Ngaba nawe ukhathazekile nge-appendix yakho? Masithethe ngalo mhlaza ungaqhelekanga (i-Appendix Cancer)!

Xa usiva igama elithi umhlaza we-appendix, mhlawumbi uyoyika kancinci, akunjalo? Enyanisweni yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuba uyazi kancinci ngayo. Makhe sijonge ukuba yintoni umhlaza we-appendix, indlela okhula ngayo, zithini iimpawu, kwaye zithini iindlela zonyango.

Ngamafutshane, umhlaza we-appendix kuxa iiseli ezikwi-appendix yakho zitshintshatshintsha zize ziqale ukukhula ngokukhawuleza nangokungalawulekiyo. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza we-appendiceal .

Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba yintoni i-appendix. Yinxalenye yenkqubo yakho yokugaya ukutya . Ukuchaneka, sisingxobo esincinci, esifana netyhubhu kwicala lasekunene lesisu sakho, kufutshane nalapho amathumbu amancinci kunye namathumbu amakhulu adibana khona. Izazinzulu azikaqiniseki ncam ukuba i-appendix yenza ntoni. Abanye bacinga ukuba iyanceda inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela . Abanye bathi sisitho nje esingasebenzi kakuhle esingasasincedi kakuhle.

Ziziphi iintlobo zomhlaza we-appendix?

Kulungile, ngoku makhe sijonge iintlobo zomhlaza ezinokuvela kwi-appendix. Enyanisweni, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeethumba ezinokuvela kwi-appendix, zombini ezingalunganga nezimbi . Ezi thumba zomhlaza zezona ziyingozi kuba zinokukhula kwaye zisasazeke emzimbeni wonke. Oogqirha bahlula ezi mhlaza ze-appendix ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lweeseli apho umhlaza uqala khona. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili:

• I-Appendiceal adenocarcinoma
• Iithumba ze-neuroendocrine

I-Appendiceal Adenocarcinoma (ii-Epithelial Tumors)

Uninzi lwemihlaza ye-appendix luhlobo lwe- adenocarcinoma . Ezi ziqala kwizicubu ze-glandular ezigubungela amalungu ethu omzimba. Kukho ezinye iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zolu hlobo:

• I-Mucinous adenocarcinoma: Olu hlobo luqala kumaleko angaphakathi kwi-appendix. Zikhupha into etyebileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-mucin , efumaneka kwi-mucus. Nangona ezi tumors zinokusasazeka, zihlala zingasasazeki ngaphaya kwesisu.
• I-adenocarcinoma yohlobo lwekholoni (engeyiyo i-mucinous): Ezi thumba zikhula kufutshane nesiphelo esisezantsi se-appendix. Ziziphatha njengomhlaza wamathumbu amakhulu, kwaye iimpawu ziyafana kakhulu.
• I-adenocarcinoma yeseli yeringi yesiginesha:Oku kunqabile kakhulu, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kunokuvela kwi-appendix. Ezi seli zomhlaza zikhupha kwaye zigcine inani elikhulu le-mucin. Zifumana igama lazo kuba xa zijongwa nge-microscope, ezi seli zifana neeringi.
• I-Goblet cell adenocarcinoma: Olu luhlobo olungaqhelekanga kakhulu lwe-adenocarcinoma. Ikwanazo nezinye iimpawu zee-neuroendocrine tumors.

Ii-Appendiceal Neuroendocrine Tumors (ii-Carcinoid Tumors)

Ii-neuroendocrine tumors zikhula kuhlobo oluthile lweeseli ezibizwa ngokuba zii-neuroendocrine cells . Ezi seli zifumana imiqondiso evela kwinkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo kwaye zikhuphe ii-hormones. Uninzi lwexesha, ezi ntlobo zee-tumors zikhula kancinci kakhulu .

Uxhaphake kangakanani umhlaza we-appendix?

Enyanisweni, umhlaza we-appendix sisifo esingaqhelekanga kakhulu . Umzekelo, eMelika, esi sifo sivela kumntu omnye okanye ababini kuphela kwisigidi ngonyaka. Oko kungaphantsi kakhulu kwe-1% yabemi.

Zithini iimpawu zomhlaza we-appendix?

Ngamanye amaxesha, unokuba nomhlaza we-appendix ngaphandle kweempawu. Okanye, usenokungaziboni iimpawu de ithumba lisasazeke. Ezi mpawu zinokwahluka kumntu nomntu. Jonga ukuba unayo na kwezi:

• I-Appendicitis (oko kuthetha ukudumba okanye usulelo lwe-appendix)
• Ukudumba , ukuziva ugcwele esiswini
• Ii-Ascites
• Ukujikeleza kwesinqe okwandisiweyo
• Intlungu esiswini okanye esinqeni
• Utshintsho ekusebenzeni kwamathumbu (ingakumbi isifo sohudo )
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza
• Ukuziva uhluthi kwangoko xa uqala ukutya ( Ukuhlutha kwangoko )

Ngamanye amaxesha, umhlaza we-appendix unokuhamba nemeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu ebizwa ngokuba yi -Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) . Kwi-PMP, iiseli zomhlaza zikhupha into efana nejeli ebizwa ngokuba yi-mucin, enokubangela ukuba i-appendix idumbe. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, iimpawu ezifana nokudumba kunye nentlungu yesisu zinokubakho.

Yintoni ebangela umhlaza we-appendix?

Umhlaza we-appendix uqala xa iiseli ezikwi-appendix zitshintshatshintsha kwaye ziqala ukukhula ngokungalawulekiyo. Nangona kunjalo, iingcali azikaqiniseki ukuba yintoni ebangela le nkqubo.

Izinto ezinobungozi

Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezithile ezinokunyusa umngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza we-appendix. Ezi ziquka:

• Ubudala:Nangona umhlaza we-appendix unokubakho nakweyiphi na iminyaka, uxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-40 ukuya kwengama-60. Esi sifo sidla ngokufunyaniswa kubantu abakwiminyaka engama-50.
• Isini: Abafazi banamathuba amaninzi okufumana iithumba ze-neuroendocrine ze-appendix.
• Ukutshaya okanye ukusebenzisa iimveliso zecuba: Ukusebenzisa icuba kwandisa umngcipheko wokufumana zonke iintlobo zomhlaza, kuquka nomhlaza we-appendix.
• Imbali yezonyango: Ezinye iimeko zempilo, ezifana ne -atrophic gastritis , i-pernicious anemia, kunye ne -Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, zinokunyusa umngcipheko womhlaza we-appendix.
• Imbali yosapho yomhlaza: Uphononongo lwakutshanje lubonisa ukuba abanye abantu abanomhlaza we-appendix banokuzuza ii-genes ezonyusa umngcipheko wabo womhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, uphando oluthe kratya luyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba oku kukufuzwa ngelifa.

Ufunyaniswa njani umhlaza we-appendix?

Amaxesha amaninzi, abantu abanomhlaza we-appendix baya kugqirha beneempawu ze-appendicitis. Ukuxilongwa kudla ngokwenziwa emva kokususwa kwe-appendix ngotyando . Ngamanye amaxesha, la mathumba afunyanwa ngengozi ngexesha lovavanyo lwenye imeko okanye ngexesha lotyando.

Ukuba ugqirha wakho urhanela ukuba unomhlaza we-appendix, uya kuyalela ezinye iimvavanyo ezininzi. Ezi zingabandakanya:

• Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso: Ugqirha wakho unokuyalela i -CT scan okanye i -MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) . Olu vavanyo luthatha imifanekiso yezicubu ezingaphakathi emzimbeni wakho. Zinokubonisa iimpawu zeethumba kunye nokuba umhlaza usasazekile na. Xa umhlaza we-appendix usasazeka, unokusasazeka kwizitho zesisu ezikufutshane okanye kwizicubu ezizigqumayo ( peritoneum ).
• I-Laparoscopy: Kule nkqubo, ugqirha ufaka isixhobo eside, esincinci esibizwa ngokuba yi-laparoscope ngesikhewu esincinci esiswini sakho. Ikhamera encinci kuyo ithatha imifanekiso ye-appendix ize iyibonise kwiscreen.
• I-Biopsy: Kule nkqubo, ugqirha uthatha isampuli yethishu aze ayithumele kwilebhu ye-pathology ukuze ajonge iiseli zomhlaza. Kunzima kancinci ukuthatha i-biopsy kwi-appendix. Ke ngoko, ukuba umhlaza usenokuba usasazeke kwenye indawo, ugqirha uza kuthatha isampuli kuloo ndawo.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi:Ukuba iziphumo zakho ze-biopsy zingqina ukuba unomhlaza we-appendix, ugqirha wakho uya kuyalela iimvavanyo zelebhu ukujonga amanqanaba eeproteni zakho. Amanqanaba eeproteni ezithile anokunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani.

Amanqanaba omhlaza we-appendix

Ukwazi inqanaba lomhlaza kunceda oogqirha baqonde ukuba umhlaza unzima kangakanani, ukuba loluphi ucwangciso lonyango olufanelekileyo, kunye neziphumo zonyango eziya kuba zeziphi.

Oogqirha basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokulinganisa inqanaba lomhlaza ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaza:

• Ii-adenocarcinomas ze-Appendiceal: Oogqirha basebenzisa inkqubo ye-TNM staging ukuze bahlele ii-adenocarcinomas ze-appendiceal. Le nkqubo iqwalasela ubungakanani bethumba (T), nokuba umhlaza usasazeke kwi-lymph nodes (N), nokuba usasazeke nakwizitho ezikude (M). Umhlaza osasazeke ngale ndlela ubizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza we-metastatic . Zonke ezi zinto zithathwa kunye kwaye inqanaba ukusuka kwelinye ukuya kwelesine liyabekwa. Inqanaba lokuqala ngumhlaza wenqanaba lokuqala, kwaye inqanaba lesine ngumhlaza oqhubekileyo.
• Ii-Appendiceal neuroendocrine tumors: Inqanaba lale thumba limiselwa kukuba zingasuswa ngokupheleleyo na ngotyando. Bakwajonga nenqanaba lethumba (indlela ezibonakala zingaqhelekanga ngayo iiseli phantsi kwe-microscope). Ukuba unethumba elikumgangatho ophantsi (oko kuthetha ukuba zimbalwa iiseli ezingaqhelekanga) kwaye ugqirha angayisusa ngotyando, ingqikelelo yakho ilungile.

Enyanisweni, ukufumanisa inqanaba lomhlaza we-appendix kunzima kancinci kuba kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zeethumba. Uhlobo ngalunye luneempawu zalo, ezichaza iindlela zonyango lwakho kunye noqikelelo lwesifo.

Kodwa ungoyiki. Cela ugqirha wakho akuchazele indlela uhlobo lomhlaza wakho kunye nenqanaba lawo eliza kukuchaphazela ngayo.

Unyangwa njani umhlaza we-appendix?

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango lomhlaza we-appendix. Ezona ziphambili lutyando kunye nonyango ngamayeza. Ugqirha wakho uza kuqwalasela izinto ezininzi ngaphambi kokuba acwangcise unyango lwakho. Ezi ziquka ubungakanani kunye nenqanaba lesimila, impilo yakho iyonke, kunye nezinto ozikhethayo.

Utyando

Unyango oluphambili lomhlaza we-appendix lutyando . Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zotyando:

• Ukususwa kwe-Appendectomy: Kwii-tumor ezincinci kune-1 okanye iisentimitha ezi-2 (ngaphantsi kwe-intshi enye), ukususa i-appendix kuphela kunokwanela.
• Ukususwa kwe-Hemicolectomy: Kwizimila ezinkulu nezinzima ngakumbi, ukususwa kwe-hemicolectomy yindlela yokususwa kwe-hemicolectomy.Kusenokufuneka utyando olongezelelweyo, olufana ne-laparotomy. Kule nkqubo, ukongeza ekususweni kwe-appendix, inxalenye yekholoni kunye nee-lymph nodes ezininzi ziyasuswa.
• Utyando lokususa i-cytostatics (ukususa i-bulking): Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke esiswini sonke, kunokufuneka utyando olubanzi ngakumbi. Kule meko, ugqirha wotyando ususa uninzi lwe-tumor kangangoko kunokwenzeka, olunokubandakanya ukususa iindawo zamalungu apho umhlaza usasazeke khona.

Unyango ngamayeza

Ukuba utyando alukwazi ukususa umhlaza ngokupheleleyo, ungadinga unyango ngamayeza. Oku kungabandakanya:

• Unyango lweKhemotherapy: Olu nyango lusetyenziselwa ukubulala iiseli zomhlaza ezisasazeke ngaphaya kwe-appendix. Lukwabulala naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza ezinokuthi zishiyeke emva kotyando. Eli yeza linokunikelwa njengenaliti okanye njengepilisi.
• I-Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC): I-HIPEC luhlobo olukhethekileyo lonyango lwe-chemotherapy. Ihlala yenziwa ngexesha lotyando. Ibandakanya ukufudumeza amayeza e-chemotherapy nokuwajikelezisa ngaphakathi kwesisu. Olu bushushu kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kwamayeza kwenza i-chemotherapy ibe namandla kwaye isebenze ngakumbi.
• Unyango olujoliswe kumayeza: Injongo yolu nyango kukujonga kuphela iiseli zomhlaza ngelixa kunciphisa umonakalo kwiiseli eziphilileyo. Amayeza akhethekileyo asetyenziselwa ukujonga iijini ezithile okanye iiproteni ezinceda ukukhula komhlaza. Amayeza anjenge -cetuximab , i-bevacizumab , i-ramucirumab, kunye ne -panitumumab asetyenziswa kolu hlobo lonyango lomhlaza we-appendix.

Yintoni onokuyilindela ukuba unomhlaza we-appendix?

Amava akho aya kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka uhlobo, ubungakanani, kunye nomgangatho wesi sifo. Impilo yakho iyonke kunye nendlela osabela ngayo kunyango nazo zibalulekile.

Ezinye iintlobo zomhlaza we-appendix zinokunyangwa ngokupheleleyo . Umzekelo, ii-tumor ze-appendiceal neuroendocrine ezikumgangatho ophantsi zihlala zinyangwa ngotyando. Ngokubanzi, okukhona i-tumor incinci, kokukhona kunokwenzeka ukuba umhlaza unyangwe ngokupheleleyo ngonyango. Ii-tumor ezinkulu zisasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwaye zisenokungaphenduli kakuhle kunyango.

Ugqirha wakho angakukhokela kwinto omawuyilindele ngokusekelwe kwisifo sakho.

Ingakanani izinga lokusinda kumhlaza we-appendix?

Izinga lokusinda iminyaka emihlanu kumhlaza we-appendix ophantsi liphakathi kwama-67% nama-97%. Oku kuthetha ukuba phakathi kwama-67% nama-97% abantu abanesifo basaphila emva kweminyaka emihlanu. Eli zinga lokusinda linokuba liphantsi kakhulu kwiithumba eziphucukileyo okanye kumhlaza we-appendix ofunyaniswa kamva.

Khumbula, amazinga okusinda awaqikeleli ukuba uza kusabela njani kunyango okanye ixesha oza kuphila ngalo. La manani abonisa amava abantu ababenomhlaza we-appendix ngaphambili. Ngenxa yokuba umhlaza we-appendix unqabile, ulwazi malunga nobude bobomi lusenokungachaneki. Ukuba unemibuzo malunga namazinga okusinda, thetha nogqirha wakho.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuba ufumana iimpawu zomhlaza we-appendix, ezifana ne-appendicitis, ukudumba, okanye iintlungu zesisu , bona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko .

Ukuba ufunyaniswe ukuba unomhlaza we-appendix, thetha nogqirha wakho ukuba iimpawu zakho ziyatshintsha okanye ziya zisiba mandundu. Mxelele ngazo naziphi na iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga onazo ngenxa yonyango lwakho. Angacebisa iindlela zokukunceda ujongane neempawu zakho. Angakuthumela nakwiinkonzo zokhathalelo lwe-palliative . Iingcali zokhathalelo lwe-palliative zinceda abantu abanezifo ezahlukeneyo (kuquka nezifo ezingasongeli ubomi) ukulawula iimpawu zabo.

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Ukwazi kangangoko unako ngemeko yakho kuya kukunceda wenze izigqibo ezinolwazi malunga nempilo yakho. Nazi ezinye zemibuzo onokuzibuza ugqirha wakho:

• Luhlobo luni lwe-appendix endinayo?
• Ingakanani ithumba?
• Ithini inqanaba kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza wam we-appendix?
• Ziziphi iindlela zonyango endinazo?
• Ndingaqala nini unyango?
• Ngaba ndiza kukwazi ukusebenza ngelixa ndinyangwa umhlaza?
• Ngaba kukho izixhobo okanye amaqela enkxaso anokundinceda?

Kuqhelekile ukuziva usoyika kwaye ungaqinisekanga xa ufumanisa ukuba unomhlaza we-appendix. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nendlela oziva ngayo. Angaphendula imibuzo yakho malunga nemeko yakho aze akuxelele apho ungafumana khona inkxaso. Ngenxa yokuba umhlaza we-appendix unqabile, ungaziva uwedwa ngolu xilongo. Kodwa awuwedwa. Ungaqhagamshelana nabanye abaye baba namava afanayo. Ninokuncedana ngokunyanga nokulawula umhlaza we-appendix.

Umyalezo obalulekileyo osuka kweli nqaku ngulo:

Kulungile, ngoko ke sithethe kakhulu ngomhlaza we-appendix, akunjalo? Nangona olu luhlobo lomhlaza olungaqhelekanga, kubalulekile ukuluqaphela.

• Umhlaza we-appendix sisifo esingaqhelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezifana ne-appendicitis, iintlungu zesisu ezingaqhelekanga, okanye ukudumba, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha.
• Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaza we-appendix, nganye ineendlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango kunye namanqanaba okuchacha.
• Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kubaluleke kakhulu, njengoko unyango lunokwenzeka ukuba luphumelele.
• Kukho unyango olufumanekayo. Esi sifo sinyangwa ngezinto ezifana notyando, i-chemotherapy, kunye nonyango olujoliswe kulo.
• Musa ukoyika ukubuza imibuzo. Buza ugqirha wakho nayiphi na imibuzo onayo. Awuwedwa, kukho iindawo zokufumana uncedo.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukunika ingqalelo kutshintsho olusemzimbeni wakho. Ukuba ubona into engaqhelekanga, bubulumko ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha kunokungayinaki.

Umhlaza wesihlomelo , i-appendicitis, iimpawu zomhlaza, unyango lomhlaza, i-adenocarcinoma, ii-neuroendocrine tumors, utyando