Khawuthelekelele ukuba usepatini nomhlobo wakho. Wonke umntu wonwabile, aze ngequbuliso omnye wabahlobo bakho angakwazi ukuvuka aze awe phantsi, engaqondi. Abantu abaninzi banokucinga, "Unxilile kakhulu ukuba angahlala esempilweni." Kodwa ngaba oku kuqhelekile? Okanye yinto esingacingi ngayo? Namhlanje sithetha ngale meko iyingozi abantu abaninzi abangayinakiyo, kodwa enokuba yingozi, oko kukuthi, ukutyhefwa butywala .
Yintoni kanye kanye into yokutyhefa utywala?
Ngamafutshane, ukutyhefwa kotywala kuxa umntu ngequbuliso enotywala obuninzi egazini lakhe ukuba angabuphatha. Xa oku kusenzeka, utywala buqala ukuphazamisa iindawo zengqondo zethu ezilawula iinkqubo ezibalulekileyo ebomini bethu. Cinga ngomzimba wethu njengomzi-mveliso omkhulu. Ingqondo yindawo yayo yokulawula ephambili. Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezifana nokuphefumla , ukubetha kwentliziyo , kunye nobushushu bomzimba zilawulwa ukusuka kweli gumbi lokulawula. Kwimeko yokutyhefwa kotywala, kuba ngathi amandla kweli gumbi lokulawula acinyiwe ngequbuliso. Le yimeko esongela ubomi kwaye enokuba yingozi efuna unyango olungxamisekileyo .
Le meko idla ngokubangelwa kukusela utywala obuninzi (njengebhiya, iwayini, okanye utywala) ixesha elifutshane. Nangona kunjalo, inokubangelwa nakukusela ngengozi okanye ukusela ezinye izinto eziqulethe utywala, ezifana ne-mouthwash, i-cologne, kunye nezinye iziraphu zokukhwehlela.
Zithini iimpawu zokutyhefwa butywala?
Ukuba umntu unetyhefu yotywala, unokubonisa enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu zilandelayo. Ukuba uzibona ezi mpawu , ungaze uzithathe lula.
| Uphawu | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kunye nokucotha kokuphendula | Ukungaqondi ukuba kuthethwa ntoni, kuthatha ixesha elide ukuphendula umbuzo, ukungazi ukuba ukuphi. |
| Ukungakwazi ukulawula umzimba | Andikwazi ukuhamba ngqo, andikwazi ukuhlala ndaweni nye, ndisoloko ndiwa. |
| Ubunzima bokukhumbula | Nokuba uthetha naye, akanakuvuswa, uhlala elele, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ulahlekelwa zingqondo ngokupheleleyo. |
| Ukuhlanza | Ungahlanza ungayeki. Eyona nto iyingozi kukuba ukuba uhlanza ungazi nto, uhlanzo lunokubuyela kumbhobho wakho womoya luze lubangele ukufuthaniseka. |
| Ukuphefumla okungaqhelekanga | Isantya sokuphefumla siba sicotha kakhulu (ngaphantsi kokuphefumla okusi-8 ngomzuzu) okanye indlela yokuphefumla iba yinto engaqhelekanga. |
| Ukwehla kwesantya sentliziyo | Isantya sentliziyo sinokuba phantsi kakhulu kunesiqhelo . |
| Ulusu olubandayo, oluthambileyo kunye noluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (i-cyanosis) | Umzimba uziva ubanda xa uchukunyiswa. Ulusu luthambile. Kusenokubakho umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ingakumbi ejikeleze imilebe kunye neenzipho. Oku kubonisa ukunqongophala komoya-mpilo egazini. |
| I-Hypothermia (ubushushu bomzimba obuphantsi) | Ubushushu bomzimba bunokwehla bufikelele kumanqanaba ayingozi. |
| Ukuxhuzula | Abanye abantu basenokuxhuzula, bavuza amathe, baze baxhuzule. |
| Ukungakwazi ukuzibamba (ukungakwazi ukulawula umchamo okanye isitulo) | Izinto ezinje zinokwenzeka kuba ingqondo ilahlekelwa lulawulo. |
Ukuba ubona umntu onezinye zezi mpawu, musa ukulinda de "abe ngcono kancinci." Umzuzwana ngamnye unokuba ngumlo wobomi okanye ukufa. Mse kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko.
Ndingenza ntoni xa ndicinga ukuba umntu unesifo sokutyhefa utywala?
Zimbalwa izinto onokuzenza nomele uzenze de kufike uncedo lwezonyango. Ezi zinto zinethuba elikhulu lokusindisa ubomi bomntu.
1. Funa uncedo ngoko nangoko: Fowunela i-ambulensi ngaphandle kokuthandabuza. Okanye, ukuba kunokwenzeka, qhuba uye kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngokukhawuleza.
2. Zama ukugcina umntu evukile: Ukuba kunokwenzeka, zama ukugcina umntu evukile. Thetha naye. Kodwa ungazami ukumnyanzela ukuba avuke .
3. Nika umntu amanzi (kuphela ukuba uphaphile): Nika umntu amanzi kuphela xa ephaphile kwaye ekwazi ukuginya ulwelo. Ungaze ufake nantoni na emlonyeni womntu ophaphileyo. Ukwenza njalo kunokubangela ukuba izinto zibambeke kumbhobho womoya.
4. Kuthintele ukukrwitshwa (oku kubaluleke kakhulu!): Jika umntu ongazi nto umbeke ecaleni aze alale. Njengaxa elele. Ngale ndlela, nokuba uyahlanza , ukuhlanza kuya kuphuma ngaphandle kokungena emiphungeni yakhe. Oku kubizwa ngokuba 'yindawo yokuchacha' ngokwezonyango. Le nto ilula ingasindisa ubomi.
5. Gcina umzimba ufudumele: Ubushushu bomzimba bunokwehla ngendlela eyingozi xa umntu etyhefwe butywala. Ngoko ke, mgcine efudumele ngokumsonga ngelaphu okanye ngengubo.
6. Cacisa into oyenzayo: Ekubeni engazi nto, usenokuba noloyiko kwaye abe ndlongondlongo nokuba uzama ukumnceda. Ngoko ke, cacisa ngokuzolileyo izinto ezinje, "Ndizama ukukunceda" okanye "Siya esibhedlele ngoku."
Xa iqela lezonyango lifikile, ukubaxelela iinkcukacha ozaziyo (njengokuba usele kangakanani, usele ntoni, kunye nokuba iimpawu zakho ziqale nini) kuya kunceda kakhulu kunyango.
Kutheni kukho ukutyhefwa kotywala? Kwenzeka ntoni emzimbeni?
Xa sisela utywala, bufunxwa egazini ukusuka esiswini sethu nasemathunjini amancinci. Emva koko buhamba emzimbeni wonke kunye negazi. Umzimba wethu uphatha utywala njengetyhefu. Isitho esiphambili esisusa le tyhefu sisibindi sethu.
Cinga ngesibindi sethu njengesihluzo samanzi. Xa amanzi engena ngesantya esiqhelekileyo, isihluzo siyasicoca kakuhle. Kodwa kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ngequbuliso uthulula amanzi amaninzi anodaka ngesantya esiphezulu ukusuka kumbhobho omkhulu? Isihluzo siyavaleka kwaye asinakukwazi ukusicoca. Ngokufanayo, xa sisela utywala obuninzi ngexesha elifutshane, isibindi sethu asinakukwazi ukucoca utywala obuninzi kangako. Emva koko utywala obugqithisileyo buqokelelana egazini buze buye engqondweni, apho buqala khona ukuphazamisa ukusebenza kwengqondo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yimpembelelo 'yokudakumba'. Njengoko esi siphumo sisanda, iimpawu eziyingozi zokutyhefwa kotywala ziyavela.
Isiphumo emzimbeni siyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kumxholo wotywala egazini (BAC).
| Inqanaba lotywala egazini (BAC) | Indlela umzimba ovakalelwa ngayo |
|---|---|
| 0.0% | Hlala uphilile engqondweni. |
| 0.02% | Ukutshintshatshintsha kweemvakalelo, ukuba nomsindo, kunye nokukwazi ukwenza izigqibo okunciphileyo kancinci. |
| 0.08% | Ukulawulwa kwemisipha okunciphileyo, ubunzima bokubona iingozi, ukungakwazi ukucinga ngendlela enengqondo (ngokomthetho waseSri Lanka, kukuqhuba ngaphezulu komda). |
| 0.15% | Ukutshintshatshintsha kweemvakalelo, isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza, ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi. |
| 0.15% - 0.30% | Ukudideka okukhulu, ukuhlanza, ukozela. |
| 0.30% - 0.40% | Inqanaba lomngcipheko omkhulu. Ukutyhefwa butywala, ukulahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo zingqondo. |
| Ngaphezulu kwe-0.40% | Inqanaba elibulalayo. Umngcipheko ophezulu wokuba yi-coma, ukufa ngenxa yokuma kokuphefumla. |
Ziziphi izinto ezibangela umngcipheko wokutya ityhefu yotywala?
Nangona nabani na enokuba netyhefu yotywala, kukho izinto ezithile eziyandisa umngcipheko.
- Ukusela kakhulu: Eyona ngozi inkulu kukusela utywala obuninzi ngexesha elifutshane. Umzekelo, ukusela utywala obungaphezulu kweeyunithi ezi-5 kwindoda okanye utywala obungaphezulu kweeyunithi ezi-4 kwibhinqa kwixesha elimalunga neeyure ezimbini.
- Ukusela utywala kunye nezinye iziyobisi: Kuyingozi kakhulu ukusela utywala kunye nezinto ezifana neepilisi zokulala, ii-tranquilizers, kunye nezinye iintlungu (ii-opioids). Ezi ziyobisi, ezifana notywala, zidodobalisa ukusebenza kwengqondo, ngoko ke xa uzisebenzisa kunye, iziphumo ziyaphindaphindeka kabini okanye kathathu.
- Ukusela utywala esiswini esingenanto: Utywala bungena emzimbeni ngokukhawuleza xa kungekho kutya esiswini. Xa kukho ukutya esiswini, izinga lokungena kotywala egazini liyancipha. Ke ngoko, ukusela esiswini esingenanto kwandisa umngcipheko.
- Ubudala: Ulutsha, ingakumbi ulutsha, lunamathuba amaninzi okusela kakhulu, nto leyo ebenza babe sesichengeni sokutyhefwa butywala.
- Isini: Ngokwezibalo, ipesenti ephezulu yabantu abafa ngenxa yokutyhefwa butywala ngamadoda.
Le meko ifunyaniswa njani kwaye inyangwa njani esibhedlele?
Xa beziswa esibhedlele, oogqirha baxilonga esi sifo ngokusekwe kwiimpawu nolwazi malunga nesiganeko. Ukongeza, benza iimvavanyo ezininzi ukujonga imeko yangaphakathi yomzimba.
- Uvavanyo lwenqanaba lotywala egazini (BAC).
- Uvavanyo lwegazi ukujonga amanqanaba etyuwa kunye neswekile emzimbeni.
- Uvavanyo lokusebenza kwesibindi.
- Uvavanyo lwe-EKG ukujonga ukusebenza kwentliziyo.
Izinto ezahlukeneyo zenziwa njengonyango ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yesigulana.
- I-Intravenous saline (IV fluids): I-saline inikwa ukuthintela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni nokubuyisela amanqanaba eswekile egazini ukuba aphantsi.
- Ukubonelela ngeoksijini:Ukuba kukho ubunzima bokuphefumla, ioksijini inikwa ngetyhubhu efakwe empumlweni. Ukuba ukuphefumla kunzima kakhulu, kusenokufuneka ufake ityhubhu kwi-windpipe (intubation) uze uphefumle ngoncedo lomatshini.
- Ukumpompa isisu: Isisu sicocwa ngokufaka ityhubhu ukuze kususwe ubuthi obungakhange bungene emzimbeni.
- Ukuhluzwa kwegazi: Ukuba izintso zonakele kwaye azikwazi ukususa ubuthi egazini, igazi liyacocwa ngokulidibanisa nomatshini wokucoca igazi.
Ungaze uzame ukunyanga oku ekhaya. "Amayeza asekhaya" afana nokumnika ikofu okanye ukuhlamba ngamanzi abandayo awazukunceda nganto. Anokwenza imeko ibe mandundu. Eyona nto ifanelekileyo kukumsa umntu esibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
Ziziphi ezinye iingxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa yokutyhefwa butywala?
Ukuba ayinyangwa ngokukhawuleza, ukutyhefwa butywala kunokubangela iingxaki ezinkulu nezihlala ixesha elide.
- Ukulibala okwenzekileyo (ukungafumani thuba okanye ukukhohlwa).
- Ukwehla okuyingozi kwamanqanaba eswekile egazini (hypoglycemia), okunokubangela ukuxhuzula.
- Ukonakala kwesibindi kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwesibindi.
- Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga.
- Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni okubangelwa kukuhlanza kakhulu kunye nokuxhuzula okubangelwa kuko.
- Ukonakala kwengqondo okungapheliyo.
- I-Coma okanye ukufa.
Ungayiphepha njani le meko iyingozi?
Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuphepha le meko iyingozi kukusela ngendlela efanelekileyo nangaphakathi kwemida.
- Ukuba usela utywala, yazi imida yakho: Musa ukusela utywala obungaphezulu kweyunithi enye ngeyure. Sela kancinci kancinci.
- Ziphephe iimpikiswano zokusela: Olu hlobo lweziganeko lunokubangela ukuba umntu afune ukusela kakhulu ngexesha elifutshane.
- Sela amanzi: Sela amanzi amaninzi ngelixa usela utywala. Oku kunokunceda ukuthintela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
- Musa ukuxuba utywala namayeza: Ukuba usela naluphi na unyango, qiniseka ukuba ubuza ugqirha wakho ngaphambi kokuba usele utywala.
- Musa ukusela ungenanto esiswini: Yitya isidlo esimnandi ngaphambi kokuba usele utywala.
- Qaphela into oyiselayo: Ziphephe iziselo ezixutyiweyo (ii-cocktails) ongazaziyo kwaye ongaqinisekanga ngento ekuzo.
Ukuba ukusetyenziswa kotywala kuye kwaba yingxaki...
Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo uvakalelwa kukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unengxaki yokusebenzisa utywala, ungathandabuzi ukucela uncedo. Ayilophawu lobuthathaka. Ungathetha nogqirha wakho wosapho othembekileyo ngale nto. Angakunika ulwalathiso olufanelekileyo aze, ukuba kuyimfuneko, akuthumele kwingcali.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukutyhefwa kotywala yingxaki yezonyango esongela ubomi edlula "ukusela kakhulu."
- Lumka ngeempawu ezinje ngokudideka, ukuphefumla kancinci, ukulahlekelwa zingqondo, kunye nokubanda, ulusu oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- Ukuba ubona naziphi na kwezi mpawu, musa ukulinda nje unethemba lokuba "kuza kulunga kwixesha elifutshane", kodwa mthathe umntu umse kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
- De kufike uncedo lwezonyango, ukujika isigulana sibeke emqolo kunokuthintela ukufa ekukrwitshweni.
- Musa ukuzama ukunyanga ekhaya nangasiphi na isizathu.
- Ukuphepha utywala yeyona nto ilungileyo. Ukuba usela utywala, soloko uyazi imida yakho kwaye wenze izinto ngendlela efanelekileyo.
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