Masifunde ukuba yintoni kanye kanye i-Pap smear kwaye kutheni ibalulekile kwimpilo yakho.

Mhlawumbi ukhe weva nge-"Pap smear" okanye uvavanyo lwe-Pap. Mhlawumbi ugqirha ukuxelele ukuba ulufumane. Luvavanyo olubaluleke kakhulu kubafazi abaninzi, ingakumbi xa kuziwa kwimpilo yokuzala. Nangona abantu abaninzi belufumana lusoyikisa kwaye lungakhululeki, izibonelelo zalo zininzi. Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha ngolu vavanyo lwe-Pap ngokweenkcukacha, ngokulula, nangendlela onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni i-Pap smear?

Ngamafutshane, uvavanyo lwePap luvavanyo olunceda ekufumaneni umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kwangethuba. Lukhangela ikakhulu iiseli zomhlaza kwisibeleko sakho, okanye iiseli ezingaqhelekanga (iiseli ezingaphambi komhlaza) ezinokuthi zibe ngumhlaza kwixesha elizayo, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-dysplasia . Ngamanye amaxesha, olu vavanyo lunokufumanisa izifo ezithile ezidluliselwa ngesondo (ii-STI) kunye nokudumba kwesibeleko.

Nantsi into eyenzekayo ngexesha lovavanyo lwePap: Ugqirha wakho uthatha iiseli ezimbalwa ngononophelo kwisibeleko sakho. Emva koko, isampuli yeseli ihlolwa phantsi kwemakroskopu ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho into engaqhelekanga na. Olu vavanyo lwaqalwa ukwenziwa nguGqr. George Papanicolaou, ugqirha waseMelika. Yiyo loo nto lubizwa ngokuba yi "Pap."

Cinga ngayo, sizama ukucima umsi omncinci endlwini, asilindi de kubekho umlilo omkhulu. Yiyo loo nto uvavanyo lwePap luba njalo. Lunceda ekufumaneni umhlaza ngesibonakaliso esincinci ngaphambi kokuba ube mkhulu.

Ndifanele ndifumane uvavanyo lwePap kangaphi?

Oku kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezimbalwa, njengobudala bakho, imbali yakho yempilo, kunye neziphumo zovavanyo lwePap lwangaphambili okanye uvavanyo lweHPV. Nangona kunjalo, kukho isikhokelo esiqhelekileyo esilandelwayo:

• Abafazi abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-21 nengama-30 ubudala: Ngokuqhelekileyo kucetyiswa ukuba kwenziwe uvavanyo lwePap rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-3 .
• Abafazi abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-30 ukuya kwengama-65 ubudala: Kubafazi abakweli qela leminyaka, kucetyiswa ukuba benze uvavanyo lwePap kunye novavanyo lweHPV (uvavanyo oludibeneyo) rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-5 okanye uvavanyo lwePap lodwa rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-3. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ukuba yintoni ekulungeleyo.

Oogqirha bacinga ukuba uvavanyo lwePap "lumgangatho olungileyo" wokuthintela umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kuba lunokubona utshintsho kwiiseli zomlomo wesibeleko ngaphambi kokuba zibe ngumhlaza, okanye zibe ngaphambi komhlaza. Okukhona imeko ifunyanwa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona amathuba okuchacha ngokupheleleyo ngonyango ayanda.

Ukuya kuvavanyo lwePap kunokubonakala ngathi kukukhathaza kancinci. Kulula ukuyiphepha, ucinge, "Owu, bekulungile ngaphambili, kutheni ukuphinda uyenze?" Kodwa kubalulekile kwimpilo yakho yokuzala.Ukuba uyayibekela bucala, utshintsho oluyingozi kwiiseli lunokwenzeka ungaqondanga. Ukuba awuqinisekanga ukuba uvavanyo lwakho lwePap luza kuba nini, qiniseka ukuba ubuza ugqirha wakho.

Ngaba abanye abantu bafuna uvavanyo lwePap rhoqo?

Ewe, kwezinye iimeko ezikhethekileyo, oogqirha banokucebisa uvavanyo lwePap rhoqo. Okanye banokucebisa ukuba kuqhutyekwe nokulwenza emva kweminyaka engama-65. Ezo meko ziquka:

• Ukuba amajoni akho omzimba abuthathaka ngenxa yosulelo lwe-HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) okanye esinye isifo (umz. i-chemotherapy yomhlaza).
• Ukuba ukhe wadibana neyeza elibizwa ngokuba yi -diethylstilbestrol (DES) ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwakho (oko kukuthi, ngelixa usesesibelekweni sikamama wakho). (Eli yeza lanikwa oomama abakhulelweyo de kwaba malunga no-1971.)
• Ukuba ukhe waba nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko ngaphambili.
• Ukuba ukhe wafumana iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga kwiimvavanyo zePap zangaphambili (iiPap smears ezingaqhelekanga).

Yintoni kanye kanye ejongwa luvavanyo lwePap?

Uvavanyo lwePap lujonga ikakhulu:

• Umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.
• Iiseli ezingaqhelekanga kwisibeleko, ezibizwa ngokuba yi-dysplasia, zinokukhula zibe ngumhlaza.
• I-Human Papillomavirus (HPV). Olu lusulelo oluxhaphakileyo oludluliselwa ngesondo (STI). Ezinye iintlobo ze-HPV zandisa umngcipheko womhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.

Nangona kunjalo, uvavanyo lwePap alunakufumana izifo ezidluliselwa ngesondo ezifana ne -gonorrhea kunye ne-chlamydia . Ezi kufuneka zivavanywe ngokwahlukeneyo. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha uvavanyo lwePap lunokufumanisa izifo ezifana ne -trichomonas , ukukhula okugqithisileyo kwebhaktheriya, okanye usulelo lwe-yeast.

Ngaba uvavanyo lwePap kunye novavanyo lwe-pelvic ziyafana?

Le yinto abantu abaninzi abayidideyo. Uvavanyo lwe-pelvic luxa ugqirha wakho ehlola isibeleko sakho, ama-ovari, kunye nezinye iindawo zenkqubo yakho yokuzala. I-Pap smear ayisoloko yenziwa ngexesha lovavanyo lwe-pelvic. Nangona kunjalo, uvavanyo lwe-pelvic ludla ngokwenziwa ngaxeshanye ne-Pap smear. I-Pap smear inokuba yinxalenye yovavanyo lwe-pelvic.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kovavanyo lwePap kunye novavanyo lweHPV?

Uvavanyo lwe-HPV lujonga iintlobo ezithile ze-HPV ezonyusa umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Zininzi iintlobo ze-HPV, kwaye azizizo zonke ezibangela umhlaza.

Oogqirha banokwenza uvavanyo lwePap kunye novavanyo lweHPV ngaxeshanye. Oku kubizwa ngokuba "luvavanyo oludibeneyo."Zombini zenziwa ngendlela efanayo – kuthathwa isampulu yeeseli kwisibeleko. Xa ithunyelwa kwilebhu, ugqirha uya kukuxelela ukuba ufuna uvavanyo lwePap, uvavanyo lweHPV, okanye zombini (uvavanyo oludibeneyo) kule sampulu. Ixesha eliphakathi kwezi mvavanyo zimbini linokwahluka kancinci ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni wenza uvavanyo lwePap okanye uvavanyo oludibeneyo.

Ndikhe ndakhutshwa isisu. Ngaba ndifuna uvavanyo lwePap?

Oku kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lotyando lwesisu oluye lwenziwa kunye nokuba lwenziwe ngenxa yomhlaza okanye esinye isizathu.

• Ukuba yonke okanye inxalenye yesibeleko sakho iphelele , kufuneka uqhubeke nokwenza uvavanyo lwePap.
• Ukuba umlomo wakho wesibeleko ususiwe ngokupheleleyo , usenokungadingi olunye uvavanyo lwePap, kodwa oko kuxhomekeke kwisizathu sokususwa kwesibeleko.

Umzekelo, abantu abaye basuswa isisu ngenxa yomhlaza wesibeleko, wesibeleko, okanye wesibeleko banokufuna ukuqhubeka besenza uvavanyo lwePap ukujonga iimpawu zomhlaza kwizicubu zesini. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ususwe isisu ngenxa yesinye isifo, njenge- uterine fibroids , ugqirha wakho unokugqiba ekubeni usemngciphekweni omncinci wokufumana umhlaza kwaye awudingi olunye uvavanyo lwePap. Ngoko ke, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto.

Ulungiselela njani uvavanyo lwePap?

Ezinye izinto ozenzayo kwiintsuku ezingaphambi kwe-Pap smear zinokuchaphazela iziphumo zovavanyo. Ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezichanekileyo, qaphela ezi zinto:

• Kuphephe ukulala ngesondo kwilungu lobufazi iintsuku ezimbini ngaphambi kovavanyo.
• Musa ukusebenzisa ii-tampons, iikhrimu zesini okanye amayeza, iifoam zokulawula ukuzala okanye iijeli, ii-lubricants, okanye ii-douches ubuncinane iintsuku ezimbini ngaphambi kovavanyo.
• Zama ukucwangcisa uvavanyo lwakho ngosuku olulandela ukuphela kwenyanga yakho . Ukuba unesi sifo ngomhla wovavanyo, okanye ukuba ucinga ukuba uza kusifumana, fowunela ugqirha wakho umbuze ukuba wenze ntoni.

Ndingafumana uvavanyo lwePap ngexesha lokuya exesheni?

Kungcono ukuphepha uvavanyo lwePap ngexesha lokuya exesheni, kuba oku kunokutshintsha iziphumo. Abanye oogqirha benza uvavanyo lwePap kwiintsuku zokugqibela zokuya exesheni (xa ukopha kuncinci). Kungcono ukucela iingcebiso kugqirha wakho malunga noku, okanye ukuhlehlisa uvavanyo kude kube yimini apho ungenaxesha lokuya exesheni.

Lwenziwa njani uvavanyo lwePap?

Uvavanyo lwePap lwenziwa ngqo eofisini kagqirha wakho. Akuthathi xesha lide, yimizuzu embalwa nje ukuyenza.

1. Okokuqala, uza kucelwa ukuba ukhulule impahla yakho ukusuka esinqeni ukuya ezantsi okanye ukhulule ngokupheleleyo impahla uze unxibe ilokhwe yesibhedlele.

2. Emva koko, uza kulala etafileni yovavanyo imilenze yakho ivuliwe kwaye izithende zakho zixinene. Uza kunikwa ilaphu okanye iphepha lokugquma imilenze yakho.

3. Emva koko, ugqirha uza kwenza uvavanyo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Isixhobo esibizwa ngokuba yi-speculum sifakwa kancinci kwilungu lobufazi bakho. Usenokuziva ucinezelekile kancinci ngeli xesha. Esi sisixhobo esenziwe ngesinyithi okanye seplastiki. Sisetyenziselwa ukuvula ilungu lobufazi bakho ukuze ugqirha akwazi ukubona kakuhle isibeleko sakho.
• Emva koko, besebenzisa into efana nebrashi encinci okanye i-spatula, baya kukrwela iiseli ezimbalwa kancinci kumphezulu wesibeleko sakho.
• Ibhrashi okanye icephe eliqulethe iiseli zomlomo wesibeleko lifakwa kwityhubhu okanye kwibhotile encinci equlethe ulwelo olukhethekileyo.
• Ekugqibeleni, i-speculum iyasuswa.

Yiyo leyo! Uvavanyo luphelile.

Ngaba uvavanyo lwePap lubuhlungu?

Uvavanyo lwePap alunantlungu , kodwa lunokuba lungathandeki kancinci. Abanye abantu banokuphuma igazi kancinci emva kovavanyo. Kodwa akufuneki ube neentlungu okanye isisu esibuhlungu. Ukuba uziva ungakhululekanga kangangemizuzu embalwa, okanye ukuba wopha igazi ngaphezulu kweeyure ezingama-24, qiniseka ukuba uxelele ugqirha wakho.

Yintoni onokuyilindela emva kovavanyo lwePap?

Ugqirha wakho uza kuthumela isampuli yeeseli kwilebhu, apho ingcali yezifo , ingcali kwiiseli, iza kuhlola iiseli phantsi kwemakroskopu ukuze ibone ukuba zinomhlaza okanye zineeseli ezingaqhelekanga ezinxulumene nentsholongwane ye-HPV.

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingxaki ngovavanyo lwePap?

Ii-Pap smears luvavanyo olukhuselekileyo noluthembekileyo. Kusenokubakho ukopha emva kovavanyo, kodwa akufuneki kubekho ntlungu okanye ukungakhululeki. Kunqabile kakhulu ukuba kubekho iziphumo ezingezizo ezilungileyo , okanye iziphumo ezingezizo ezilungileyo. Kodwa oku kunqabile kakhulu.

Ndiza kuzifumana nini iziphumo zovavanyo lwam?

Kungathatha ukuya kuthi ga kwiiveki ezintathu ukuba ugqirha wakho afumane iziphumo zelebhu. Xa iziphumo zifikile, ugqirha wakho uya kukwazisa ukuba kufuneka wenze nini uvavanyo lwakho lwePap olulandelayo, okanye ukuba kukho ezinye iimvavanyo ezifunekayo.

Zithetha ukuthini iziphumo zovavanyo lwePap?

Xa ufumana iziphumo, zingahlulwahlulwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Okuqhelekileyo: Akukho ziseli zingaqhelekanga ezifunyenweyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba bekungekho nto ingaqhelekanga kwisampulu. Oku ngamanye amaxesha kubizwa ngokuba "yisiphumo esibi." Ukuba kunjalo, kuya kufuneka wenze uvavanyo lwakho lwePap olulandelayo kwiminyaka emithathu (njengoko kucetyisiwe ngugqirha wakho).
• Akucacanga/Akuqhelekanga:Abasebenzi belebhu abanakukwazi ukuqiniseka ukuba iiseli ziqhelekile okanye aziqhelekanga. Okwangoku, ugqirha wakho unokukucela ukuba ubuye ukuze wenze olunye uvavanyo lwePap kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, okanye banokukucela ukuba wenze uvavanyo lweHPV.
• Okungaqhelekanga: Ubungakanani kunye nokuma kweeseli kwenza zibonakale ngathi azinawo umhlaza. Oogqirha baphinda bazibeke ezi seli "njengezinga eliphantsi" okanye "eliphezulu."
• Iiseli ezikumgangatho ophantsi zithetha ukuba kungathatha iminyaka ukuba umhlaza ukhule. Ezi zihlala zibangelwa lusulelo lwe-HPV kwaye zinokususwa yinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
• Iiseli ezikumgangatho ophezulu zithetha ukuba iiseli zinokuba nomhlaza ngokukhawuleza. Okwangoku, kufuneka uvavanyo olongezelelweyo kunye nonyango ngokuqinisekileyo.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lwePap ezingacacanga okanye ezingaqhelekanga azithethi ukuba unomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko! Kuthetha nje ukuba kukho enye into ekufuneka ijongwe. Ugqirha wakho uza kuthetha nawe malunga neziphumo zovavanyo kunye nento omawuyenze ngokulandelayo. Ngoko ke musa ukoyika.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo emva koko ukuba kufunyenwe iziphumo zovavanyo lwePap ezingaqhelekanga?

Ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho lwePap aziqhelekanga, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa uvavanyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-colposcopy . Abanye abantu benza olunye uvavanyo lwePap kuqala ukuze babone ukuba iziphumo ziyafana nangaphambili.

Uvavanyo lwePap luvavanyo lokuhlola kuphela – alunakukwazi ukufumanisa umhlaza ngokuqinisekileyo. Ukuze uqiniseke ukuba unomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko, ugqirha wakho uza kwenza i-colposcopy. Olu vavanyo luza:

• Ugqirha usebenzisa isixhobo esikhethekileyo sokukhulisa esibizwa ngokuba yi-colposcope (njengelensi enkulu) ukuze ahlolisise ngononophelo umphezulu wesibeleko sakho kunye nelungu lobufazi.
• Ukuba kukho iindawo ezibonakala zingaqhelekanga, kuya kuthathwa isampuli enye okanye ezingaphezulu zezicubu ezincinci (ii-biopsy) apho.
• Ezi sampuli zezicubu zithunyelwa kwilabhoratri ukuze zivavanyelwe iiseli zomhlaza okanye iiseli ezingaphambi komhlaza.

Ngaba kufuneka ndenze uvavanyo lwePap ukuba ndingumntu ongatshatanga?

Ewe. Ayizizo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza wesibeleko ezibangelwa kukwabelana ngesondo. Nokuba awubandakanyeki ngokwesondo, kubalulekile ukuba wenze uvavanyo lwePap ukuba uneminyaka engama-21 ubudala nangaphezulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba i-HPV yeyona nto ibangela umhlaza wesibeleko, kwaye idluliselwa ngokwesondo. Nangona kunjalo, umhlaza wesibeleko unokwenzeka ngaphandle kwe-HPV, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha i-HPV inokudluliselwa ngokunxibelelana okungekuko ngokwesondo (kunqabile kakhulu). Ke ngoko, kungcono ukulandela iingcebiso zikagqirha wakho.

Ngaba ungavuma ukuba hayi kuvavanyo lwePap?

Ewe, unelungelo lokungavumi naluphi na uvavanyo lwezonyango. Nangona kunjalo, uphando luye lwabonisa rhoqo ukuba ukufumana uvavanyo lwePap yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukucinga kakuhle ngale nto kwaye uthethe nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba wenze isigqibo.

Kuza kwenzeka ntoni ukuba awuzange wenze uvavanyo lwePap?

Ngenxa yokuba uvavanyo lwePap yeyona ndlela iphambili yokufumanisa utshintsho kwiiseli olunokuba ngumhlaza, ukuba awukaze wenze uvavanyo lwePap, usenokuba nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kwaye ungazi. Ukuba wenza njalo, umhlaza ungakhula kwaye ubangele iingxaki ezinkulu, ezisongela ubomi. Xa umhlaza sele uqalile ukukhula, kunzima kakhulu ukunyanga. Kusoloko kungcono ukubamba esi sifo kwangethuba. Uvavanyo lwePap yindlela oogqirha abanokufumanisa ngayo umhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kwangethuba kangangoko kunokwenzeka .

Abantu abaninzi bayathandabuza okanye bayoyika ukwenza i-Pap smear. Yinto eqhelekileyo leyo. Nangona kunjalo, ibaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo yelungu lakho lobufazi kunye nomlomo wesibeleko. Ngethamsanqa, i-Pap smear ithatha ngaphantsi kwemizuzu eli-10 , kwaye ukungakhululeki kuyaphela ngokukhawuleza.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule (Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya)

Uvavanyo lwePap sisixhobo esibaluleke kakhulu ekufumaneni iiseli ezingaqhelekanga ezinokukhokelela kumhlaza womlomo wesibeleko.

• Ukuba uphakathi kweminyaka engama-21 nengama-65 ubudala, cela ugqirha wakho ukuba aqinisekise ukuba uvavanyo lwakho lwePap lwenziwa ngexesha.
• Ngokubona iiseli ezingaphambi komhlaza okanye ezinesifo somhlaza emlonyeni wesibeleko kwangethuba, wandisa kakhulu amathuba akho okuphumelela kumlo wokulwa nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko. Izifundo zibonisa ukuba ama-95% abantu abanyangwa iiseli ezingaphambi komhlaza ababi nomhlaza womlomo wesibeleko kamva.
• Iziphumo zovavanyo lwePap ezingaqhelekanga azithethi ukuba unomhlaza. Zithetha nje ukuba kufuneka uvavanyo olongezelelweyo. Musa ukoyika kwaye ulandele icebiso likagqirha wakho.

Impilo yakho isezandleni zakho. Ukungaluphosi uvavanyo olubalulekileyo olufana nolu kuya kukunceda kakhulu ukuze ube nobomi obusempilweni.

I - Pap_smear, Umhlaza_wesibeleko, Impilo_yabasetyhini, i-HPV, Iiseli_ezingaphambi komhlaza, Ukuhlolwa_kwezeMpilo, I-Gynecology