Xa umntwana wakho wayezalwa, ngaba ugqirha wathi wayenentliziyo ekhalayo? Okanye njengoko wayekhula, ngaba wayedinwa ngokukhawuleza kunabanye abantwana xa ebaleka kwaye edlala? Ezi zinto ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba ziimpawu zesifo sentliziyo sokuzalwa. Kodwa ungoyiki. Ayizizo zonke izifo zentliziyo zokuzalwa ezinzulu. Namhlanje sithetha ngohlobo lwesifo sentliziyo esiqhelekileyo, kodwa esingabangeli amehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Yintoni i-Acyanotic Heart Disease?
Ngamafutshane, isifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso (CHD) sisifo esenzeka xa intliziyo yomntwana ikhula ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Oku kuthetha ukuba kukho iziphene ezincinci kwimilo okanye ekusebenzeni kwentliziyo. Ezi zinokwahlulwa zibe ziintlobo ezimbini eziphambili.
1. Isifo sentliziyo esibangelwa yiCyanotic Congenital: Kolu hlobo, ngenxa yesiphene entliziyweni, ubuninzi beoksijini egazini eliya emzimbeni buyancipha. Emva koko , iindawo ezifana nemilebe, ulwimi, kunye neminwe ziqala ukujika zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka . Lo mbala uluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ubizwa ngokuba yi-'cyanosis'.
2. Isifo sentliziyo esibangelwa yi-Acyanotic Congenital: Kolu hlobo lwesifo sentliziyo, akukho ngxaki yobungakanani beoksijini egazini eya emzimbeni, nangona kukho ingxaki entliziyweni. Ngenxa yoko, umzimba awujiki ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yengxaki entliziyweni, kukho ukungaqheleki kwindlela igazi elihamba ngayo emzimbeni wonke.
Oko kuthetha ukuba, kwisifo sentliziyo esingeyiyo i-cyanotic, nangona kukho ioksijini eninzi egazini, kukho ingxaki kwindlela igazi elihamba ngayo entliziyweni. Oku kunokubangela uxinzelelo olungakumbi entliziyweni.
Ixhaphake kangakanani le meko?
Malunga ne-8 kwi-1,000 yeentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa emhlabeni zinesifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso. Kwezi , i-75%, okanye malunga nesithathu kwisine, luhlobo lwesifo sentliziyo esithetha ngaso olubizwa ngokuba yi-acyanotic. Ngoko ke ungabona ukuba esi asisosifo singaqhelekanga.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziqhelekileyo zesifo sentliziyo esingengo-cyanotic?
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zesifo sentliziyo ezichongiweyo phantsi koku. Masiqonde nganye nganye ngokulula. Jonga le theyibhile.
| Igama lesifo (Igama lezonyango) | Ngamafutshane, oku kwenzekayo. |
|---|---|
| I-Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) | Umngxuma eludongeni owahlula amagumbi amabini asezantsi (iiventricles) zentliziyo. Esi sesona siphene sentliziyo esiqhelekileyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, imingxunya emincinci iyazivaleka ngokwayo ngokuhamba kwexesha. |
| I-Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) | Umngxuma eludongeni owahlula amagumbi amabini aphezulu entliziyo (i-atria). Le mingxuma ayivaleki yodwa, njenge-VSD. Imingxunya emikhulu inokufuneka ivalwe ngotyando. |
| Patent ductus Arteriosus (PDA) | Xa umntwana esesibelekweni, kukho unxibelelwano phakathi kwemithambo emibini emikhulu ethintela igazi ukuba lingangeni emaphashini. Olu nxibelelwano kufuneka luvaleke emva kokuzalwa. Ukuba alunjalo, lubizwa ngokuba yi-PDA. Oku kuqhelekile kwiintsana ezizelwe ngaphambi kwexesha. |
| I-Aortic Stenosis | Ukuncitshiswa kwevalvu ye-aorta, apho igazi lingena khona kwi-aorta, umthambo oyintloko othwala igazi ukusuka entliziyweni ukuya emzimbeni wonke. Oku kubangela ukuba intliziyo isebenze nzima ukupompa igazi. |
| I-Pulmonary Stenosis | Ukuncitshiswa kwevalvu yemithambo yemiphunga ethwala igazi ukusuka entliziyweni ukuya emiphungeni. |
| Ukudibana kwe-Aorta | Ukuvaleka okanye ukuncitshiswa komthambo oyintloko (i-aorta) othwala igazi emzimbeni. |
Zithini iimpawu zesi sifo?
Abanye abantwana abanale meko basenokungabonakalisi zimpawu xa bezalwa. Uphawu olulodwa lusenokuba sisandi sentliziyo esongezelelweyo (ukugungqa kwentliziyo) esiviwa ngugqirha nge-stethoscope.
Nangona kunjalo, ngokuhamba kwexesha, njengoko intliziyo iqhubeka nokusebenza nzima ukupompa igazi, iingxaki ezithile zinokuvela. Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu) lunokukhula kuba intliziyo kufuneka isebenze nzima ukupompa igazi. Ngamanye amaxesha, uxinzelelo lwegazi emiphungeni (uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu oluphezulu) nalo lunokwanda. Ekugqibeleni, ukusilela kwentliziyo kunokukhula, imeko apho intliziyo ingakwazi ukupompa igazi ngokufanelekileyo. Ezi mpawu zilandelayo zinokwenzeka kwezi meko:
- Ukuphefumla kancinci: Ingakumbi xa uzilolonga okanye uzikhandla.
- Ukudinwa: Ukuziva ujikeleza ngequbuliso.
- Ukudinwa lula: Ukudinwa kakhulu nasemva kokwenza umsebenzi oqhelekileyo (Ukudinwa).
- Ukungakwazi ukunxibelelana: Usenokulahlekelwa zingqondo ngequbuliso uze uwe.
Yintoni ebangela le meko?
Izazinzulu azikakwazi ukutsho ngokuqinisekileyo ngokupheleleyo ukuba kutheni ezi ziphene zentliziyo zizalwa nazo, kodwa zifumanise ukuba kukho izinto ezithile ezinokubangela oku.
- Iikhromozomu ezingaqhelekanga: Kukho umngcipheko okhulayo wezi ziphene zentliziyo xa kukho iimeko ezithile zemfuza.
- I-genetics: Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho oye waba nesifo sentliziyo sokuzalwa, umngcipheko wokuba umntwana afumane esi sifo uphezulu kancinci.
- Ezinye izifo ezinokuthi zivele kumama ngexesha lokukhulelwa zinokuchaphazela umntwana ongekazalwa, njengesifo seswekile, usulelo olubangelwa ziintsholongwane olufana ne-rubella, ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza athile, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamayeza.
Indlela yokuxilonga esi sifo?
Ukuba ugqirha wakho uva isandi sentliziyo esongezelelweyo kumntwana wakho okanye ubonisa ezi mpawu zingasentla, uya kuyalela iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba unesifo.
- I-X-reyi yesifuba: Oku kunokujonga ubungakanani kunye nokuma kwentliziyo kunye nemeko yemiphunga.
- I-Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG): Uvavanyo olulula olulinganisa umsebenzi wombane wentliziyo.
- I-Echocardiogram (Echo): Olu lolona vavanyo lubalulekileyo. Lufana ne-ultrasound scan yentliziyo. Iyakwazi ukubona ngokucacileyo yonke into esentliziyweni, kuquka amagumbi, iivalvu, kunye nemingxunya esezindongeni.
- Ukufakwa kweCatheter kwintliziyo: Kule nto, kudluliselwa ityhubhu encinci (i-catheter) ngemithambo yegazi engalweni okanye emlenzeni ukuya entliziyweni ukuze kulinganiswe izinto ezifana noxinzelelo ngaphakathi entliziyweni, amanqanaba eoksijini, njl. Ngamanye amaxesha kufakwa idayi ukujonga ukuhamba kwegazi.
Iphathwa njani?
Indlela yonyango ixhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nohlobo lwesiphene sentliziyo, ubukhali bayo, kunye nobudala bomguli.
Ngamanye amaxesha akukho mfuneko yonyango. Umzekelo, umngxuma omncinci kwi-VSD unokuzivaleka ngokwawo njengoko umntwana ekhula.
Kodwa ukuba kuvela iimpawu okanye ugqirha ufumanisa ukuba kusenokubakho umonakalo entliziyweni, kuya kufuneka unyango.
- Amayeza: Amayeza anikwa ukunceda intliziyo isebenze lula, ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi, okanye ukususa ulwelo olugqithisileyo entliziyweni.
- Iinkqubo ze-catheter: Iinkqubo ezingezizo ezotyando, ezifana ne-cardiac catheterization, ziquka ukudlulisa umbhobho omncinci entliziyweni kunye nokufaka iplagi/isixhobo esincinci ukuvala umngxuma, njenge-ASD okanye i-VSD.
- Utyando: Utyando lwentliziyo evulekileyo lunokufuneka ukuze kulungiswe ezinye iziphene.
Ungaphila njani ubomi obusempilweni xa unesi sifo?
Abantu abaninzi abanesifo sentliziyo esingesosentliziyo baphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo nobupheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqonda imeko yakho nokulandela iingcebiso zikagqirha wakho.
Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unale meko, kubalulekile ukuba uhlolwe rhoqo ngugqirha wentliziyo ozelwe ngumntu omdala . Uza kukunika isikhokelo kwezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Gqiba ukuba loluphi uhlobo lomthambo olufanelekileyo nolukhuselekileyo kuwe.
- Landela ukutya okunempilo kwentliziyo.
- Jonga rhoqo indlela imeko yentliziyo yakho etshintsha ngayo njengoko ukhula.
- Ukuba kuyimfuneko, thatha amayeza, afana namayeza oxinzelelo lwegazi, ukuze unciphise uxinzelelo entliziyweni.
- Ukuba ugqiba ekubeni ukhulelwe, kubalulekile ukuba uxoxe nogqirha wakho kwangaphambili, kuba oku kubeka umthwalo owongezelelweyo entliziyweni.
- Yenza isigqibo esichanekileyo malunga nokuba kufuneka utyando okanye olunye unyango nini.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Isifo sentliziyo esibizwa ngokuba yi-acyanotic sisifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso. Nangona kunjalo, kule meko, umzimba awujiki ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuba akukho kunqongophala kweoksijini egazini.
- I-VSD, i-ASD, kunye ne-PDA zezona meko zixhaphakileyo phantsi kolu didi.
- Abanye abantwana basenokungabonakalisi zimpawu ekuqaleni, kodwa kamva banokuba neempawu ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumla nokudinwa.
- Uninzi lwezi meko lunonyango olusebenzayo, kwaye ezinye ziyaphela ngokuzenzekelayo.
- Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho unale meko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uhlolwe rhoqo yingcali yentliziyo. Ungakhathazeki, ngolawulo olufanelekileyo, ungaphila ubomi obusempilweni.
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