Masifunde nge-Angiotensin, elawula uxinzelelo lwegazi lwakho.

Ngaba wakha waba neengxaki ngengcinezelo yakho yegazi? Mhlawumbi ugqirha ukhe wakhankanya igama elifana ne-Angiotensin xa ethetha ngengcinezelo yakho yegazi. Yintoni kanye kanye le angiotensin? Ibaluleke kangakanani emizimbeni yethu? Makhe sithethe ngayo namhlanje.

Yintoni kanye kanye i-Angiotensin?

Ngamafutshane, i-angiotensin yi -hormone emizimbeni yethu. Ii-hormone zifana nezithunywa ezijikeleza imizimba yethu. Zihamba egazini zize zixelele amalungu ahlukeneyo, izihlunu, kunye nezicubu into ekufuneka zenziwe kunye nexesha ekufuneka zenziwe ngalo. Ngoko ke le hormone ebizwa ngokuba yi-angiotensin ilawula uxinzelelo lwethu lwegazi kwaye ilawula ubungakanani bamanzi kunye netyuwa (ingakumbi i-sodium) emizimbeni yethu. Ikwenza oku ngokunciphisa okanye ukunciphisa imithambo yegazi kwaye incede umzimba ukuba ufunxe amanzi kunye netyuwa.

Kukho iintlobo ezine ezahlukeneyo ze-angiotensin. Zibizwa ngamanani amaRoma: i-Angiotensin I, II, III, IV. Kwezi , i-Angiotensin II yeyona hormone iphambili neyona isebenzayo. Ifana nekapteni yeqela. Ukuba ubungakanani bale angiotensin emizimbeni yethu buyancipha okanye buyanda, bunokuchaphazela impilo yethu. Ke ngoko, ibhalansi yoku ibaluleke kakhulu.

Ngamanye amaxesha oogqirha banika abantu abadala i-angiotensin II eyenziwe ngokwenziwa, enikwa ngemithambo yegazi (IV), ukubuyisela uxinzelelo lwegazi kwisimo esiqhelekileyo, ingakumbi kwiimeko ezinzima ezifana nokuhlaselwa yi-septic shock, apho uxinzelelo lwegazi luye lwehla kakhulu.

Yintoni eyenziwa yi-Angiotensin II emzimbeni?

I-Angiotensin II yi-hormone esebenzayo kakhulu. Ihamba kwiindawo ezininzi emizimbeni yethu kwaye yenza izinto ezininzi. Kodwa iziphumo zayo eziphambili kukunyusa umthamo wegazi, ukunyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye nokunyusa amanqanaba esodium (ityuwa). Oku kwenzeka ngolu hlobo:

• Iindlala zakho ze-adrenal ziyakhuthazwa ukuba zikhuphe enye i-hormone ebizwa ngokuba yi -aldosterone . Le aldosterone ibangela ukuba umzimba ugcine i-sodium, kodwa i-potassium ikhutshwa kumchamo.
• Iyandisa uxinzelelo lwegazi ngokunciphisa udonga lwemithambo emincinci (ii-arterioles). Cinga ngayo njengokucinezela umbhobho wamanzi nokwenza amanzi ahambe ngokukhawuleza.
• Ichaphazela i-hypothalamus engqondweni yakho, ikwenze unxanwe. Emva koko usela amanzi.
• Ikwathetha ne-hypothalamus, ikwenza ufune ityuwa.
• I-pituitary gland inceda ekukhupheni i-antidiuretic hormone (ADH), eyaziwa ngokuba yi-vasopressin . Le ADH ibangela ukuba izintso ziphinde zifunxe amanzi amaninzi emzimbeni, nto leyo enyusa ubungakanani bamanzi emzimbeni.

Ngamafutshane, i-angiotensin II ngumdlali obalulekileyo ekwandiseni uxinzelelo lwegazi nasekunyuseni ubungakanani betyuwa namanzi emzimbeni.

Zilawulwa njani ezi nqanaba ze-angiotensin?

Le yinkqubo enzima kakhulu, njengoluhlu lweendlela ezidibeneyo. Ibizwa ngokuba yiRenin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) . Le yinkqubo ephambili enceda ekulawuleni uxinzelelo lwethu lwegazi.

Khawucinge, le yindlela eqala ngayo:

1. Okokuqala, xa uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi lusehla , izintso zakho zikhupha i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuba yi-renin egazini lakho. Ii-enzyme zizinto ezikhawulezisa ukusabela kweekhemikhali.

2. Le renin iqhekeza iproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-angiotensinogen , eyenziwa esibindini. Emva koko kukhutshwa iqhekeza layo, eliyi-hormone ebizwa ngokuba yi -angiotensin I. Kodwa le angiotensin I ayisebenzi, oko kuthetha ukuba ayinakuba nefuthe elikhulu ngokwayo.

3. Emva koko, njengoko le angiotensin I ijikeleza egazini, iyaqhekeka yenye i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuba yi -Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) emiphungeni nasezintsoni. Kulapho ke i-angiotensin II esebenzayo idalwa khona.

Ngoku le angiotensin II entsha iyasebenza:

• Iyanciphisa udonga lwemithambo emincinci (ii-arterioles) kwaye yonyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi.
• Kwakhona, ii-adrenal glands zixelelwa ukuba zikhuphe i-aldosterone, kwaye i-pituitary gland ixelelwa ukuba ikhuphe i-ADH (vasopressin).

Le aldosterone kunye ne-ADH zidibene zinyanzela izintso ukuba zigcine i-sodium (ityuwa) emzimbeni. I-Aldosterone ibangela ukuba i-potassium ikhutshwe kumchamo. Xa amanqanaba e-sodium egazini enyuka, umzimba nawo ugcina amanzi. Oku kwandisa umthamo wegazi kunye noxinzelelo lwegazi. Kulapho inkqubo ye-renin-angiotensin-aldosterone igqityiwe khona. Ngaba uyayiqonda le mjikelo?

Inkqubo ye-RAAS ingasetyenziswa nangamanye amahomoni, anjengee -corticosteroids, i-estrogen, kunye neehomoni ze-thyroid . Ukuba kukho ingxaki nangayiphi na inxalenye yale nkqubo, inokuchaphazela uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi, amanqanaba esodium, kunye ne-potassium. Kodwa kukho ezinye izinto ezininzi ezinokuchaphazela uxinzelelo lwegazi, ezifana ne-cholesterol ephezulu, i-genetics, kunye namayeza athile.

Kuthekani ukuba amanqanaba e-angiotensin ehla?

Ukuba amanqanaba e-angiotensin II aphantsi kunesiqhelo (akwabizwa ngokuba yi-angiotensin deficiency ), ezi ngxaki zilandelayo zinokwenzeka:

• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi) .
• Amanqanaba aphezulu e-potassium (hyperkalemia) .
• Ukwehla kwamanqanaba e-sodium (hyponatremia) .
• Ukuphuma kolwelo (amanzi) ngokugqithisileyo ngomchamo.

Zithini iimpawu zoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi?

Usenokuziva izinto ezinje:

• Ukuba nesiyezi, ukuba nentloko ekhaphukhaphu, mhlawumbi nokuquleka.
• Umbono ofipheleyo.
• Isicaphucaphu.
• Umsebenzi onzima.

Iimpawu ze-potassium ephezulu (i-Hyperkalemia)

Ukuba amanqanaba e-potassium emzimbeni ayanda, ezi zinto zilandelayo zinokwenzeka:

• Intlungu yesisu kunye norhudo.
• Iintlungu zesifuba.
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga okanye okukhawulezayo (i-arrhythmia).
• Ubuthathaka bemisipha okanye ukungakhululeki kwamalungu omzimba.
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza.

Iimpawu zesodium ephantsi (Hyponatremia)

Ukuba amanqanaba esodium emzimbeni ayancipha, iimpawu ezifana nezi:

• Intlungu okanye ubuthathaka bemisipha.
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza.
• Ukudinwa, ukungabikho kwamandla.
• Intloko ebuhlungu kunye nokudideka.
• Ukuxhuzula okubangelwa kukuxhuzula.

Ukuba uneempawu ezinje, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uthethe nogqirha.

Kuthekani ukuba amanqanaba e-angiotensin ayanda?

Ngoku makhe sijonge ukuba kwenzeka ntoni xa amanqanaba e-angiotensin II ephezulu kunesiqhelo. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, umzimba ugcina ulwelo olungafunekiyo (amanzi) kwaye uxinzelelo lwegazi luyanda (uxinzelelo lwegazi). Le meko idla ngokubonwa kubantu abanesifo sentliziyo . Izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba ukuba ne-angiotensin eninzi kukwanegalelo ekwandiseni intliziyo.

Ngethamsanqa, oogqirha banokunika amayeza okunyanga abantu abanezinga eliphezulu le-angiotensin II. Ezona zixhaphakileyo zezi zi -ACE inhibitors (ezifana ne-enalapril) kunye ne-angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) (ezifana ne-losartan) . Nangona kunjalo, njengamayeza amaninzi, la mayeza anokuba nemiphumo emibi. Ngokukodwa, anokubangela amanqanaba aphezulu e-potassium emzimbeni (hyperkalemia). Kubalulekile ukuthatha amayeza akho kanye njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuxelela kwaye uhlolwe rhoqo.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Ngoko ke, ngoku uyaqonda ukuba le hormone ebizwa ngokuba yi-angiotensin ibaluleke kangakanani ekulawuleni uxinzelelo lwegazi. Kufana nokulinganisela okubuthathaka, ingxaki encinci kakhulu, ingxaki eninzi kakhulu.

Kubalulekile ukugcina uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi lukwinqanaba elifanelekileyo. Kwakhona, ukuba unengxaki yokulawula uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi ngenxa yotshintsho kumanqanaba akho etyuwa (i-sodium), licebo elihle ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga namanqanaba akho e-angiotensin. Emva koko banokwenza uvavanyo ukuze babone ukuba iimpawu zakho zibangelwa kukungalingani kwamahomoni.

Khumbula, ungaze uyeke okanye uqale amayeza ngaphandle kokubuza ugqirha.Yenza yonke into ngokweengcebiso zonyango. Emva koko ungahlala usempilweni.

I- Angiotensin, uxinzelelo lwegazi, i-hormone, i-renin, i-aldosterone, ii-ACE inhibitors, uxinzelelo lwegazi, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi