Ubuzazi ezi zinto malunga nemiphunga yakho? Masithethe!

Ngaba wakha wacinga ngendlela emangalisayo ngayo into yokuba siphefumla? Nangona siphefumla nje, kukho ibali elikhulu emva koko. Oku kungenxa yelungu elimangalisayo emzimbeni wethu. Yiyo leyo imiphunga yethu. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngomhlobo wethu obizwa ngokuba yimiphunga ? Usebenza njani, zeziphi izifo anokuzifumana, kwaye sifanele simnyamekele njani? Masithethe ngokulula.

Injani imiphunga yakho?

Ngamafutshane, imiphunga yakho zizinto ezimbini eziphambili ezikunceda uphefumle. Ziyinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yakho yokuphefumla. Inkqubo yokuphefumla yingqokelela yamalungu abandakanyekayo kwinkqubo yonke yokungenisa umoya, ukususa izinto esizidingayo kuwo, kunye nokulahla izinto esingazifuniyo.

Unemiphunga emibini, enye ikwicala lasekunene lesifuba sakho kwaye enye ikwicala lasekhohlo. Isifuba sakho yindawo ephakathi kwentamo yakho nesisu sakho. Yomibini imiphunga igqunywe sisigqubuthelo esikhuselayo esibizwa ngokuba yi-pleural tissue . Ifana nencwadi enesiciko.

Umphunga wasekunene nomphunga wasekhohlo - njengabantakwabo ababini!

Nangona la maphaphu mabini ebonakala efana kancinci, kukho umahluko omncinci.

• Umphunga wasekunene: Wahlulwe waba ziinxalenye ezintathu. Siwubiza ngokuba yinxalenye ephezulu `(Superior lobe)`, inxalenye ephakathi `(Middle lobe)`, kunye nenxalenye esezantsi `(Inferior lobe)`. Mfutshane kancinci kunemiphunga yasekhohlo, kodwa ubanzi.
• Umphunga wasekhohlo: Unee-lobes ezimbini. Ziyi-lobe ephezulu `(Superior lobe)` kunye ne-lobe esezantsi `(Inferior lobe)`. Ucinga ukuba kutheni le yasekhohlo incinci? Isizathu kukuba, kufuneka yenze indawo yentliziyo yakho. Intliziyo ikwicala lasekhohlo. Yiyo loo nto umphunga wasekhohlo une-notch encinci `(Cardiac notch)` ukuze yenze indawo yentliziyo. Kwakhona, umphunga wasekhohlo une-extension encinci phezulu ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Lingula)` , leyo umphunga wasekunene ungenayo.

Yeyiphi inkonzo esiyifumanayo kwimiphunga?

Umsebenzi ophambili wemiphunga kukubonelela imizimba yethu ngeoksijini eyifunayo nokukhupha ikharbon diokside engayidingiyo. Oku kwenzeka malunga nezihlandlo ezili-12 ukuya kwezingama-20 ngomzuzu, nokuba simi nje. Khawucinge nje, lo msebenzi awupheli nokuba silele!

Uhambo olumangalisayo lokuphefumla

Xa uphefumla ngempumlo okanye ngomlomo, umoya uqala ungene ngasemva komqala wakho, ipharynx. Emva koko udlule kwi -larynx (ibhokisi yethu yelizwi) uye kwi-trachea (umphimbo womoya).

Lo mbhobho womoya wahlulwe kabini, njengonobumba u-Y. Zibizwa ngokuba ziityhubhu eziphambili ze-bronchial. Omnye umbhobho uya kumphunga wasekhohlo, kwaye omnye uye kumphunga wasekunene. Le migudu yomoya kufuneka ihlale ivulekile, ingenakho ukudumba okanye i-mucus. Kulapho kuphela apho imiphunga isebenza ngokufanelekileyo.

Emva koko ezi ndlela ziphambili zomoya zahlukana zibe ziityhubhu ezincinci. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba yibronchi. Ezi zahlukana ngakumbi zibe ngamasebe amancinci, abizwa ngokuba yibronchioles . Ezi bronchi ziphela ngeengxowa zomoya ezincinci ezibonakala njengeeqoqo zeediliya. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba yi-alveoli .

Ioksijini ingaphakathi, ikharbon dioksayidi iphumile!

Kukwezi alveoli apho kwenzeka khona utshintsho olumangalisayo. Ioksijini esemoyeni esiwuphefumlayo ifunxwa egazini ngezi alveoli. Igazi elineoksijini eninzi emva koko liya entliziyweni, apho liphonswa khona emzimbeni wonke. Le yindlela iseli nganye efumana ngayo ioksijini.

Xa iiseli zisebenzisa le oksijini ukusebenza, ikharbon diokside iveliswa njengenkunkuma. Loo kharbon diokside iphinda ifunxwe egazini ize isiwe emiphungeni. Xa sikhupha umoya, oko kukuthi, xa siphefumla, le kharbon diokside ikhutshwa emzimbeni.

Abagcini bemiphunga

Inkqubo yethu yokuphefumla ilungile kakhulu ekuthinteleni izinto eziyingozi emzimbeni ukuba zingangeni emiphungeni.

• Iinwele zempumlo : Ezi zisebenza njengezihluzi ezicoca umoya. Zibamba amasuntswana amakhulu othuli kunye nezinambuzane, njl.njl., kanye empumlweni.
• I-Mucus: Le mucus igcina iindlela zomoya zimanzi. Ikwabamba uthuli kunye neebhaktheriya .
• I-Cilia : Ezi zifana nemitshayelo. Zinceda ekunyuseni umhluzi kwaye zincede ekuwukhupheni. Esinye sezizathu zokuba ukutshaya kube yingozi kukuba ezi cilia zilahlekelwa ngumsebenzi wazo. Oku kwandisa umngcipheko wesifo semiphunga.

Amaqiniso amangalisayo malunga nemiphunga!

Ngoku, jonga ezi nyaniso. Usenokuba awuzange uzive ezi zinto ngaphambili.

• Ungaphila ususiwe iqhekeza lomphunga wakho. Ayimangalisi loo nto? Ngamanye amaxesha ungaphila nomphunga omnye kuphela.
• Imiphunga kuphela kwesitho emzimbeni wethu esidadayo xa sibekwe emanzini!
• Xa uzilolonga, unokwandisa amandla emiphunga yakho, nto leyo ethetha ubungakanani bomoya onokuwuphefumla.
• Kukho phakathi kwezigidi ezingama-300 ukuya kuma-500 zee-alveoli emaphashini omntu omdala oqhelekileyo! Akunakwenzeka, akunjalo?

Iphi imiphunga yakho? Injani na?

Imiphunga yakho ikwindawo engaphakathi kwesifuba. Iphumla kwisihlunu esikhulu esibizwa ngokuba yi-diaphragm .

Imiphunga esempilweni idla ngokuba nombala opinki-ngwevu. Mhlawumbi ukhe wayibona imifanekiso yemiphunga yabantu abatshayayo nabangatshayiyo. Imiphunga eyonakaliswe kukutshaya inombala ongwevu omnyama, ngamanye amaxesha inamabala amnyama. Imiphunga imile okweengxantathu, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ichazwa njengeendlebe zendlovu.

Umphunga womntu omdala ulingana nekhilogram enye ngokomyinge. Umalunga nee-intshi ezili-9 ubude ngexesha lokuphefumla okuqhelekileyo, kwaye ukhula ube malunga nee-intshi ezili-10.5 ngexesha lokuphefumla nzulu.

Zeziphi izifo ezinokuchaphazela imiphunga yethu?

Ngelishwa, imiphunga yethu inokuba nezifo ezahlukeneyo. Ezinye zincinci kwaye zikhawuleza ziphile. Kodwa ezinye zinzima kwaye zihlala ixesha elide. Nazi ezinye zezifo eziqhelekileyo:

• I-Asbestosis: Ukuvaleka kwemiphunga kunye nezicubu ze-pleural ezibangelwa kukuphefumla iifayibha ze-asbestos.
• Isifuba: Ubunzima bokuphefumla ngenxa yokucutheka kweendlela zomoya.
• I-Bronchiectasis: Ukudumba kwemibhobho ye-bronchial, okubangela ukukhwehlela okubuhlungu kunye nobunzima bokuphefumla.
• I-Bronchitis: Uphawu oluphambili kukukhwehlela. Oku kungaba kukukhawulezisa, okuza ngequbuliso kuze kube ngcono, okanye kube yinto engapheliyo, ehlala ixesha elide.
• I-COPD (Isifo Esingapheliyo Sokuqanda Amaphaphu): Isifo sokuphefumla esiqhubekekayo nesingenakuphikiswa.
• I-Covid-19 `(COVID-19)`: Olu sulelo lwentsholongwane lunokubangela isifo sokuphefumla esincinci ukuya kwesikhulu.
• I-Croup: Usulelo lokuphefumla oluchaphazela abantwana abancinci abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala.
• I-Cystic Fibrosis: Isifo semfuza apho i-mucus enamathelayo netyebileyo iqokelelana khona emiphungeni nakwamanye amalungu omzimba.
• Umkhuhlane: Isifo semiphunga esibangelwa yintsholongwane.
• Umhlaza Wemiphunga: Ukutshaya yeyona nto ibangela oku.
• I-Mesothelioma: Olu luhlobo lomhlaza. Ibangelwa kakhulu kukuphefumla iifayibha ze-asbestos.
• I-Pneumonia: Usulelo lwemiphunga. Lunokubangela ulwelo luzalise imiphunga kwaye lunokufuna ukulaliswa esibhedlele.
• I-Pulmonary Fibrosis: Ubunzima bokuphefumla ngenxa yamanxeba emiphungeni. Oku akunakunyangeka.
• Amaqhuqhuva eempumlo: Amaqhuqhuva akhula emiphungeni. Uninzi lwexesha, la maqhuqhuva awangomhlaza (angabi nobungozi).
• I-RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus): Usulelo lokuphefumla olunokuchaphazela abantwana abancinci kunye nabantu abadala.
• Isifo sephepha: Oku kuchaphazela kakhulu imiphunga, kodwa kunokuchaphazela nezinye iindawo zomzimba.

Zithini iimpawu zesifo semiphunga? Uzibona njani?

Iimpawu zesifo semiphunga zingabandakanya:

• Ukuphelelwa ngamandla: Ukuziva uphelelwa ngumphefumlo nokuba usebenza kancinci.
• Intlungu yesifuba: Intlungu yesifuba xa uphefumla okanye ukhohlela.
• Ukukhwehlela: Ingakumbi ukukhwehlela okungapheliyo, ukukhwehlela okuzisa igazi eline-phlegm.
• Ukudinwa: Ukudinwa nje.
• Ukuphefumla: Isandi sokukhala esivezwa sisifuba xa siphefumla.
• Ukudumba kwamaqatha neenyawo.

Kubalulekile: Ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi mpawu, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha. Ukufunyaniswa kwangoko kulula ukunyanga.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo ukujonga ukuba imiphunga iphilile na?

Xa usiya kugqirha, uza kukuhlola aze afumanise izinto ezithile.

Indlela ugqirha akuxilonga ngayo

• Imiphunga iphulaphulwa nge-stethoscope ukujonga naziphi na izandi ezingaqhelekanga, ezifana ne-"Crackles/Rales" (izandi ezincinci eziphumayo), i-"Wheezing" (isandi esivakala kakhulu), kunye ne-"Stridor" (isandi esivakala kakhulu sokuphefumla).
• Ukuphefumla kubala ukuba uphefumla kangaphi ngomzuzu.
• Baza kumamela imiphunga yakho baze babone ukuba kukho utshintsho na kwilizwi lakho.
• I-pulse oximeter sisixhobo esincinci esincamatheliswa emnweni kwaye silinganisa inqanaba leoksijini egazini.

Ukongeza kolu vavanyo lomzimba, ugqirha angayalela ezinye iimvavanyo.

Ukuthabatha imifanekiso ukuze uyijonge ngaphakathi - Uvavanyo lokuFanekisa

Olu vavanyo luvumela ugqirha ukuba abone ukuba imeko injani ngaphakathi emiphungeni.

• I-X-reyi yesifuba
• Iskeni ye-CT `(Iskeni yeComputed Tomography)`
• I-ultrasound
• Iskeni se-MRI `(Iskeni yoMfanekiso weMagnetic Resonance)`

Uvavanyo Lokusebenza Kwemiphunga (Uvavanyo olujonga ukuba imiphunga isebenza kakuhle kangakanani)

Ezi zikwabizwa ngokuba luvavanyo lokusebenza kwamaphaphu. Zijonga ukuba imiphunga yakho ikwazi njani ukuphefumla nokugcina umoya.

• I-Spirometry
• I-Plethysmography yoMzimba
• Uvavanyo lokusasazeka
• Uvavanyo lwe-Nitric Oxide oluphumayo
• Uvavanyo lomthamo wemiphunga
• Uvavanyo lokuphefumla lweMethacholine
• Uvavanyo lokuHamba lweMizuzu emithandathu

Kusenokubakho novavanyo olwenziwe phantsi kwe-anesthesia.

Ngamanye amaxesha ikhamera ifakwa emiphungeni ukuze ijonge ngaphakathi (iBronchoscopy), kuthathwa isiqwenga sethishu sihlolwe (iLung Biopsy), okanye kwenziwe i-thoracotomy.Kusenokufuneka wenze uvavanyo/unyango olubandakanya ukuvula isifuba, olufana ne-x-ray yesifuba. Oku kudla ngokwenziwa phantsi kwe-anesthesia.

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwezifo zemiphunga?

Ukuba unesifo semiphunga, unyango lwakho luya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwesifo onaso kunye nempilo yakho ngokubanzi. Iindlela zonyango zingabandakanya amayeza, umthambo, izixhobo ezikhethekileyo, kunye notyando.

Amayeza

Ezi zinokunikwa njenge-inhaler, njengolwelo lwe-nebulizer, njengeepilisi eziselwayo, okanye njengeenaliti.

• Ii-steroids zinciphisa ukudumba kwindlela yomoya.
• Ii-antibiotics zinyanga izifo.
• Iibronchodilators zokwandisa iindlela zomoya. Ezi ziza ngeendlela ezisebenza ixesha elifutshane nezisebenza ixesha elide.
• IiMucolytics zinceda ukubhitya kwe-mucus kwaye zenze kube lula ukukhwehlela.
• Phucula amanqanaba eoksijini ngoNyango lweOksijini .
• Nyanga umhlaza nge -chemotherapy kunye/okanye unyango lwe-radiation .
• Iigonyo zokukhusela kwiintsholongwane.

Ukuzilolonga kunye nezixhobo

• Iindlela ezikhethekileyo zokuphefumla, umzekelo (iPursed Lip Breathing) kunye (iDiaphragmatic Breathing) .
• Izixhobo zokucoca umoya , ezifana neVest Therapy, zinceda ukususa i-mucus kwimibhobho yomoya.

Utyando

Kwezinye iimeko, utyando luyimfuneko.

• Ukususwa kwenxalenye yomphunga (iLobectomy) .
• Ukususwa kwee-lobes ezimbini zephaphu (i-Bilobectomy) .
• I-Thoracentesis yinkqubo yokususa ulwelo emiphungeni.
• Ukususwa ngokupheleleyo komphunga omnye (i-Pneumonectomy) .
• Ukufakelwa kweMiphunga .

Singenza ntoni ukugcina imiphunga yethu isempilweni? (Umyalezo Wokubuyela Ekhaya)

Kulungile, ngoko ke le yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo. Zininzi izinto esinokuzenza ukugcina imiphunga yethu isempilweni, okanye ukulawula isifo semiphunga ukuba sinaso.

• Into yokuqala neyona ibalulekileyo kukuyeka ukutshaya ukuba uyayeka. Kunjalo nangokusebenzisa i-vaping. Esi sesona sipho sikhulu onokusinika imiphunga yakho.
• Zama ukugcina ubunzima obusempilweni. Abantu abatyebe kakhulu abanamathuba amaninzi okuba nomhlaza wemiphunga.
• Zilolonge rhoqo. Kodwa qhagamshelana nogqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba uqalise naluphi na uhlobo lomthambo.
• Yitya ukutya okunempilo, ngobuninzi obufanelekileyo.
• Sela amanzi amaninzi (ngaphandle kokuba ugqirha wakho ukunciphisile ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi).
• Fumana imigonyo echazwe ngugqirha ngexesha.Umzekelo, ugonyo lwe-influenza, ugonyo lwe-pneumonia.
• Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo nangokucokisekileyo. Oku kunokukunceda ekukhuselekeni kwiintsholongwane.
• Hlala kude kakhulu nabantu abagulayo kangangoko unako.

Khumbula, nangona inkqubo yethu yokuphefumla ineendlela zokusikhusela, imiphunga yethu inokugula. Eminye iphola ngokukhawuleza. Kodwa eminye inzima kwaye ihlala ixesha elide. Ukuba unesifo semiphunga esihlala ixesha elide, ugqirha wakho uza kukuthumela kwingcali yemiphunga . Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukulandela imiyalelo enikwe liqela lakho lezonyango ngokuchanekileyo. Emva koko unokuphefumla ngokulula kangangoko.

Imiphunga , Inkqubo yokuphefumla, Ukuphefumla, ioksijini, Isifo seMiphunga, Imiphunga esempilweni, Imiphunga