Ngaba ingxaki yentliziyo ezalwa nayo ingenzeka xa umntu emdala? (Isifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso kubantu abadala - ACHD) Makhe sithethe ngale nto!

Ngaba wakha weva ngesifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso, imeko enokuvela xa umntu emdala? Usenokucinga, 'Owu, yinto esinokuyifumana xa sisengabantwana.' Kodwa oko akusoloko kunjalo. Kukho iingxaki zentliziyo esizalwa nazo, kodwa zibonisa iimpawu xa sikhula, okanye esikhe saba nazo ngaphambili kodwa ziqala ukusichaphazela ngendlela eyahlukileyo xa sikhulile. Yiloo nto siza kuthetha ngayo namhlanje.

Yintoni isifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso kubantu abadala (ACHD)?

Ngamafutshane, isifo sentliziyo esizalwa siqala kubantu abadala (okanye i-ACHD, njengoko oogqirha besibiza njalo) liqela leemeko ezichaphazela ulwakhiwo lwentliziyo yakho, into ozalwa nayo. Igama elithi "congenital" lithetha ukuba isiphene senzeka ngelixa usakhula njengomntwana ongekazalwa esibelekweni kwaye sikhona ngexesha lokuzalwa. Ezi meko zichaphazela indlela igazi elihamba ngayo entliziyweni yakho. Sikwabiza ezi "congenital heart defects."

Ezinye zezi meko zentliziyo zinokuba buthathaka kakhulu, kodwa ezinye zinokuba nzulu kakhulu. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo sentliziyo kunye nobunzima bayo, abanye abantu basenokungabi nazimpawu de babe ngabantu abadala. Abanye basenokungaze babe nazimpawu kwaphela. Kwaye kusekho abanye, nokuba banyangelwe ezi meko besebancinci, banokuba neempawu njengemiphumo yexesha elide xa bebadala.

Kodwa kukho iindaba ezimnandi . Ngenxa yokuqhubela phambili ekuxilongweni nasekunyangweni, izinga lokusinda kwabantu abane-ACHD linyuke kakhulu. Ngaphezulu kwama-90% abantu abafunyaniswa bene-ACHD ebantwaneni baphila baze babe ngabantu abadala . Nokuba ufunyaniswa une-ACHD usengumntwana okanye usemdala, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba uya kufuna unyango oluhlala ixesha elide ukuze ujonge imeko yakho.

Zeziphi iindawo zentliziyo ezinokuchaphazeleka yi-ACHD?

Ngoku makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi iindawo zentliziyo ezinokuchaphazeleka yile meko, `i-ACHD`. Cinga ngentliziyo yakho njengomatshini omncinci, kodwa obaluleke kakhulu. Kukho iindawo ezininzi eziphambili zentliziyo ezibandakanyekayo koku:

• Imithambo yegazi: Ezi zizakhiwo ezifana neetyhubhu ezithwala igazi lisuka entliziyweni yakho ukuya emzimbeni wakho lize libuyele entliziyweni yakho. Imithambo yegazi ithwala igazi elineoksijini eninzi lisuka entliziyweni yakho ukuya kwizicubu zomzimba wakho. Imithambo yegazi ithwala igazi elingenaoksijini libuyele entliziyweni yakho.
• Amagumbi entliziyo: La magumbi alawula ukubetha nokuhamba kwegazi entliziyweni yakho. Kukho amagumbi amabini aphezulu (i-atria yasekunene neyasekhohlo) kunye namagumbi amabini asezantsi (i-ventricles yasekunene neyasekhohlo). La magumbi ahlulwe ludonga lwezicubu (i-septum).
• Iivalvu zentliziyo: Intliziyo yakho ineevalvu ezine. Ezi zifana neengcango ezinceda igazi ukuba lihambe kwicala elinye kuphela. Ezi valve ziZiyi-'aortic valve', 'mitral valve', 'pulmonary valve', kunye ne -'tricuspid valve' .

Ngoko ke, kwi-`ACHD`, impazamo inokwenzeka nakweyiphi na kwezi ndawo.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-ACHD?

Ngoku makhe sijonge iintlobo eziphambili ze-'ACHD'. Ezi zisenokuvakala ngathi zezonyango, kodwa ndiza kuzichaza ngokulula ukuze uqonde.

Iziphene zemithambo yegazi

Ngamanye amaxesha imithambo yegazi yakho inokuba mxinwa kakhulu kwezinye iindawo. Oku kuthetha ukuba intliziyo yakho kufuneka isebenze nzima ukupompa igazi. Okanye, imithambo yegazi inokuba nengxaki, nto leyo evumela igazi elingenaoksijini ukuba lihambe liye emzimbeni kwaye igazi elineoksijini eninzi lihambe liye emiphungeni. Ezona ziphene zixhaphakileyo kwimithambo yegazi zezi:

• Ukuqina kwe-aorta (ukucutheka kwe-aorta)
• I-Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) (umthambo wegazi obekufanele ukuba uvaliwe emva kokuzalwa uhlala uvuliwe)
• I-stenosis yemithambo yemiphunga
• `Ukutshintshwa kwemithambo emikhulu` (ukutshintshwa kwemithambo emibini ephambili ephuma entliziyweni)
• `Ukubuya kwemithambo yemiphunga okungaqhelekanga` (umthambo wemiphunga odibana kwindawo engafanelekanga)

Iziphene zevalvu yentliziyo

Iivalvu zentliziyo yakho zinokuba mxinwa kakhulu, zingavaleki kakuhle, zivaleke ngokupheleleyo, okanye zingasebenzi kakuhle. Ezi meko zenza kube nzima ukuba intliziyo yakho ipompe igazi emzimbeni wakho. Ezona ziphene zevalvu zentliziyo zixhaphakileyo zezi:

• `Isifo se-aortic valve seBicuspid` (zimbini kuphela iincwadana ezikhoyo kwi-aortic valve endaweni yezithathu eziqhelekileyo)
• `I-Ebstein's anomaly` (isiphene esibi kwivalvu ye-tricuspid)
• I-Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

Iziphene zeSeptal

Ezi ziingxunya eludongeni lwezicubu (i-'septum') phakathi kwamagumbi amabini aphezulu (i-atria) okanye amagumbi amabini asezantsi (i-mitra) entliziyo. Oku kuvumela igazi elineoksijini ephuma emiphungeni ukuba lixubane negazi eliphuma emzimbeni elingenaoksijini. Oku kuthetha ukuba igazi eliphuma entliziyweni linokuba neoksijini encinci kunesiqhelo. Ezona ziphene ze-'septal' zixhaphakileyo zezi:

• I-Atrial septal defect (ASD) (umngxuma eludongeni phakathi kwe-atria)
• I-Patent foramen ovale (PFO) (umngxuma omncinci phakathi kwe-atria omele uvale emva kokuzalwa)
• I-Ventricular septal defect (VSD) (umngxuma eludongeni phakathi kweeventricles)

Ngubani onokuba ne-ACHD?

Le meko ye-'ACHD' inokwenzeka kubantu banoma yisiphi isini, ubudala, okanye uhlanga. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimeko, ezifana ne -'Atrial septal defect (ASD)` , `Mitral valve prolapse (MVP)` , kunye ne -`Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)`, zixhaphake kakhulu kwabasetyhini. Kwakhona, i-`Aortic coarctation` , `Tetralogy of Fallot`(Oku kukwayindibaniselwano yeziphene ezine ezintsonkothileyo zentliziyo) kwaye iimeko ezifana ne -'Transposition of the great arteries' zixhaphake kakhulu kumadoda.

Enye into kukuba abantu abane-genetic syndromes ethile, umzekelo , i-Down syndrome okanye i-Turner syndrome , banamathuba amaninzi okufumana ezinye zezi ziphene zentliziyo zokuzalwa.

E-United States kuphela, kuxelwe ukuba malunga ne-1.4 yezigidi zabantu abadala banesifo se-ACHD. Kuthiwa inani labantu abane-ACHD liyanda nge-5% minyaka le. Kukho abantu abaninzi abanezi meko eSri Lanka, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba abazange baxilongwe ngokufanelekileyo, okanye kusenokwenzeka ukuba banyangwa besebancinci kwaye baphoswa lunyango olukhethekileyo xa bebadala ngenxa yokungazi.

Zithini izizathu ze-ACHD?

Abaphandi abakayazi eyona nto ibangela i-ACHD. Ezinye iimeko ze-ACHD zinokungena kwiintsapho (oko kukuthi, zinokufunyanwa njengelifa). I-ACHD idla ngokubonwa kunye nezifo okanye iingxaki zemfuza ezifana ne-Down syndrome kunye ne-Turner syndrome.

Kwakhona, ukuba umama ufumana iimeko ezithile ngexesha lokukhulelwa, umntwana usenokuba sengozini enkulu yokuba ne-ACHD. Umzekelo:

• Ukuba umama ufumana i-rubella okanye i-influenza (umkhuhlane) kwiinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zokukhulelwa.
• Ukuba umama unesifo seswekile sohlobo 1 okanye isifo seswekile sohlobo 2 .
• Ukuba uthatha amayeza athile kwizinto ezifana ne-acne, i-bipolar disorder, okanye i-seizures.
• Ukuba uthatha amayeza okudambisa iintlungu afana ne -ibuprofen ngexesha okanye emva kweeveki ezingama-30 zokukhulelwa.

Kubalulekile: Oku akuthethi ukuba ukuba ezi zinto ziyenzeka, umntwana ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuba nesifo sentliziyo. Ezi zizinto ezinyusa umngcipheko. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela iingcebiso zonyango ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

Zithini iimpawu ze-ACHD?

Iimpawu ze-ACHD zinokwahluka kumntu nomntu. Kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana neminyaka yakho, ukuba zingakanani iziphene zentliziyo onazo, ubukhali besifo sentliziyo yakho, kunye nohlobo lwe-ACHD onalo.

Abanye abantu abane-ACHD ababonisi zimpawu . Kodwa ukuba unazo ezi mpawu, zingabandakanya:

• Ukutshintsha kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwezinzipho, imilebe, kunye nolusu (i-cyanosis). Oku kubangelwa kukuncipha komthamo weoksijini egazini.
• Isiyezi.
• Ukudinwa, ingakumbi ukuziva udiniwe ngokukhawuleza emva kokwenza umsebenzi omncinci.
• Ukuva isandi sentliziyo esingaqhelekanga ('ukugquma kwentliziyo'). Le yinto ugqirha anokuyiva xa emamele nge-'stethoscope'.
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo okukhawulezayo okanye okungahambelaniyo (ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga). Usenokuvakalelwa kukuba indlela intliziyo yakho ebetha ngayo itshintshile.
• Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga (arrhythmia).
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuphelelwa ngamandla).
• Ukudumba (ukudumba) kwamaqatha, iinyawo, okanye izandla.

Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha nogqirha ngayo.

Ifunyaniswa njani i-ACHD?

Xa ubona ugqirha onezi mpawu, uza kuqala akubuze ngeempawu zakho, nokuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba nesifo sentliziyo, kunye nembali yakho yezonyango. Emva koko, baza kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba baze bamamele intliziyo yakho nge-stethoscope.

Ukongeza, ugqirha unokwenza iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa imeko ye-ACHD:

• Ukufakwa kwe-catheter kwintliziyo: Oku ngamanye amaxesha kusetyenziswa njengonyango. Kule nkqubo, ityhubhu encinci (i-catheter) idluliselwa ngemithambo yegazi ekwimiphunga yakho iye entliziyweni yakho.
• `I-X-ray yesifuba` (uvavanyo lwe-X-ray yesifuba).
• I-Echocardiogram (i-echo): Oku kufana ne-ultrasound scan yentliziyo. Ingajonga imilo kunye nomsebenzi wentliziyo.
• I-Electrocardiogram (EKG/ECG): Le ilinganisa umsebenzi wombane wentliziyo.
• Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lokuzivocavoca: Olu vavanyo luvavanya indlela intliziyo yakho esabela ngayo xa usenza umthambo.
• `I-MRI yentliziyo` (i-Heart MRI scan) kunye ne -`I-Heart CT scan` (i-Heart CT scan). Ezi zinokufumana imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zentliziyo.
• I-pulse oximetry: Oku kulinganisa inqanaba le-oksijini egazini. Kulinganiswa ngokuncamathisela into efana ne-clip kumnwe okanye endlebeni.
• I-Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE): Oku kufana novavanyo lwe-echo, kodwa i-ultrasound probe idluliselwa emphinjeni ize ihlolwe kufutshane nentliziyo.

Olu vavanyo luvumela ugqirha ukuba aqonde kakuhle imeko yakho.

Iphathwa njani i-ACHD?

Ezinye iziphene ezincinci zentliziyo ezizalwa nazo zisenokungadingi naluphi na unyango . Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka uhlale ujongwa intliziyo ngugqirha wentliziyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba imeko yakho ayibi mandundu.

Unyango lwe-ACHD luxhomekeke kuhlobo kunye nobunzima bemeko. Ngoko ke, ezi ndlela zonyango zilandelayo zingasetyenziswa:

• Amayeza: Kukho amayeza anokunceda intliziyo yakho isebenze ngcono. Umzekelo:
• Ii-ACE inhibitors kunye nee-calcium channel blockers (ezi zikwanceda ekulawuleni uxinzelelo lwegazi).
• Ii-Anticoagulants (amayeza athintela ukujiya kwegazi).
• Ii-Beta-blockers (lawula izinga lokubetha kwentliziyo).
• Iipilisi zamanzi (i-diuretics) (zinciphisa ukuqokelelana kolwelo olungeyomfuneko emzimbeni).
• Izixhobo zentliziyo ezifakelwayo: Ugqirha wakho unokufaka i -pacemaker ukulawula isantya sentliziyo yakho okanye i- implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) ukulungisa ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga (arrhythmia).
• Ukufakwa kwe-catheter kwintliziyo: Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, oku kungasetyenziswa njengenkqubo yokuxilonga kunye neyonyango. Kusetyenziselwa ukulungisa iziphene ezifana neziphene ze-atrial septal (ASD). Kungasetyenziswa nokwandisa imithambo emincinci (i-angioplasty) okanye iivalvu (i-valvotomy) ngokudlulisa ibhaluni encinci kwi-catheter.
• Utyando: Ugqirha wotyando angalungisa okanye atshintshe ivalvu enye okanye ezingaphezulu zentliziyo yakho (utyando lwevalvu yentliziyo). Olu lutyando lwentliziyo oluvulekileyo okanye utyando lwentliziyo olungenamsebenzi kangako. Utyando lwentliziyo lwenziwa ukuze kulungiswe iziphene zentliziyo ezintsonkothileyo zokuzalwa.
• Ukufakelwa intliziyo: Abantu abanesifo sentliziyo esiyingozi kakhulu nesisongela ubomi babo banokufuna ukufakelwa intliziyo ngokupheleleyo, kodwa le yindlela yokugqibela.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ze-ACHD?

Ezinye iingxaki ezinokwenzeka ngenxa ye-ACHD ziquka:

• Ukubetha kwentliziyo okungaqhelekanga (`Arrhythmia`).
• Usulelo lwengaphakathi lentliziyo (endocarditis).
• Ukusilela kwentliziyo (okanye ukusilela kwentliziyo okuxineneyo).
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu lwemiphunga.
• Istroke.

Ukuba isiphene sentliziyo yakho yokuzalwa asizange sixilongwe kwaye sinyangwe kwangethuba, umngcipheko wakho wokufumana ezi ngxaki uphezulu.

Injani imbono yomntu one-ACHD?

Ukuba une-ACHD, indlela ojonga ngayo imeko yakho ixhomekeke kuhlobo lwesifo sentliziyo ozalwa naso, ubunzima baso, kunye nonyango olufumanayo. Uninzi lwabantu abafumana unyango olufanelekileyo baphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo nobusebenzayo. Ngoko ke akukho nto inokubangela ixhala ngayo, kodwa kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngononophelo.

Uzinyamekela njani ukuba une-ACHD?

Ukuba une-ACHD, ungenza ezi zinto ukuze uzinyamekele:

• Phila ubomi obusempilweni. Yitya kakuhle, sela kakuhle, qhelisa umzimba (njengoko kuyalelwe ngugqirha wakho), kwaye uphephe ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo.
• Xelela bonke oogqirha bakho kunye noogqirha bamazinyo ukuba une-ACHD. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu, kuba kufuneka bakuqaphele oku xa bekunyanga.
• Bona ugqirha wentliziyo ojongene ne-ACHD rhoqo ukuze imeko yakho ijongwe.
• Ngaphambi kotyando lwezonyango nolwamazinyo, thatha amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ukuba ucetyiswe yingcali yentliziyo yakho.Oku kwenzelwa ukuthintela izifo ezifana ne-endocarditis.
• Lumka kakuhle amazinyo akho kwaye ubone ugqirha wamazinyo rhoqo. Oku kubalulekile kuba usulelo lwamazinyo lunokuchaphazela intliziyo yakho.
• Ukuba uceba ukukhulelwa, thetha nogqirha wakho ngayo kwangaphambili. Ukukhulelwa kufuneka kulawulwe ngononophelo olukhethekileyo xa une-ACHD.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha ngoko nangoko?

Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu, fowunela u-911 okanye uye esibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko. Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zokusilela kwentliziyo:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla ngequbuliso okanye obandayo.
• Ukudumba ngequbuliso esiswini okanye emilenzeni engezantsi.
• Ukudinwa okugqithisileyo nokungaqhelekanga ngaphandle kwesizathu.

Kwakhona, ukuba ufumanisa naziphi na iimpawu ezintsha ezinxulumene ne-ACHD, okanye ukuba ukhathazekile ngempawu esele ikhona, bonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kwinto esithethe ngayo namhlanje kukuba...

Isifo sentliziyo sabadala (i-ACHD) sibhekisa kwiziphene kwisakhiwo sentliziyo yakho ezikhoyo ekuzalweni. Ezi zinokuchaphazela indlela igazi elihamba ngayo entliziyweni yakho. Usenokuba neempawu ezifana nokudinwa, izandi zentliziyo ezingaqhelekanga, kunye nokuphefumla nzima, okanye usenokuba awunazo kwaphela iimpawu.

Oogqirha banokuyinyanga le meko ngamayeza, ii-implants zentliziyo, kunye notyando. Ukuba une-ACHD encinci, usenokungadingi unyango. Nangona kunjalo, nokuba inzima kangakanani na, kubalulekile ukubona ugqirha wentliziyo rhoqo ukuze ahlolwe. Khumbula, abantu abaninzi abane-ACHD baphila ubomi obusempilweni, obupheleleyo nobusebenzayo. Ngoko ke musa ukoyika, landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngononophelo, kwaye unyamekele intliziyo yakho!

Isifo sentliziyo , iziphene zentliziyo zokuzalwa, abantu abadala, intliziyo, imithambo yegazi, iivalvu zentliziyo, iimpawu, unyango, i-ACHD, isifo sentliziyo sokuzalwa, utyando lwentliziyo