Yintoni i-cholesterol?

Mhlawumbi ukhe weva nge -cholesterol ndaweni ithile, akunjalo? Mhlawumbi ugqirha wakho ukuxelele ngayo , okanye ukhe wayibona kwiphephandaba okanye kumabonwakude. Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba i-cholesterol yinto embi emizimbeni yethu. Kodwa ngaba oko kuyinyani ngokwenene?

Kwenzeka ntoni kwi-cholesterol emzimbeni wethu?

Ngamafutshane, i-cholesterol luhlobo lwamafutha emizimbeni yethu. Ngokwesayensi, "yi-lipid". Ekubeni la mafutha enganyibiliki emanzini, awanyibiliki egazini lethu, kodwa ahamba ngegazi ukuya kwinxalenye nganye yomzimba. Khawucinge nje, i-cholesterol ibalulekile ukuze imizimba yethu isebenze kakuhle. Ineenkonzo ezininzi emzimbeni wethu:

• I-cholesterol inceda ekwakheni udonga olukhuselayo olujikeleze iiseli ezincinci emzimbeni wethu, ezibizwa ngokuba zii-cell membranes . Ezi membranes zeseli zilawula oko kungena kwiseli noko kuphuma kwiseli. Njengesango.
• I-cholesterol inceda isibindi sethu ukuba senze i-bile . Njengoko usazi, le bile ibalulekile ekugayweni kakuhle kokutya esikutyayo.
• Kwakhona, i-cholesterol iyadingeka ukuze kwenziwe ezinye zeehomoni eziveliswa yimizimba yethu, ingakumbi iihomoni zesini , kunye ne-vitamin D.

Uyabona? I-cholesterol ayisiyonto imbi nje kuphela. Inceda imizimba yethu ukuba yenze izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo.

Ngoko ke, ukuba i-cholesterol iyimfuneko, kutheni sixhalabele kangaka ngayo?

Ewe, imizimba yethu ifuna umlinganiselo othile we-cholesterol ukuze isebenze. Nangona kunjalo, ingxaki kukuba xa sine-cholesterol eninzi kakhulu emizimbeni yethu. Njengokuba sisitya ukutya, ukuba sitya ngaphezu koko sikudingayo, siyagula. Ngokufanayo, xa i-cholesterol iphezulu, oko kukuthi, xa inqanaba le-cholesterol egazini liphezulu kunomlinganiselo ocetyiswayo (hyperlipidemia) okanye xa iintlobo zamafutha emzimbeni zingalingani (dyslipidemia), sinokuba neengxaki zempilo ezinzulu. Ngokukodwa, umngcipheko wokufumana isifo sentliziyo , oko kukuthi, isifo semithambo yegazi yentliziyo, uphezulu kakhulu.

Enyanisweni, malunga ne-80% ye-cholesterol esiyidingayo emzimbeni wethu yenziwa sisibindi sethu. Okunye kuvela ekutyeni esikutyayo. Ngokwesiqhelo, imizimba yethu inokucoca i-cholesterol egqithisileyo kwezi zinto zokutya. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha, le nkqubo ayisebenzi kakuhle, okanye isixa se-cholesterol esisidlayo ekutyeni esikutyayo siba sininzi kakhulu ukuba singasithwala.

Ngoko ke le cholesterol ingaphezulu ingena njani emzimbeni?

Kusenokuba nezizathu ezahlukeneyo zoku.

• Izizathu zofuzo:Abanye abantu banesifo semfuza esibizwa ngokuba yi-" Familial Hypercholesterolemia ". Umntu onesi sifo unobunzima bokususa i-cholesterol engafunekiyo egazini. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, i-cholesterol iyaqokelelana egazini kwaye amanqanaba ayo ayanda.
• Ukutya kwethu: Enye into ebalulekileyo kukutya esikutyayo . Ezinye zokutya esikutyayo zinokunyusa amanqanaba ethu e-cholesterol. Le ngxaki inokwenzeka xa sitya amafutha amaninzi agcweleyo avela kwimveliso yezilwanyana (umzekelo, inyama, ubisi, itshizi, ibhotolo) kunye namafutha e-trans (ahlala efumaneka ekutyeni okucutshungulwayo, ukutya okupakishwe kwiipakethe, kunye nokutya okukhawulezayo). Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuba silumke malunga noko sikutyayo.

I-cholesterol ihamba njani egazini lethu?

I-cholesterol ifumaneka phantse kuzo zonke iiseli emzimbeni wethu. Kodwa sithetha kakhulu kwaye sive nge-cholesterol esegazini. Ngenxa yendalo yayo yeekhemikhali, i-cholesterol ayinakuhamba egazini yodwa. Ke ngoko, kufuneka idityaniswe nezinye iinxalenye. Ngoko ke, i-cholesterol idibana neeproteni kunye nolunye uhlobo lwamafutha olubizwa ngokuba yi-triglycerides . Sibiza le nxalenye ikhethekileyo eyenziwe kukudityaniswa kwe-cholesterol, iiproteni, kunye ne-triglycerides ngokuba yi-lipoprotein .

Zithini ezi lipoproteins?

Cinga ngee-lipoprotein njengezithuthi ezincinci ezenziwe ngama-lipid kunye neeproteni. Ezi zithuthi zinokuhamba emzimbeni wonke ngegazi. Ngamanye amazwi, zifana neenqanawa ezithwala impahla ukusuka kwesinye isixeko ukuya kwesinye. Ezinye iinqanawa zithwala ukutya nezinye izinto eziyimfuneko ukuya kwisixeko. Kukho olunye uhlobo lwenqanawa oluthwala inkunkuma esixekweni.

Kunjalo nangaphakathi emizimbeni yethu. Kukho ii-lipoprotein ezithile ezithwala i-cholesterol kwiithishu ezahlukeneyo kunye neeseli emzimbeni. Le cholesterol ibalulekile emzimbeni. Kodwa ukuba iyanda kakhulu, ayilunganga. Yiyo loo nto sifuna ezinye iintlobo zee-lipoprotein ezithatha loo cholesterol igqithisileyo kwaye ziyisuse.

Mhlawumbi ukhe weva ngezi lipoprotein ngamagama azo. Zidla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-LDL cholesterol kunye ne-HDL cholesterol. Ezi zezona ntlobo zimbini ziphambili ze-cholesterol. Kodwa kukho ezinye iintlobo. Ngoko ke makhe sijonge ngokusondeleyo ukuba zeziphi ezi ntlobo ze-cholesterol kunye nento eziyenzayo emzimbeni.

Zeziphi ezi ntlobo zahlukeneyo ze-cholesterol esizibuzayo?

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-cholesterol emizimbeni yethu. Uvavanyo olujonga i-cholesterol egazini lakho lubizwa ngokuba yi-lipid profile.Ukuba wenza enye, uza kubona ukuba iintlobo ezininzi ze-cholesterol zidweliswe kuloo ngxelo. Wakuba uyazi ukuba uhlobo ngalunye luthetha ukuthini, kuya kuba lula kakhulu kuwe ukuthetha nogqirha wakho malunga ne-cholesterol.

I-cholesterol ye-LDL - ingaba le yi-cholesterol ebizwa ngokuba "yimbi"?

I-LDL cholesterol imele ii-Low-Density Lipoproteins . Ezi nxalenye zenziwe ikakhulu yi-cholesterol. Umsebenzi wezi LDL kukuthwala i-cholesterol kwiiseli zomzimba. Ii-LDL zibizwa ngokuba yi -cholesterol "embi" . Kutheni kunjalo?

I-LDL ibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni wethu. Kodwa ingxaki kukuba xa ijikeleza kakhulu egazini. Emva koko le cholesterol ye-LDL, kunye nezinye izinto, iqala ukuqokelelana kwimithambo yegazi yethu, oko kukuthi, kwiindonga zemithambo yegazi yethu. Sibiza umaleko otyebileyo wamafutha owakha ngale ndlela ngokuthi 'yi-plaque' . Ngokuhamba kwexesha, le plaque ikhula kancinci kancinci, inciphisa indawo ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi. Ukuqokelelana kwe-plaque kwiindonga zemithambo yegazi ngale ndlela kuthiwa yi -atherosclerosis . Le meko inyusa kakhulu umngcipheko wokufumana izifo eziyingozi ezifana nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kunye ne-stroke.

Ngoko ke kubalulekile ukugcina inqanaba le-cholesterol yakho ye-LDL liphantsi . Kumntu omdala oqhelekileyo, kungcono ukuyigcina ingaphantsi kwe-100 mg/dL (ii-milligrams nge-deciliter nganye). Ukuba unesifo esifana ne-atherosclerosis, esibangelwa kukuqokelelwa kwamafutha kwimithambo yakho yegazi, oogqirha bacebisa ukuba inqanaba le-cholesterol yakho ye-LDL lingaphantsi kwe-70 mg/dL.

I-cholesterol ye-HDL - ngoko ke ngaba le yi-cholesterol "elungileyo"?

I-cholesterol ye-HDL imele ii-High-Density Lipoproteins . Ezi lipoproteins zenziwe ikakhulu ziiproteni. I-HDL yaziwa njenge -cholesterol "elungileyo" . Oku kungenxa yokuba i-HDL ithatha i-cholesterol egqithisileyo egazini ize iyibuyisele esibindini. Emva koko isibindi siyayiqhekeza i-cholesterol size siyisuse emzimbeni. Le nkqubo ibalulekileyo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-reverse cholesterol transport.

Inqanaba le-cholesterol yakho ye-HDL yinto ofuna ukuyigcina iphezulu . Ukuba uyindoda, kufuneka ujonge ukugcina inqanaba le-HDL yakho liyi-40 mg/dL ubuncinane. Ukuba ungumfazi, kufuneka ujonge ukugcina i-50 mg/dL ubuncinane.

Kubo bonke abantu abadala, inqanaba le-HDL elingaphezulu kwe-60 mg/dL lithathwa njengelilungileyo kakhulu. Likwanceda ekunciphiseni umngcipheko wesifo sentliziyo.

Ngaba ikho into efana ne-VLDL cholesterol?

Ewe, i-VLDL cholesterol imele ii- Very Low-Density Lipoproteins.I-VLDL ikakhulu ithwala ii-triglycerides (olunye uhlobo lwamafutha) kunye ne-cholesterol. Ineproteni encinci kunezinye iintlobo. Njenge-LDL, i-VLDL ithathwa njenge "mbi" kuba inokubangela ukwakheka kwe-plaque kwimithambo yethu.

Ngamafutshane, i-cholesterol elungileyo (i-HDL) inceda ukususa i-cholesterol embi (izinto eziyingozi kwi-LDL kunye ne-VLDL) egazini. I-cholesterol ye-LDL yeyona nto ibangela ukwakheka kwe-plaque kwimithambo yegazi.

Ziziphi izinto ezinokuchaphazela amanqanaba e-cholesterol yam?

Kukho izinto ezininzi ezichaphazela amanqanaba ethu e-cholesterol. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi:

• Ubudala: Njengoko sikhula, amanqanaba ethu e-cholesterol anokunyuka kancinci kancinci.
• Ukutya: Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, amafutha agcweleyo kunye namafutha e-trans ekutyeni esikutyayo anokunyusa amanqanaba e-LDL ("amabi") e-cholesterol yakho. Ukutya kancinci kwezi ntlobo zamafutha kunokunceda kakhulu ekunciphiseni i-cholesterol.
• Ukuzilolonga: Ukuzilolonga rhoqo, okuphakathi kunokunceda ukunyusa amanqanaba e-cholesterol yakho ye-HDL (“elungileyo”). Zama ukwenza ubuncinci imizuzu engama-30 yomsebenzi womzimba ophakathi phantse iintsuku ezininzi zeveki.
• Ilifa: Izakhi zofuzo zakho nazo zidlala indima kwinani le-cholesterol eyenziwa ngumzimba wakho. Kwezinye iintsapho, i-cholesterol ephezulu inokusebenza kwiintsapho.
• Isini kunye neehomoni: Ngaphambi kokuya exesheni, abafazi badla ngokuba namanqanaba aphantsi e-cholesterol iyonke kunamadoda. Nangona kunjalo, emva kokuya exesheni, abafazi banokuba namanqanaba aphezulu e-cholesterol e-LDL ("embi") kunye namanqanaba aphantsi e-cholesterol e-HDL ("elungileyo").

Ngaba kufuneka ndihlolwe i-cholesterol yam? Ndingenza ntoni ukuba iphezulu?

Ewe, ewe! Kubalulekile ukuba wonke umntu aqaphele amanqanaba e-cholesterol yakhe. Ukuba kufuneka wenze uvavanyo lwe-cholesterol kangaphi, okanye i -lipid panel ekhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, kuxhomekeke kwiminyaka yakho kunye nezinye izinto ezinokubangela isifo sentliziyo (umz., isifo seswekile, uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, ukutshaya). Ngoko ke, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho wosapho uze ubuze ukuba kufuneka uhlolwe kangaphi oku. Ukwazi amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo onokuzithatha ukuze uzikhusele kwisifo sentliziyo kwixesha elizayo.

Khawucinge nje, ukuba ingxelo ithi inqanaba lakho le-cholesterol liphezulu, ungoyiki. Ugqirha uza kukunika unyango olufunekayo. Iindlela eziphambili zonyango zezi:

• Utshintsho kwindlela yokutya: Oku kuthetha ukwamkela ukutya okunempilo okune-cholesterol ephantsi, amafutha aphantsi, i-fiber ephezulu, kunye neziqhamo nemifuno ephezulu.
• Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila:Izinto ezifana nokuzilolonga rhoqo, ukulawula ubunzima bakho, kunye nokuyeka ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo.
• Amayeza: Abanye abantu banokuba nobunzima bokulawula i-cholesterol yabo ngokutya ukutya nokuzilolonga kuphela. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ugqirha wakho unokukunika amayeza okunciphisa i-cholesterol, njengee-statins.

Kwabaninzi abantu, indibaniselwano yezi ndlela yeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokulawula i-cholesterol. Kodwa ukuze ufumane ukuba yeyiphi indlela efanelekileyo kuwe, kufuneka ujonge amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol kwaye uthethe nogqirha.

Ngoko ke, ukuba awukamboni ugqirha ixesha elide, ngokuqinisekileyo yiya kujonga impilo yakho. Yiya kuhlolwa ngokweshedyuli kagqirha wakho. Hlala unolwazi malunga ne-cholesterol yakho, uxinzelelo lwegazi, kunye namanqanaba eswekile egazini, eziziimpawu zempilo yentliziyo yakho kunye nemithambo yegazi. Khumbula, akukabi kudala kakhulu ukucinga ngempilo yentliziyo yakho. Kubalulekile ukuqala ukucinga ngento onokuyenza ukuze uyigcine isempilweni namhlanje.

Ngoko ke, sithini isigidimi esifanele sisikhumbule kuzo zonke ezi zinto?

I-cholesterol luhlobo lwamafutha oludlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu emizimbeni yethu kwaye lubalulekile kuthi. Ukuze siphile ubomi obusempilweni, kufuneka sibe nomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo we-cholesterol emizimbeni yethu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ne-cholesterol eninzi egazini ngokuqinisekileyo kunokuba yingozi kwimpilo yakho. Yiyo loo nto kubaluleke kakhulu ukujonga amanqanaba e-cholesterol yakho rhoqo kwaye uthethe nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba loo maxabiso athetha ukuthini.

Khumbula, ngokutya ukutya okunempilo, ukuzilolonga rhoqo, nokulandela icebiso likagqirha wakho, ngokuqinisekileyo unokulawula amanqanaba akho e-cholesterol kwaye uphile ubomi obusempilweni nobanelisayo. Uyaqonda? Ngoko ke, masiyinyamekele le nto ukususela namhlanje!