Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukuxelele ukuba unesifo sezintso esinganyangekiyo (CKD), unokumangaliswa kukuziva udiniwe kakhulu, intlungu oyivayo xa unyuka izinyuko, kunye nokungabi namandla okwenza nantoni na. Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba oku kuyinxalenye yesifo sezintso. Oko kuyinyani, kodwa unobangela oyintloko wezi mpawu ezininzi kukunciphisa inani legazi emzimbeni wakho, esilibiza ngokwezonyango ngokuba yi-anemia. Yintoni edibanisa izintso nokuncipha kwegazi emzimbeni? Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale nto ngokulula, ngendlela onokuyiqonda.
Kutheni abantu abanesifo sezintso benamanani aphantsi egazi? Ezinye zezizathu eziphambili
Ngamafutshane, ioksijini ibalulekile kwiseli nganye kunye namalungu omzimba wethu ukuze siphile kwaye sisebenze kakuhle. Iiseli zethu ezibomvu zegazi zithwala le oksijini ixabisekileyo ukusuka emiphungeni ukuya emzimbeni wonke. Iproteni engaphakathi kwezi seli ezibomvu zegazi ebizwa ngokuba yihemoglobin yiyo ebopha ioksijini.
Khawucinge nje, ezi zithuthi zibizwa ngokuba ziiseli zegazi ezibomvu ziyaguga kwaye zitshatyalaliswe emva kwexesha elithile. Ke ngoko, umzimba wethu uhlala usenza iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezintsha ukuhlawula le ngxaki. Umzi-mveliso owenza ezi seli zibomvu yi-bone marrow yethu. Nangona kunjalo, umyalelo "wokuqala ukwenza iiseli zegazi ezibomvu ngoku" unikwa lo mzi-mveliso obizwa ngokuba yi-bone marrow zizintso zethu. Xa zonakele ngenxa yesifo sezintso, le nkqubo yonke iyaphazama. Kwenzeka ngeendlela ezintathu eziphambili.
| Unobangela wokulahleka kwegazi | Ngamafutshane nje... |
|---|---|
| Ukuncipha kwe-EPO hormone | Izintso azisavelisi 'umqondiso' oxelela umongo ukuba wenze iiseli zegazi ezibomvu. |
| Ubomi obufutshane beeseli ezibomvu zegazi | Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi eziveliswa emzimbeni zifa ngokukhawuleza kunesiqhelo. |
| Ukunqongophala kwezondlo | Umzimba awunazo izondlo ezifunekayo ukwenza iiseli ezibomvu zegazi (i-iron, i-vitamin B12, i-folate). |
Isizathu 1: Ukulahleka 'kweSignali' yokwenza iiseli ezibomvu zegazi
Iiseli ezikhethekileyo kwizintso zethu zihlala zijonga amanqanaba eoksijini egazini lethu. Xa inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi egazini lethu lincipha kwaye amanqanaba eoksijini ehla, ezi seli ziyakuva oku kwaye zikhuphe ihomoni ebizwa ngokuba yi-erythropoietin (EPO) egazini. Le homoni ye-EPO iya kumongo wethambo ize iyixelele, "Kulungile, masiqale ukusebenza, senze iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezingaphezulu."
Xa unesifo sezintso esinganyangekiyo (CKD), izintso zakho ziyawohloka kancinci kancinci. Ngenxa yalo monakalo, izintso zakho azikwazi ukubona amanqanaba aphantsi eoksijini kwaye zenze ihomoni i-EPO. Xa i-EPO iphelile, umongo awuwuqondi umyalezo. Ngoko ke ukuveliswa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi kuyehla kakhulu. Xa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezintsha zingenakuveliswa ukuze zihambelane nenani labantu abafayo, umzimba uyasilela kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi, okanye i-anemia.
Isizathu sesi-2: Ubomi obufutshane beeseli ezibomvu zegazi
Ngokwesiqhelo, iseli ebomvu yegazi kumntu ophilileyo iphila malunga neentsuku ezili-120 . Emva koko, iyatshatyalaliswa ize ithatyathelwe indawo yentsha.
Kodwa ngenxa yetyhefu ethile eqokelelana egazini lomntu onesifo sezintso, ezi seli zibomvu azinandawo ifanelekileyo yokuhlala kuyo. Ngenxa yoko, ubomi bazo buncitshiswa bube malunga neentsuku ezingama-70-80 . Oko kuthetha ukuba, endaweni yokulinda ukuba kuveliswe iiseli ezibomvu ezintsha, ezindala ziyafa ngaphambi kwexesha. Esi sesinye isizathu esongeza i-anemia.
Isizathu sesi-3: Ukunqongophala kwe-iron kunye nezondlo
I-iron yeyona nto ibalulekileyo efunekayo ukwenza isithuthi esibizwa ngokuba ziiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Ngaphandle kwe-iron, i-hemoglobin ayinakwenziwa. Ngaphandle kwe-hemoglobin, i-oksijini ayinakuthwalwa.
Sifumana i-iron ekutyeni okufana nemifuno eluhlaza enamagqabi afana nee-peas, ispinatshi, kunye neenkozo zesidlo sakusasa eziqinisiweyo. Kodwa malunga nesiqingatha sabantu abanesifo sezintso esibi banesifo se-iron esincinci. Kunokubakho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zoku.
- Ukungafumani ngokwaneleyo i-iron ekutyeni: Abantu abanesifo sezintso ngamanye amaxesha banokunyanzeleka ukuba batye kancinci, nto leyo enokubangela ukunqongophala kokutya okutyebileyo kwi-iron.
- Ukufunxwa kwesinyithi okunciphileyo: Isifo sezintso sinokunciphisa amandla amathumbu okufunxwa kwesinyithi.
- Ukulahleka kwegazi: Uvavanyo lwegazi oluqhubekayo lubangela ukuba umzimba ulahlekelwe ligazi kancinci kancinci. Kwakhona, ukuba umntu uphoswa yi-dialysis , umzimba ulahlekelwa ligazi kunye ne-iron ngexesha laloo nkqubo.
Ukongeza kwi-iron, izondlo ezifana ne -vitamin B12 kunye ne-folate (Folate/Vitamin B9) nazo zibalulekile ekwakhiweni kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi ngokufanelekileyo. Abanye abaguli bezintso nabo abanazo ezi zondlo.
Ezinye izinto ezichaphazela i-anemia
Ukongeza kwezi zizathu ziphambili, kukho nezinye izinto ezininzi ezinokuchaphazela i-anemia yesigulana sezintso.
- Usulelo oluqhelekileyo
- Ukudumba okungapheliyo emzimbeni: Oku kubangela ukuba umzimba ukhuphe iikhemikhali ezibizwa ngokuba zii-cytokines, ezinciphisa ukusebenza komongo wethambo.
- Ukungondleki kakuhle
Ukuba une-anemia ngenxa yesifo sezintso, kusenokwenzeka ukuba kungenxa yesinye okanye indibaniselwano yezi zinto. Ngoko ke, kungcono ukuba ungoyiki uze uthethe nogqirha wakho ukuze ufumane unobangela ochanekileyo.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu ye-anemia?
Ayingabo bonke abantu abanesifo sezintso abaya kuba ne-anemia efanayo, kodwa abanye abantu basengozini enkulu.
- Ukuba ungumfazi
- Ukuba unesifo seswekile
- Ukuba ukusebenza kwezintso zakho kunciphile kakhulu okanye akusebenzanga kakuhle
Ukuba uneempawu ze-anemia (ukudinwa, ubuthathaka, ulusu olukhanyayo, isiyezi), ugqirha wakho unokuyalela ukubala igazi elipheleleyo kunye novavanyo ukujonga amanqanaba akho e-iron. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba loluphi unyango olufunekayo. Kukho unyango loku, olufana neepilisi ze-iron kunye nokujova i-hormone EPO.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Kukho unxibelelwano olusondeleyo phakathi kwesifo sezintso esingapheliyo (CKD) kunye ne-anemia, enokuba sisizathu esiphambili sokudinwa okuvayo.
- Isizathu esiphambili kukuba izintso ezonakeleyo zinciphisa ukuveliswa kwehomoni i-EPO, ebanika imiqondiso yokwenza iiseli ezibomvu zegazi.
- Ukongeza, ukutshatyalaliswa ngokukhawuleza kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi kunye nokunqongophala kwezondlo ezifana ne-iron kunye ne-vitamin B12 nako kunokubangela i-anemia.
- Ukuba uneempawu ze-anemia okanye ukrokrela ukuba unokuba nazo, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho. Kukho unyango olusebenzayo kakhulu lokunyanga le ngxaki.
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