Ngubani ugqirha owenza utyando lwentliziyo? (Ugqirha wentliziyo) Masifunde ngale nto!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba ngubani esifanele simbone xa kufuneka senze utyando lwengxaki yentliziyo? Okanye ngubani ugqirha owenza utyando lokusindisa intliziyo kwimeko engxamisekileyo, kwaye wenza ntoni kanye kanye? Omnye umntu obaluleke kangaka ngugqirha wentliziyo. Namhlanje, masithethe ngokuba ngubani lo gqirha wentliziyo kwaye wenza ntoni.

Yintoni utyando lwentliziyo?

Ngamafutshane, naluphi na utyando olwenziwa entliziyweni yakho okanye kwimithambo yegazi emikhulu edibana nayo lubizwa ngokuba lutyando lwentliziyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, lunokubandakanya utyando kwizicubu ezikufutshane nentliziyo okanye ezinye izinto. Cinga ngayo, intliziyo ifana nomatshini omncinci emzimbeni wethu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyigcina isebenza ngokufanelekileyo! Ke ngoko, olu tyando kufuneka lwenziwe ngononophelo olukhulu kunye nobuchule.

Ngaba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zoogqirha bentliziyo?

Ewe, singabahlulahlula kakhulu oogqirha bentliziyo babe ziintlobo ezimbini. Nangona kukho ukufana okuninzi kumsebenzi abawenzayo, bahlulwe ngolu hlobo ngenxa yomahluko omkhulu.

Ugqirha wentliziyo

Aba gqirha ngamanye amaxesha babizwa ngokuba ziingcali zotyando lwentliziyo okanye oogqirha besifuba abaqhelekileyo . Igama lesiGrike elithi 'Thoracic' lithetha 'isifuba'. Ngoko ke, njengoko igama lisitsho, aba gqirha benza utyando kumalungu amaninzi esifubeni. Umzekelo, benza utyando entliziyweni nakwimithambo yegazi yayo emikhulu, emiphungeni, emqaleni , othwala ukutya kusuka emlonyeni wakho ukuya esiswini sakho, nakwi -trachea .

Nangona kunjalo, abanye oogqirha besifuba banokugxila kuphela kwizifo ezinxulumene nentliziyo, ingxowa ejikeleze intliziyo (i-pericardium), kunye nemithambo yegazi emikhulu yentliziyo. Abanye banokuba ziingcali kuphela kwizifo zesifuba ngaphandle kwentliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi emikhulu.

Ugqirha weNtliziyo wokuzalwa/wabantwana

Aba gqirha bagxile ekulungiseni iingxaki zesakhiwo okanye iziphene entliziyweni ezikhoyo ekuzalweni. Umzekelo, abanye abantwana bazalwa beneengxaki zeevalvu zentliziyo okanye imingxunya eludongeni phakathi kwamagumbi entliziyo (njengeVentricular Septal Defect okanye iAtrial Septal Defect) . Aba ngabantu abakhoyo ukulungisa izinto ezinjalo.

Abanye oogqirha benza olu tyando kubantu abadala – kuba ngamanye amaxesha isifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso sifunyanwa kuphela xa umntu emdala. Nangona kunjalo, abanye baqeqeshwe ngokukodwa ukwenza olu tyando kubantwana abancinci, iintsana, kunye neentsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa. Umsebenzi wabo ukhethekile kakhulu, kwaye bambalwa kakhulu oogqirha bentliziyo babantwana xa kuthelekiswa nabo basebenza kubantu abadala kuphela. Ngenxa yokuba lo ngumsebenzi onzima kangaka, ufuna uqeqesho olukhethekileyo kunye namava amaninzi.

Kufuneka amava noqeqesho olungakanani ukuze ube ngugqirha wentliziyo?

Enyanisweni, imfundo noqeqesho olufunekayo ukuze ube ngugqirha wentliziyo lukhulu kakhulu . Kuthatha ubuncinane iminyaka eli-15. Ezinye izifundo zotyando lwentliziyo zinokuthatha iminyaka engaphezu kwama-20. Khawuthelekelele ukuzinikela! Kufana nokubaleka i-marathon, kodwa kwiminyaka emininzi.

Wonke ugqirha wentliziyo kufuneka enze oku kulandelayo:

• Kufuneka ugqibe isidanga seBachelor kwiminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemine.
• Emva koko, kufuneka ufunde iminyaka emine kwisikolo sezonyango kwaye ufumane isidanga sezonyango (uGqirha wezonyango okanye isidanga seGqirha we-Osteopathic Medicine) .

Emva koko, kuya kufuneka ukhethe enye yezi zimbini:

• Isithuba sokuhlala iminyaka emihlanu emva kotyando oluqhelekileyo , kulandele iminyaka emibini okanye emithathu emva kotyando lwentliziyo.
• Okanye, i -Integrated Cardiothoracic Surgery Residency (ICTSR) yeminyaka emithandathu.

Ukuze ube nguGqirha weNtliziyo ozelwe ebuntwaneni, kufuneka ugqibe unyaka woqeqesho olukhethekileyo (iFellowship). Oko kuthetha ukuba ungacinga ukuba uchitha ixesha elingakanani ufunda, uqeqesha kwaye ufumana amava. Konke oku kwenzelwa ukuba ube ngumntu ongcono onokukhathalela intliziyo yakho.

Zeziphi izifo ezinyangwa ngugqirha wentliziyo?

Ugqirha wentliziyo unokunyanga nasiphi na isifo, imeko, okanye ukwenzakala okufuna utyando ukuze kulungiswe okanye kulungiswe . Oku kunokusukela ekwenzenikala okubangelwa yingozi - cinga ngengozi yemoto, inxeba lokuhlatywa, okanye inxeba lokudutyulwa - ukuya ekulungiseni umonakalo wentliziyo obangelwa sisifo okanye imeko yokuzalwa. Ezinye zeemeko eziphambili ezifuna ugqirha wentliziyo zezi:

• Izifo zevalvu yentliziyo.
• Iingxaki zeSingqisho seNtliziyo (iiArrhythmias) .
• Ukungaphumeleli kwentliziyo ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo.
• Ukuqhaqha kwe-Aortic .
• Iziphene zentliziyo ezizalwa nazo ezifana nemingxunya ephakathi kwamagumbi entliziyo - umzekelo , i-Ventricular Septal Defect kunye ne-Atrial Septal Defect .

Zeziphi iinkqubo zotyando kunye neenkqubo ezenziwa ngoogqirha bentliziyo?

Oogqirha bentliziyo benza uluhlu olubanzi lweenkqubo zotyando kunye nezonyango. Ezinye zezona zixhaphakileyo ziquka:

• Inkqubo yeMaze - Oku kwenziwa xa kukho ukungahambelani kwesantya sentliziyo.
• Ukufakelwa kweCoronary Artery Bypass (CABG) - Sikwabiza oku ngokuthi 'yi-bypass'. Oku kuquka ukudala iindlela ezintsha xa imithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi entliziyweni ivaliwe.
• Utyando lwesifo sentliziyo esizalwa naso.
• Ukulungiswa kwevalvu yentliziyo kunye notyando lokutshintshwa kwayo.
• Ukufaka izixhobo entliziyweni - umzekeloIzinto ezifana (neePacemakers) kunye (neeICDs ezifakelwa kwiCardioverter Defibrillators) . Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ezi zinokwenziwa ngugqirha ogxile kumsebenzi wombane wentliziyo (iElectrophysiology) .
• Utyando lwe- hypertrophic cardiomyopathy .
• Ukufakelwa Intliziyo - Olu lutyando oluntsonkothileyo kakhulu.

Oogqirha baqeqeshwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokwenza uhlobo olufanayo lotyando. Ezi zingabandakanya:

• Utyando Olungenabungozi Kakhulu: Olu lufana notyando oluvulekileyo oluqhelekileyo, kodwa lwenziwa ngokusikwa okuncinci kakhulu kunye nezixhobo ezikhethekileyo. Ukusikwa okuncinci kubangela ukuphola ngokukhawuleza, iintlungu ezincinci, ukopha okuncinci, kunye neengozi eziphantsi ngokubanzi.
• Utyando oluncediswa yirobhothi: Ugqirha oqeqeshwe ngokukodwa angenza utyando ngoncedo lwerobhothi. Khawuthelekelele uhleli kwiphaneli yokulawula kufutshane netafile yokusebenza, ugqirha 'eqhuba' irobhothi. Utyando lwenziwa kusetyenziswa izixhobo ezinamathele kwiingalo zerobhothi. Ikhamera ekhethekileyo kwirobhothi ifakwa emzimbeni ngomngxunya omnye, ovumela ugqirha ukuba abone ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Oku kudla ngokubonakala kwiimilinganiselo ezintathu (3-D) , kanye njengokuba sibona ihlabathi ngamehlo ethu. Ayipheleli apho, irobhothi ikwenza kube lula ukuba ugqirha asebenzise izixhobo ngaphakathi emzimbeni, kwaye ububanzi bokuhamba kwengalo bukhulu (ezinye izixhobo zinokujikeleza ii-degrees ezingama-360, nto leyo inkulu kakhulu kunengalo kagqirha). Le teknoloji yenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukwenza utyando ngokuchanekileyo ngakumbi.

Zithini iimbopheleleko zogqirha wentliziyo ngaphandle kokwenza utyando?

Ugqirha wentliziyo akangomntu owenza utyando nje kuphela. Imisebenzi yakhe ikwaquka (kwaye ayipheleli nje) kwezi zilandelayo:

• Ukugcina iirekhodi: Kufuneka ugcine iirekhodi ezineenkcukacha kunye namanqaku malunga notyando olwenzayo kunye noko ukwenzayo ngelo xesha. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwabanye oogqirha nakwixesha elizayo.
• Ukufundisa: Iingcali ezininzi zotyando lwentliziyo zisebenza kwizibhedlele zokufundisa. Oku kuthetha ukuba ngelixa bebona izigulana, bafundisa oogqirha kunye neengcali zexesha elizayo ngotyando lwentliziyo kunye nendlela oluchaphazela ngayo izigulana.
• Uqeqesho: Aba gqirha baqhelisela nabanye oogqirha, oogqirha botyando, kunye nabasebenzi begumbi lotyando, njengabadlali abaqhelisela umdlalo, ukuze bakwazi ukwenza utyando ngokutyibilikayo nangokukhuselekileyo.
• Imfundo Eqhubekayo Noqeqesho: Ogqirha bonke kufuneka baqhubeke nokufunda nokwenza izinto ezintsha. Njengoko isayensi yezonyango iqhubeka imihla ngemihla, kufuneka bahlale benolwazi ngeendlela ezintsha zotyando kunye namayeza amatsha. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimithetho yelizwe labo okanye yelizwe labo, banokuba neemfuno ezithile ekufuneka bazifezekise. Ukuba abazifezekisi ezi mfuno, banokulahlekelwa yilayisenisi yabo yokusebenza kwezonyango. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu.Oku kuquka imfundo engqongqo yesiqinisekiso sebhodi kunye neemviwo. Ezinye iimviwo zihlala iiyure, kwaneentsuku.

Kutheni kufuneka uye kugqirha wentliziyo? Yintoni onokuyilindela?

Utyando lwentliziyo ludla ngokuba yinto enzulu kakhulu . Ludla ngokwenziwa xa kungekho ndlela ingcono – oko kukuthi, xa kungekho ndlela ikhuselekileyo nesebenzayo yokukunceda.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, uya kuba nexesha lokufunda ngotyando lwentliziyo oza kulwenza, into omawuyilindele, kunye nendlela yokuzilungiselela. Ugqirha uza kukuchazela yonke into.

Kodwa xa kukho imeko engxamisekileyo, unokufuna utyando lwentliziyo ngaphandle kokulibazisa. Kwimeko enjalo, ugqirha uza kuthetha nosapho lwakho, abantu obathandayo, okanye umntu onokukuthethela aze enze izigqibo zonyango. Ugqirha uza kwenza konke okusemandleni akhe ukukunceda uqonde okwenzekayo, isizathu sokuba udinga utyando, kunye nento omawuyilindele.

Ngaba udinga ingcebiso yokubona ugqirha wentliziyo?

Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo. Ukuze ubone ugqirha wentliziyo, udinga isalathiso . Loo salathiso sidla ngokuba sivela kwingcali yentliziyo okanye kwenye ingcali. Oku kuthetha ukuba omnye ugqirha okanye ingcali ngowokuqala ukubona imeko okanye ingxaki efuna utyando. Kwimeko engxamisekileyo, ugqirha okanye ingcali esemsebenzini inokuxoxa ngemeko yakho nogqirha wentliziyo osemsebenzini, ikucebise ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, kwaye ikucebise ngenkqubo yonyango engcono kuwe.

Ukufuna utyando lwentliziyo kunokuba ngamava othusayo nanzima . Ngethamsanqa, akufuneki udlule kulo wedwa. Emva kwesigulana ngasinye esifuna utyando lwentliziyo kukho iqela lababoneleli bezempilo kunye neengcali, ukusuka kwiingcali kunye nabasebenzi abancedisayo ukuya kubahlengikazi, iingcali kunye noogqirha. Ukuba ngugqirha wentliziyo kukuzinikela okukhulu , ngumsebenzi onzima kakhulu, kwaye ngabona bangcono kuphela abanokukufikelela apho. Oko kuthetha ukuba iqela elikhulu leengcali zonyango ezinezakhono, eziqeqeshweyo, ezifundileyo nezinomdla ezenza konke okusemandleni azo ukukunceda uphile kwaye ubuyele ebomini bakho.

Ngoko ke, zeziphi izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka sizikhumbule kweli bali?

Ugqirha otyanda intliziyo ngugqirha oqeqeshwe kakhulu owenza utyando entliziyweni nakwimithambo yegazi ephambili enxulumene nayo.

• Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zazo, ezinye zenza utyando phantse kuzo zonke iindawo zesifuba (Cardiothoracic Surgeon) , ngelixa ezinye zigxile kwizifo zentliziyo ezizalwa nazo (Congenital/Pediatric Heart Surgeon) .
• Ukuba ngugqirha wentliziyo kufuna ixesha elide lokufunda nokuqeqeshwa, mhlawumbi iminyaka eli-15-20.Ewe. Kufuna ukuzinikela okukhulu.
• Zinyanga iimeko ezininzi, kuquka isifo se-heart valve, i-arrhythmias , iimeko zentliziyo, kunye neziphene zentliziyo ezizalwa nazo.
• Benza utyando lwe-bypass (CABG) , batshintsha iivalvu, kwaye ngoku benza utyando olungenasithintelo kangako noluncediswa yirobhothi .
• Ukongeza ekwenzeni utyando, imisebenzi yabo iquka ukugcina iirekhodi, ukufundisa abanye, nokuqhubeka nokufunda izinto ezintsha.
• Nangona utyando lwentliziyo luyinto enzulu, khumbula ukuba uneqela loogqirha abanezakhono zokukunceda. Ngokwesiqhelo uya kufumana isalathiso sokubonana nogqirha wentliziyo ovela kwingcali yentliziyo .

Ngoko ke, ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luza kukunceda. Ukuba uneminye imibuzo, ungathandabuzi ukubuza ugqirha! Ukunyamekela intliziyo yakho kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ugqirha Wentliziyo , Utyando Lwentliziyo, Isifo Sentliziyo, Utyando Lokudlula Kwindlela Ethile, Utyando Lwentliziyo, Ugqirha Wentliziyo, Utyando Lwentliziyo LwaseCongenital, I-CABG, I-Pacemaker