Ubusazi na ukuba umthambo wegazi oyintloko emzimbeni wethu ufana nombhobho wamanzi ophambili ohambisa amanzi kwisixeko? Lo mthambo wegazi ngulowo uthwala igazi elicocekileyo, elineoksijini eninzi ukusuka entliziyweni ukuya emzimbeni wonke. Ngoko khawucinge ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwengozi olunokwenzeka ukuba lo mthambo uyintloko ububuthathaka kwindawo enye uze uqale ukudumba njengebhaluni. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesifo esibi kangaka, kodwa esihlala sithule. Ngokwezonyango, esi sibizwa ngokuba yi-'Ascending Aortic Aneurysm'.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni le Ascending Aortic Aneurysm?
Oku kusenokuvakala ngathi ligama elintsonkothileyo, kodwa kulula kakhulu ukuliqonda.
Masiqale sichaze eli gama.
- I-Aorta: Oku koko ndikukhankanyileyo ngaphambili, umthambo wegazi omkhulu nobaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Uqala entliziyweni yethu.
- Ukunyuka kwe-Aorta: Le yinxalenye enyukayo ye-aorta ekufutshane nentliziyo.
- I-Aneurysm: Eli libali lokwenyani . Kulapho indawo ebuthathaka eludongeni lomthambo wegazi iphuma khona. Kufana "neqamza" eliphuma kwitayara emotweni.
Ngamafutshane, i-Ascending Aortic Aneurysm yimeko apho udonga lwenxalenye yokuqala ye-aorta oluqala entliziyweni yethu luba buthathaka kwaye luvuthuluke njengebhaluni. Le meko ngamanye amaxesha ibizwa ngokuba yi-Ascending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm (ATAA) kuba yenzeka kwindawo yesifuba.
Eyona ngozi inkulu kukuba le ndawo idumbileyo ingakrazuka okanye iqhume nangaliphi na ixesha. Ukuba oko kuyenzeka, kunokubangela ukopha okukhulu emzimbeni, okunokuba yingozi kakhulu kwaye kube yingozi nakubomi.
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa yile meko?
Nangona le meko inokwenzeka nakubani na, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu. Makhe sijonge ukuba bangoobani. Cinga ukuba ezi nyaniso ziyasebenza na kuwe.
| Into enobungozi | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ubudala kunye nesini | Amadoda angaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 kunye nabasetyhini abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-70 basengozini enkulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba iindonga zemithambo yethu yegazi ziya zisiba namandla kwaye ziguquguquka ngokuhamba kwexesha. |
| Imbali yoSapho | Ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho, ingakumbi isalamane esisondeleyo (umama, utata, abantakwenu noodadewabo), ukhe waba ne-aneurysm efana nale, usemngciphekweni omkhulu. Oku kunokuba nefuthe kwimfuza. |
| Ezinye izifo zentliziyo | Lo mngcipheko uphezulu kakhulu kwabo bazalwa benesiphene esibizwa ngokuba yiBicuspid Aortic Valve (ivalvu yentliziyo edla ngokuba nee-cusps ezintathu kodwa ezimbini kuphela). |
| Iingxaki zeTishu eziXhakamshelweyo | Abantu abanezifo zemfuza ezichaphazela amandla ezicubu zomzimba, njengeMarfan Syndrome , basenokuba nodonga lwemithambo yegazi olubuthathaka. |
| Igazi elonyukayo | Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu luthetha ukuba igazi lihlala lihamba phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu ngaphakathi kwimithambo yegazi. Olu xinzelelo lunokonakalisa udonga lwemithambo yegazi kwaye luyenze buthathaka ngokuhamba kwexesha. |
| Ukutshaya | Ukutshaya yenye yezona zinto zibangela umonakalo omkhulu kwimithambo yegazi. Iikhemikhali ezikwicuba zonakalisa ngokuthe ngqo udonga lwemithambo yegazi, ziyenze buthathaka kwaye zenze kube lula ukuba zidumbe. |
Malunga nama-60% azo zonke ii-aneurysms ze-aortic zesifuba zenzeka kwi-ascending aorta. Ngokwezibalo, le meko ichaphazela abantu abamalunga ne-10 kwi-100,000 minyaka le.
Kutheni oku kusenzeka? Zithini izizathu?
Nantoni na ebuthathaka okanye eyonakalisa iindonga zemithambo yegazi inokubangela oku. Njengoko sikhula kwaye sinesifo sentliziyo, imithambo yethu ilahlekelwa bubuthambile bayo. Emva koko, ayikwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo lwegazi elihamba kuyo, kwaye iqala ukudumba kwiindawo ezibuthathaka.
Kukho izizathu ezininzi eziphambili ezichaphazela le meko:
- I-Atherosclerosis: Siyibiza nje le nto ngokuthi "yi-fat deposits kwimithambo yegazi." Ngale ndlela, izinto ezifana ne-cholesterol zinokuqokelelana kwiindonga zemithambo yegazi, ziyenze iqine kwaye zenze buthathaka.
- I-Aortitis: Oku kukudumba kwe-aorta. Kunokubangelwa zizifo ezithile okanye iingxaki zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
- Isifo se-aortic valve ye-Bicuspid: Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, esi sisifo sokuzalwa se-valve yentliziyo. Abantu abanale meko basengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa yi-aortic.
- Iingxaki zeMfuzo:
- I-Marfan Syndrome: Isifo esenza buthathaka izicubu zomzimba ezidityanisiweyo.
- Isifo sikaLoeys–Dietz: Esinye isifo esibangelwa lufuzo esinokubangela ukwanda kwe-aorta.
- I-Turner Syndrome: Imeko yemfuza echaphazela abasetyhini kuphela kwaye inokubangela iingxaki kwinkqubo yentliziyo.
- Ukulimala Okubuhlungu: Ingozi enkulu okanye ukubethwa esifubeni kunokonakalisa kwaye kukrazule udonga lwe-aorta.
Zithini iimpawu zoku? Uzibona njani?
Eli licala elingabonakaliyo neliyingozi lesi sifo. Abantu abaninzi abanazo iimpawu. Ungangabonakali de i-aneurysm ikhule kancinci kancinci.
Nangona kunjalo, njengoko i-aneurysm ikhula okanye icinezela amalungu akufutshane, iimpawu ezithile zinokuvela. Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu, kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
- Intlungu yesifuba okanye intlungu kwindawo engasentla yomqolo: Le inokuba yintlungu enzulu necinezelayo.
- Ukukhwehlela okanye ukuphefumla: Ezi mpawu zinokwenzeka ukuba i-aneurysm icinezela indlela yomoya.
- Ubunzima bokuginya: Oku kusenokuba kubangelwa kukucinezelwa kwe-aneurysm kwi-esophagus.
- Ukurhawuzela: Ilizwi linokutshintsha ngenxa yokucinezelwa kwemithambo-luvo elawula iintambo zelizwi.
- Ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo.
Ugqirha uluchonga njani ngokuchanekileyo olu sifo?
Amaxesha amaninzi, le meko ifunyanwa ngengozi ngexesha lovavanyo lwenye imeko. Umzekelo, ugqirha usenokufumanisa ukuba i-aorta ikhulile ngelixa ethatha i-X-ray yesifuba ngesinye isizathu.
Ukuba ugqirha ukrokrela oku, uza kukuthumela kwiimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo ukuqinisekisa oko aze amisele ubungakanani obuchanekileyo kunye nendawo ekuyo i-aneurysm.
| Uvavanyo | Yintoni le iyenzayo? |
|---|---|
| I-X-reyi yesifuba | Oku kunokunika umbono ocacileyo wokuba i-aorta ikhulisiwe na, kodwa kunzima ukubona i-aneurysm encinci. |
| I-Transthoracic Echocardiogram (TTE) | Oku kufana nokuskena kwentliziyo. Kusebenzisa amaza esandi ukubona indlela igazi elihamba ngayo entliziyweni kunye nendlela esebenza ngayo iivalvu zentliziyo. Kungajonga nokuqala kwe-aorta. |
| Iskeni se-CT sesifuba | Oku kunokuvelisa imifanekiso yesifuba enamacala amathathu (3D). Kungabonisa ngokucacileyo nokuba kukho i-aneurysm encinci kakhulu okanye umthambo wegazi oqhekekileyo (ukuqhekeka). Ngamanye amaxesha olu vavanyo lwenziwa ngokufaka ulwelo olukhethekileyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-contrast emthanjeni osengalweni. |
| I-MR Angiography (MRA) | Olu luvavanyo lwe-MRI. Lunceda ekufumaneni ulwazi oluneenkcukacha ezininzi malunga ne-aorta kunye nokusebenza kwentliziyo. |
Iphathwa njani?
Unyango luxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana nobukhulu be-aneurysm, ukuba ikhula ngokukhawuleza kangakanani, kunye nesizathu.
Kwi-aneurysms encinci (ngaphantsi kwe-5.5 cm)
Ukuba i-aneurysm incinci kune-5.5 centimeters kwaye awunazo ezinye izinto ezikhethekileyo ezinobungozi (ezifana neMarfan Syndrome), awuqhelekanga ukuthunyelwa kutyando ngoko nangoko. Endaweni yoko, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa oku kulandelayo:
- Amayeza: Kunikwa amayeza, ingakumbi ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi. Xa uxinzelelo lwegazi luphantsi, uxinzelelo olukwiindonga zemithambo yegazi nalo luyancitshiswa.
- Ukubekwa esweni rhoqo:Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa rhoqo emva kweenyanga ezi-6 ukuze kubonwe ukuba i-aneurysm iyakhula na. Ukuba ayikhuli ngokukhawuleza, ungayijonga rhoqo emva kweminyaka embalwa.
- Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila:
- Ukuba uyatshaya, kubalulekile ukuyeka ngoko nangoko .
- Ukutya ukutya okunempilo.
- Yenza umthambo olula ongafaki uxinzelelo olukhulu kwimithambo yegazi. Kufuneka uthethe nogqirha wakho ngale nto kwaye ucele iingcebiso.
Kwi-aneurysms ezinkulu (ezingaphezulu kwe-5.5 cm)
Ukuba i-aneurysm inkulu kune-5.5 centimeters, utyando ludla ngokucetyiswa, njengoko umngcipheko wokuqhekeka uphezulu kakhulu emva kolo bukhulu.
Nangona kunjalo, kubantu abaneengxaki ezifana neMarfan Syndrome, iBicuspid Aortic Valve, okanye imbali yosapho lwabo abane-aneurysms, oogqirha banokucebisa utyando nokuba i-aneurysm incinci. Oku kungenxa yokuba basengozini enkulu yokuqhekeka, nokuba i-aneurysm incinci.
Olu tyando lubandakanya ukuvula isifuba nokusika inxalenye ebuthathaka ye-aorta evuvukileyo. Emva koko , kufakwa i-graft endaweni yayo. Le yenziwe ngezinto eziqinileyo ezenziweyo. Ngexesha lotyando, umsebenzi wentliziyo nemiphunga udluliselwa okwethutyana kumatshini obizwa ngokuba yi-"cardiopulmonary bypass machine." Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba kukho isiphene sevalvu yentliziyo, olo tyando lwenziwa ngaxeshanye.
Injani imeko emva konyango? (Ingxelo yokuxela kwangaphambili)
Le yingxaki kubantu abaninzi.
Izifundo zibonise ukuba ama-79% abantu abenza utyando lokuzikhethela, okanye ama-79 kwabali-100, baphila ubomi obusempilweni ubuncinane iminyaka eli-10 emva konyango.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-aneurysm iyaqhambuka okanye iqhume, imeko imbi kakhulu. Ukuba utyando olungxamisekileyo alwenziwanga kwiiyure ezingama-48, malunga nesiqingatha sezigulane ezinjalo aziyi kusinda. Oku kubonisa ukubaluleka kokuqaphela le meko kwangethuba kwaye ufune unyango olufanelekileyo, nokuba akukho zimpawu.
Singenza ntoni ukuze sizikhusele kule meko?
Nangona singenakukwazi ukulawula ezinye izizathu zemfuza, zininzi izinto esinokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko.
- Indlela yokuphila enempilo: Ukutya ukutya okunesondlo kunye nokuzilolonga rhoqo.
- Lawula izinto ezibangela umngcipheko: Gcina ubunzima bakho, uxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye namanqanaba e-cholesterol ephantsi kolawulo. Sela amayeza ugqirha wakho awakuyalelayo ngala kanye njengoko eyalelwe.
- Lahla imikhwa emibi: Ukuba uyatshaya, yeka ngoko nangoko. Kuphephe ukusela utywala ngokugqithisileyo.
Ukuba unale mpawu, ungalibazisi nakancinci!
Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zokuqhekeka okanye ukuqhuma kwe-aneurysm. Ezi ziimeko ezingxamisekileyo zonyango. Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu , yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo lesibhedlele (ETU) ngokukhawuleza.
| Funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza! | |
|---|---|
| 🚨 | Intlungu ebuhlungu ngequbuliso, enganyamezelekiyo, esifubeni okanye emqolo ongasentla. |
| 🚨 | Ubunzima obukhulu bokuphefumla. |
| 🚨 | Ukukhohlela igazi. |
| 🚨 | Ukulahlekelwa zingqondo, isiyezi, okanye iimpawu zestroke (umz., ukugoba kwelinye icala lobuso, ubunzima bokuthetha). |
Imibuzo ebalulekileyo yokubuza ugqirha wakho
Kuqhelekile ukuba noloyiko xa ufumanisa ukuba unale meko. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba ucacelwe yimeko yakho. Ungalibali ukubuza le mibuzo xa undwendwela ugqirha wakho.
- Ingakanani i-aneurysm yam?
- Ndingenza ntoni ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuqhuma oku?
- Ingaba i-aneurysm iyanda? Ukuba kunjalo, ikhula ngokukhawuleza kangakanani?
- Lithini ithuba lokuba oku kuya kuqhuma?
- Ngaba ndiza kufuna utyando?
- Ukuba ndityandwa, zithini iingozi?
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Aneurysm ye-Aortic enyukayo kukuncipha nokuvuvukala kodonga lomthambo wegazi oyintloko wentliziyo. Le yimeko embi kakhulu eyenzeka buthule.
- Ixesha elininzi, akukho zimpawu, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuba abantu abaneengxaki zoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ukutshaya, imbali yosapho) bahlolwe rhoqo ngugqirha.
- Eyona ngozi inkulu ngale nto kukuba ingaqhuma ibangele ukulahleka kobomi.
- Ii-aneurysms ezincinci zifuna amayeza kunye nokuhlolwa rhoqo ngugqirha, ngelixa ezinkulu zinyangwa ngotyando.
- Ukuba ufumana iimpawu ezifana nentlungu yesifuba engxamisekileyo, enzima okanye ubunzima bokuphefumla, cinga ukuba yingxaki kwaye uye esibhedlele ngokukhawuleza.
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