Ngaba kutshanje ukhe waphawula into efana neqhuma elincinci kwindawo ethile emzimbeni wakho? Mhlawumbi alibuhlungu kwaphela. Okanye yintlungu engapheliyo engalweni, emlenzeni, okanye kwilungu? Sidla ngokungazinaki izinto ezinje, akunjalo? Sicinga, "Mhlawumbi liqhuma nje elinamafutha" okanye "Kufuneka ukuba libethwe ndaweni ithile." Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, kwanophawu oluncinci olunje lunokuba luphawu lohlobo lomhlaza olungaqhelekanga kodwa olubalulekileyo olubizwa ngokuba yi- 'Sarcoma .' Ungakhathazeki, masithethe ngale nto kwasekuqaleni, ngokulula nangokucacileyo.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-sarcoma?
I-Sarcoma sisimila esibi esikhula emathanjeni okanye kwizicubu ezithambileyo zomzimba wethu. Ngoku usenokuba uzibuza ukuba zeziphi izicubu ezithambileyo. Oko kukuthi, izicubu ezixhasa kwaye zidibanisa ezinye izakhiwo emzimbeni wethu.
Umzekelo:
- Izihlunu
- Izicubu zamafutha (Amafutha)
- Iitendon
- I-Cartilage
- Iiligamenti
- Ivazi yegazi
- Imiva
Ezi zizicubu ezithambileyo zomzimba wethu. Ngoko ke i-sarcoma inokuvela naphi na kwezi ndawo.
I-Sarcoma luhlobo lomhlaza olungaqhelekanga . I-Sarcoma ibandakanya i-1% kuphela yazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza kubantu abadala. Nangona kunjalo, ibandakanya malunga ne-15% yazo zonke iintlobo zomhlaza ebantwaneni. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukwazi oku.
Ziphi emzimbeni apho ii-sarcomas zixhaphake khona?
Nangona lo mhlaza ungavela naphi na ukusuka entloko ukuya ezinzwaneni, kukho iindawo ezimbalwa apho uxhaphake khona. Cinga, kwii-sarcomas ezili-100 ezikhula:
- Ama-40% eemeko zenzeka kwiindawo ezisezantsi zomzimba, njengemilenze , amaqatha, kunye neenyawo .
- I-15% ivela kwimilenze ephezulu, efana namagxa, iingalo, iingalo, kunye neminwe .
- Malunga nama -30% azo akhula esiqwini, esifubeni, esiswini, okanye esinqeni .
- Ezinye iipesenti ezili-15 zenzeka kwindawo yentloko nentamo .
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-sarcomas?
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezingaphezu kwama-70 kwiqela elikhulu elibizwa ngokuba zii-sarcomas. Kodwa masizahlule zibe ziindidi ezimbini eziphambili: ii-bone sarcomas kunye nee-soft tissue sarcomas.
| Uhlobo lwe-sarcoma | Inkcazo elula |
|---|---|
| IiSarcomas zeThambo | Ezi zi-cancer eziqala ngqo emathanjeni. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba yi-'primary bone sarcoma'. Zixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abancinci abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama-35 ubudala nakubantwana. Eminye imizekelo yile:
|
| IiSarcomas zeZicwi ezithambileyo | Ezi zi-cancer eziqala kwizicubu ezithambileyo ezifana nezihlunu namafutha. Zixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abadala kune-bone sarcomas. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iintlobo (umzekelo, i-rhabdomyosarcoma) zinokukhula nasebantwaneni. Nazi ezinye zemizekelo:
|
Kubalulekile: Ngamanye amaxesha, iiseli zomhlaza eziqale kwenye indawo (ezifana nemiphunga, amabele, okanye i-thyroid) zinokusasazeka ziye emathanjeni. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-metastatic bone cancer. Olu asilohlobo lwe-sarcoma. Luhlobo nje lomhlaza oluye lwasasazeka emathanjeni.
Kutheni le nto ikhula le sarcoma? Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?
Njengakwezinye iintlobo zomhlaza, isizathu esichanekileyo sokuba kutheni iseli ephilileyo ngequbuliso ibe yiseli yomhlaza asikaziwa. Ngamafutshane, i-DNA yeeseli ezenza amathambo ethu okanye izicubu ezithambileyo iyatshintsha (ukuguqulwa), nto leyo ebangela ukuba ezo seli zahlulwe ngokukhawuleza nangokungalawulekiyo.Oku kuqokelelana kweeseli yinto esiyibona njengethumba. Ukuba ayinyangwa, ezi seli zomhlaza zinokuhamba ngegazi okanye kwinkqubo ye-lymphatic zize zisasazeke kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-`(Metastasis)`.
Nangona kunjalo, kukho izinto ezininzi eziye zachongwa ezonyusa umngcipheko wokufumana i-sarcoma.
| Into enobungozi | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| Iikhemikhali | Ukuvezwa ixesha elide kwi-arsenic, ezinye iikhemikhali ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza iiplastiki (i-vinyl chloride), amayeza okubulala ukhula, kunye nezigcini zomthi. |
| Ukukhanya kwemitha | Ekubeni ndifumene unyango lwemitha oluphezulu ngaphambili njengonyango lwesinye isifo somhlaza. |
| I-Lymphedema | Ukudumba ixesha elide okubangelwa kukuqokelelana kolwelo lwe-lymph ezingalweni okanye emilenzeni. |
| Iimeko zofuzo | Ezinye izifo zemfuza ezizuzwe njengelifa (umz., i-Neurofibromatosis type 1, i-Li-Fraumeni syndrome) zinokunyusa umngcipheko. |
Zithini iimpawu ze-sarcoma?
Kulapho abantu abaninzi badideka khona. Kuba iimpawu ze-sarcoma zahluka kakhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwindawo apho i-tumor ikhoyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, kusenokungabikho zimpawu kwaphela kwizigaba zokuqala.
Nazi ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo:
- Ukukhula okutsha: Oku kukhula kusenokuba buhlungu okanye kungabi buhlungu. Kusenokuvakala ngathi liqhuma elingenabuhlungu phantsi kolusu.
- Intlungu: Intlungu engapheliyo engalweni, emlenzeni, esiswini, okanye kwindawo ye-pelvic. Kwabanye abantu, le ntlungu inokuba mandundu ebusuku.
- Ubunzima bokuhamba: Ithumba lisenokuba likhulu kwaye licinezele ilungu okanye umsipha, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukugoba okanye ukolula ingalo okanye umlenze ngokufanelekileyo.
- Ukunciphisa umzimba ngaphandle kwesizathu.
- Umqolo obuhlungu.
Ezi mpawu ziqhelekile kwezinye iimeko ezininzi, ngoko ungoyiki ukucinga ukuba yi-sarcoma kuba nje unenye yezi mpawu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ubona into efana nale, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha wakho kwaye uyixilonge.
Ugqirha ufumanisa njani oku njenge-sarcoma?
Xa usiya kugqirha, uza kuqala akubuze ngeempawu zakho aze akuhlole ngokwasemzimbeni. Ukuba kukho ithumba, uza kujonga ubungakanani balo kunye nohlobo lwalo. Emva koko, angakuthumela kwiimvavanyo ezininzi ukuze afumanise isifo ngokuqinisekileyo.
- Uvavanyo lwe-X-ray: Luvavanyo olusisiseko lokujonga naziphi na iingxaki emathanjeni nakwizicwili ezithambileyo.
- I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan): Ikhompyutha idibanisa imifanekiso ye-X-reyi ukuze idale imifanekiso yomzimba enqamlezileyo. Oku kunokubonelela ngomfanekiso ocacileyo wesi sifo.
- I-MRI scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Oku kusebenzisa i-magnetic field kunye namaza erediyo ukuvelisa imifanekiso ecacileyo neneenkcukacha zangaphakathi lomzimba. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekujongeni iithumba kwizicubu ezithambileyo.
- I-Biopsy: Olu lolona vavanyo lubalulekileyo nolucacileyo. Oku kuquka ukususa iqhekeza elincinci lesicubu kwithumba ngotyando okanye ngenaliti ekhethekileyo size silihlole phantsi kwemakroskopu kwilebhu. Le yindlela yokuqiniseka ngokupheleleyo ukuba ngumhlaza, i-sarcoma, kunye nohlobo lwayo.
Ezinye iimvavanyo ezifana ne-PET scan okanye i-bone scan nazo zingacetyiswa.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-sarcoma?
Unyango lweSarcoma aluyonto enokwenziwa ngugqirha omnye eyedwa. Lufuna iqela leengcali ezivela kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, ezifana noogqirha botyando, oogqirha bomhlaza, kunye neengcali zemitha, ukuba badibane ukuze bamisele isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo.
Indlela yonyango imiselwa ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezifana nezi:
- Uhlobo lwe-sarcoma.
- Ubungakanani kunye nendawo yethumba.
- Impilo yakho iyonke.
- Ingaba umhlaza usasazeke na kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.
Kukho iindlela ezininzi eziphambili zonyango.
Utyando
Unyango oluphambili lwee-sarcomas ezininzi lutyando. Injongo kukususa ngokupheleleyo ithumba. Ithumba lisuswa kunye nomda omncinci wezicubu eziphilileyo ezijikeleze ithumba. Oku kukuthintela iiseli zomhlaza ezincinci ukuba zingasali. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba kukho ithumba elikhulu engalweni okanye emlenzeni, kwenziwa utyando olukhethekileyo ukusindisa ilungu (ukusindisa amalungu). Nangona kunjalo, kunqabile kakhulu, xa ilungu lingenakusindiswa, ukunqunyulwa kwelungu kunokufuneka.
Unyango lweMisebe
Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa ii-X-reyi ezinamandla aphezulu ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza. Unyango lwemitha lunikezelwa ngaphambi kotyando ukuze kuncitshiswe ithumba okanye kutshatyalaliswe naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo emva kotyando.
Unyango ngamakhemikhali
Oku kuquka ukunika amayeza akhethekileyo okubulala iiseli zomhlaza ezahlulahlula ngokukhawuleza okanye ukuthintela ukukhula kwazo. La mayeza anokunikwa ngemithambo okanye njengeepilisi.
Ezinye iindlela zonyango
Ukongeza, unyango lwanamhlanje olufana nonyango olujoliswe kulo, oluhlasela kuphela ubuthathaka obuthile kwiiseli zomhlaza, kunye nonyango lwe-immunotherapy, oluvuselela inkqubo yomzimba yokulwa nomhlaza, ngoku lusetyenziswa.
Liliphi ixesha elifanelekileyo lokubona ugqirha?
I-Sarcoma sisifo esinokunyangwa ngempumelelo ukuba sifunyenwe kwangethuba. Ngoko ke, musa ukulibazisa kwaye ubone ugqirha ngokukhawuleza kwiimeko ezilandelayo.
Ukuba uneqhuma elitsha emzimbeni wakho, nokuba libuhlungu okanye alibuhlungu, ingakumbi ukuba likhulu kunebhola yegalufa (malunga neesentimitha ezi-5), okanye ukuba liyaqhubeka likhula, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka ubone ugqirha.
Kwakhona, ukuba kukho intlungu engapheliyo ethanjeni engalweni okanye emlenzeni ngaphandle kwesizathu esibonakalayo, musa ukuyityeshela loo nto.
I-Sarcoma ayilomhlaza omnye, kodwa liqela lee-cancer. Ngoko ke, unyango kunye noqikelelo lwazo ziyahluka kakhulu kumntu nomntu, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza. Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo uneenkxalabo malunga noku, kungcono ukubona ingcali ukuze ikunike iingcebiso.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Sarcoma luhlobo olungaqhelekanga lomhlaza oluvela emathanjeni nakwizicwili ezithambileyo.
- Kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha malunga naliphi na iqhuma elitsha, elikhulayo, okanye elikhulu emzimbeni wakho. Musa ukulibetha ngoyaba, nokuba libuhlungu okanye alibuhlungu.
- Uvavanyo olubaluleke kakhulu lokufumanisa isifo ngokuqinisekileyo yi-biopsy.
- Iindlela zonyango (utyando, i-radiation, i-chemotherapy) zimiselwa ngokwahlukeneyo ngokwesigulana kunye nohlobo lomhlaza.
- Ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunye nokuqaliswa konyango kubalulekile ukuze kubekho iziphumo eziphumelelayo.
I-Sarcoma, umhlaza, iithumba zomzimba, umhlaza wamathambo, umhlaza wezicubu ezithambileyo, iimpawu zomhlaza
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