Ngaba wakha waphawula abantu abanesikhumba esimhlophe okanye esimhlophe kakhulu kunye neenwele, ngamanye amaxesha abanamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye amdaka? Uluntu luhlala lubabiza ngamagama ahlukeneyo, kodwa ngokwezonyango, le meko yaziwa ngokuba yi -Albinism . Abaninzi bakholelwa ngempazamo ukuba sisifo, kodwa eneneni, asisosifo, kwaye asisosulelo. Ngaba singafunda ngakumbi malunga nokuba oku kuthetha ukuthini ngokwenene?
Yintoni kanye kanye i-Albinism?
Ngamafutshane, i-Albinism yimeko yemfuza ebangelwa kukuncipha okanye ukungabikho ngokupheleleyo kwemveliso ye-pigment ebizwa ngokuba yi-melanin ( i-melanin ).
Cinga nge-melanin njenge "inki" yendalo yomzimba wakho. Le pigment inika umbala kulusu lwakho, iinwele, namehlo . Abantu abane-melanin eninzi baneempawu ezimnyama, ngelixa abo bane-albinism encinci baneempawu ezikhanyayo. Kubantu abane-Albinism, ukuveliswa kwe-melanin kuncinci kakhulu, yiyo loo nto ulusu neenwele zabo zibonakala zimhlophe kangaka.
Ngaphandle kokubonelela ngombala, i-melanin idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni ngokufanelekileyo kwemithambo-luvo yamehlo akho. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, abantu abaninzi abane-Albinism banengxaki yokubona.
Okona kubaluleke kakhulu, khumbula ukuba i-Albinism ayisosifo; yimeko yemfuza eyenzeka ukususela ekuzalweni kwaye ayinakudluliselwa kwabanye.
Ingaba kulungile ukubiza umntu ngokuba 'yi-albino'?
Usenokuba ukhe weva abantu abanale meko bebizwa ngokuba “yi-albino.” Nangona kunjalo, njengeengcali zonyango, thina kunye nabantu abaninzi abanale meko sikhetha igama elithi “umntu one-albinism.” Oku kungenxa yokuba akunantlonelo ukuchaza umntu kuphela ngokwemeko yakhe yempilo. Kanye njengokuba sibiza umntu onesifo seswekile ngokuthi “umntu onesifo seswekile” endaweni yokuba sibize ilebheli, le ndlela ibonisa intlonipho kumntu lowo.
Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-Albinism?
Ewe, kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili ze-Albinism. Ukongeza, iimpawu ze-Albinism zinokubonakala njengenxalenye ye-genetic syndromes engaqhelekanga. Masizijonge ngokwahlukeneyo ezi.
| Uhlobo lwe-Albinism | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| I-Oculocutaneous Albinism (OCA) | Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo. Igama elithi “Oculo” libhekisa emehlweni, kwaye elithi “Cutaneous” libhekisa kulusu. Njengoko igama lisitsho, lichaphazela ulusu, iinwele, kunye namehlo . Kukho malunga neendidi ezisixhenxe ze-OCA, kwaye ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo, iinwele kunye nombala wolusu unokwahluka ukusuka kumhlophe ukuya kumdaka okhanyayo. |
| I-Ocular Albinism (OA) | Oku kunqabile kakhulu kune-OCA. Ngokuyintloko kuchaphazela amehlo kuphela. Akukho mpembelelo ingako kumbala wesikhumba kunye neenwele, ezinokubonakala zifana nezamalungu osapho okanye zibe mthubi kancinci. |
Ubu-albinism obunxulunyaniswa nezinye iimeko
Kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga kakhulu, i-Albinism inokuba luphawu lwe-genetic syndromes ezintsonkothileyo, oko kuthetha ukuba nezinye iinkqubo zomzimba zinokuchaphazeleka:
- I-Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS): Ukongeza kwi-albinism, oku kunokubandakanya imiba yokujiya kwegazi, okanye iingxaki zemiphunga, zezintso, okanye zamathumbu .
- I-Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS): Le meko ibandakanya i-albinism kunye nenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka, nto leyo ekhokelela kumngcipheko ophezulu wosulelo oluphindaphindayo .
Ziziphi iimpawu eziphambili?
I-albinism ichaphazela kakhulu inkangeleko yolusu lwakho, iinwele, namehlo, kunye nokubona kwakho.
Ulusu
Ulusu lomntu one-Albinism ludla ngokuba mhlophe kakhulu, nangona oku kuxhomekeke kuhlobo oluthile kunye nobungakanani be-melanin eveliswayo.
- Uhlobo 1 lwe-OCA: Ulusu lumhlophe kakhulu, ludla ngokuba mhlophe.
- Uhlobo lwe-OCA 2 kunye nolwesi-4: Ulusu lunokubonakala lumhlophe qhwa.
- Uhlobo lwe-OCA 3: Ulusu lunokuba nombala obomvu-mdaka.
Inqaku Elibalulekileyo: I-Melanin isebenza njenge -sunscreen yendalo yomzimba wakho ( i-sunscreen ) , ikukhusela kwimitha ye-UV eyingozi. Ngenxa yokuba amanqanaba e-melanin aphantsi, abantu abane-Albinism batsha lula kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, umngcipheko womhlaza wolusu uphezulu kakhulu kunomndilili.
Iinwele
Umbala weenwele uyahluka ngokwehlobo lwe-Albinism. Abanye abantu banokuba neenwele ezimhlophe ngokupheleleyo, ngelixa abanye banokuba neenwele ezimthubi, ezimthubi, ezimdaka okanye ezibomvu, konke kuxhomekeke kubungakanani be-melanin eveliswayo.
Amehlo
Umbala wamehlo ungahluka ukusuka kumbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ukuya kumbala onsundu okhanyayo. Nangona kunjalo, i-Albinism ayichaphazeli nje umbala kuphela; ichaphazela ngqo umbono:
- Ukubona okufipheleyo: Ubunzima bokubona izinto ngokucacileyo.
- Iimpazamo zokuKhangela ( Iimpazamo zokuKhangela ): Iimeko ezinje ngokubona izinto ezikufutshane okanye ukubona izinto ezikude ezifuna iilensi zokulungisa.
- I-Strabismus (amehlo anqamlezileyo): Ubunzima bokulungelelanisa amehlo omabini ngaxeshanye.
- I-Nystagmus: Ukushukuma kwamehlo okuzenzekelayo nokukhawulezileyo.
- I-Photophobia: Ukuziva ukhululekile kakhulu elangeni okanye kwizibane ezikhanyayo.
- Ukuqonda okuphantsi kobunzulu: Ubunzima bokulinganisa umgama phakathi kwezinto ngokuchanekileyo.
Kutheni oku kusenzeka? Ingaba kuzuzwe njengelifa?
Ewe, i-Albinism yimeko yemfuza kuphela , oko kuthetha ukuba ifunyanwa ngabazali kubantwana babo.
Imizimba yethu inezakhi zofuzo ezininzi ezinoxanduva lokuvelisa i-melanin. Utshintsho okanye utshintsho kwezi zakhi zofuzo ezithile zezona zinto ziphazamisana nokuveliswa kwe-melanin okuqhelekileyo.
- I-Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) ifunyanwa njengelifa ngepateni ye -'autosomal recessive' . Ngamafutshane, ukuze umntwana abe nale meko, kufuneka afumane i-gene efanelekileyo kubazali bobabini . Ukuba umntwana uyifumana njengelifa i-gene kumzali omnye kuphela, akayi kubonisa zimpawu; nangona kunjalo, uba "ngumthwali." Kwixesha elizayo, ukuba banomntwana onomnye umthwali, kukho amathuba angama-25% okuba umntwana wabo abe ne-albinism.
- I-Ocular albinism (OA) idla ngokuzuzwa njengelifa kwi- 'X-linked'ipateni. Ngenxa yokuba oku kubandakanya i-chromosome X, le meko ichaphazela kakhulu amadoda.
Ichongwa kwaye ilawulwa njani?
Uxilongo
Ugqirha wakho uhlala echonga le meko ngokusebenzisa:
- Uvavanyo lomzimba: Umbala okhanyayo wolusu, iinwele, namehlo udla ngokubonakala xa umntwana ezalwa okanye kungekudala emva koko.
- Uvavanyo Olupheleleyo Lwamehlo: Ukuvavanya iimeko ezithile zamehlo (ezifana ne-nystagmus okanye i-strabismus).
- Uvavanyo lwe-DNA: Kwezinye iimeko, uvavanyo lwe-genetic lunokwenziwa ukuqinisekisa uhlobo oluthile lwe-albinism.
Unyango kunye noLawulo
Ngenxa yokuba esi sisifo semfuza, okwangoku akukho nyango lokunyusa ukuveliswa kwe-melanin emzimbeni. Nangona kunjalo, ungaphila ubomi obusempilweni nobuqhelekileyo ngokulawula ngempumelelo imingeni enxulumene noko.
Kukho iindawo ezimbini eziphambili ekufuneka kugxilwe kuzo.
1. Ukhathalelo lolusu (Lubalulekile!)
- Ukuzikhusela Elangeni: Kuphephe ukukhanya kwelanga okuthe ngqo nokurhabaxa kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ingakumbi phakathi kwentsimbi ye-11:00 AM kunye neye-3:00 PM.
- Isikhuseli selanga: Yonke imihla, nanini na xa uphuma phandle, faka isikhuseli selanga esine-SPF engama-30 nangaphezulu esikhusela kwimitha ye-UVA kunye ne-UVB. Nxibelelana nogqirha wakho ukuze ufumane iingcebiso ezilungiselelwe wena.
- Impahla Yokuzikhusela: Ziqhelise ukunxiba impahla enemikhono emide, iminqwazi, kunye neeglasi zelanga ezikhuselwe yi-UV.
- Ukuhlolwa Kolusu Rhoqo: Jonga ulusu lwakho rhoqo ukuze ubone amabala amatsha, ii-moles, okanye utshintsho kumbala, ubungakanani, okanye imo yezinto ezikhoyo. Ukuba ubona naluphi na utshintsho, bonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko.
2. Ukhathalelo lwamehlo
- Ukuhlolwa Kwamehlo Rhoqo: Kubalulekile ukuba wonke umntu one-albinism abone ugqirha wamehlo rhoqo.
- Iilensi Zokulungisa: Nxiba iiglasi ezifanelekileyo okanye iilensi zoqhagamshelwano ukulungisa iimpazamo zokuchasana nokukhanya.
- Izixhobo Zokubona: Sebenzisa izixhobo ezifana neelensi zokukhulisa ukuze uncede ekukhanyeni okubonakalayo.
- Utyando: Kwezinye iimeko, utyando lunokwenziwa ukuze kulungiswe ukulungelelaniswa kwamehlo (i-strabismus).
Ukuba umntwana wakho une-albinism…
Kungokwemvelo ukuba abazali bazive bexhalabile okanye bexhalabile xa befumanisa ukuba umntwana wabo une-albinism. Nangona kunjalo, ngenkxaso nolwazi olufanelekileyo, ungamnika umntwana wakho ubomi obumnandi.
- Yazisa iSikolo: Xoxa ngemeko yomntwana wakho nootitshala bakhe, ingakumbi malunga nokukhubazeka kokubona. Cela indawo yokuhlala efana nezihlalo ezikwimiqolo engaphambili okanye iincwadi ezibhalwe ngamagama amakhulu.
- Yakha Ukuzithemba: Ngenxa yokuba umntwana wakho esenokubonakala eyahlukileyo, usenokujongana nokugculelwa okanye ukuxhaphazwa. Thetha naye ngokukhululekileyo kwasebuntwaneni kwaye wenze indawo ekhuselekileyo apho aziva ekhululekile ukwabelana nawe ngeemvakalelo zakhe.
- Sebenzisa i-sunscreen ngendlela eqhelekileyo: Yenza usetyenziso lwe-sunscreen lube ngumkhwa wentsapho ukuze umntwana wakho angaziva ekhethelwe.
- Ukulandelela rhoqo: Qinisekisa ukuba umntwana wakho ugcina zonke iintlanganiso zolusu nezamehlo ezicwangcisiweyo.
Ukuphila ne-albinism kunokuba nemingeni, kodwa khumbula: ayithinteli ingqondo yomntu, ubuchule bakhe, okanye amandla akhe okuphumelela. Ngolawulo olufanelekileyo kunye nendawo exhasayo, umntwana wakho unokuphila ubomi obuphumelelayo nobanelisayo njengaye nabani na.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-albinism ayisosifo okanye imeko eyosulelayo; luphawu oluzuzwa njengelifa.
- Oku kubangelwa kukuncipha kwemveliso ye-melanin.
- Ichaphazela umbala wesikhumba, iinwele kunye namehlo, kwaye inokuchaphazela nokubona.
- Ukukhusela ulusu lwakho elangeni kubalulekile. Ukusebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo izithambisi zelanga kunye neempahla zokuzikhusela kunokunciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko womhlaza wolusu.
- Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo rhoqo kuyimfuneko.
- Ngolawulo olufanelekileyo nenkxaso, abantu abane-albinism banokuphila ubomi obupheleleyo, obusempilweni, nobunemveliso.
I-Albinism, iMelanin, Iimeko zolusu, Umbono, Izifo zofuzo, Isikrini selanga, Umhlaza wolusu
