.Iicompress ezifudumeleyo zonyusa ukuhamba kwegazi, nto leyo enokunceda ukususa okanye ukunciphisa inani lamayeza ajikeleze indawo yomhlaza. (Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba icompress efudumeleyo okanye ebandayo ifanelekile na.)

Kwenzeka ntoni emva 'kokugqithisela'?

Ingahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho. Iqela lakho lezonyango liza kunyanga iingxaki ezibangelwa kukuphuma kwegazi emzimbeni. Emva koko, baza kujonga imeko yakho ukuze babone ukuba kukho naziphi na iingxaki ezintsha ezikhulayo okanye ukuba imeko iba mandundu.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ungaqhubeka nonyango ngokusebenzisa indawo eyahlukileyo ye-IV. Ngamanye amaxesha, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa ukuba uhlehlise unyango kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa ude uphile. Nangona kunjalo, baya kukunika imiyalelo eneenkcukacha malunga nendlela yokuzinyamekela ekhaya. Umzekelo:

• Emva kokukhupha i-extravasation, ungacelwa ukuba ufake ii-compress ezibandayo okanye ezishushu esandleni sakho ubuncinane usuku (malunga nemizuzu eli-15-20, amaxesha amane ukuya kwamathandathu ngemini). Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela indlela yokwenza oku.
• Ungabaxelela ukuba bagcine isandla esichaphazelekileyo siphakanyisiwe .

Ngaba ndiza kukwazi ukuqhubeka nonyango?

Kukwaxhomekeke kwimeko yakho. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba uninzi lwabantu lunokuqhubeka nonyango . Ngamanye amaxesha, i-IV inokutshintshwa kwaye unyango lunokuqaliswa kungekudala emva kokukhupha i-extravasation. Ngamanye amaxesha, unyango lunokulibaziseka de iimpawu zokukhupha i-extravasation ziphele ngokupheleleyo.

Ndingamxelela nini ugqirha?

Ukuba iimpawu zokukhupha igazi emzimbeni zihlala ixesha elide kunokuba ubulindele, qiniseka ukuba wazise ugqirha wakho .

Ngamafutshane, nazi izinto ekufuneka sizikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokubuyela Ekhaya):

Ngoku uyazi ukuba igama elithi 'extravasation' linentsingiselo ezimbini. Enye yinkqubo yendalo esetyenziswa ziiseli zomhlaza ukusasazeka emzimbeni wonke. Enye yimeko yezonyango enokwenzeka xa amayeza e-chemotherapy ephuma kwi-IV.

Okubalulekileyo kukuba, le ngxaki ibizwa ngokuba yi-'extravasation' ayiqhelekanga kunyango lomhlaza. Abasebenzi bezonyango baqeqeshwe ngokukodwa ukuyithintela nokunyanga ngokukhawuleza ukuba iyenzeka.

Ukuba uza kwenziwa i-chemotherapy yomhlaza, thetha nogqirha wakho okanye umongikazi malunga nento omawuyilindele ngexesha lonyango kunye nemiphumo emibi eqhelekileyo. Ngale ndlela, ukuba ubona into eyahlukileyo, unokufumanisa ukuba iqhelekile okanye yinto ekufuneka uyixele ngoko nangoko. Ungakhathazeki, iqela lakho lezonyango lilapha ukukunceda.

Ukukhupha ulwelo emzimbeni, unyango lomhlaza, i-chemotherapy, ukuvuza kwe-IV, ukuvuza kwamayeza emthanjeni, ukusasazeka komhlaza, ukufuduka kweeseli