Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba umkhuhlane okanye i-flu iphela njani kwiintsuku ezimbalwa? Okanye indlela yokugonyelwa kwabantwana esikhusela ngayo kwizifo ezithile ubomi bethu bonke? Emva kwayo yonke le nto kukho umkhosi omncinci kodwa onamandla kakhulu ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu, ongabonakaliyo emehlweni. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesosha elikhethekileyo kakhulu kuloo mkhosi. Ezo zii -B cells .
Ngamafutshane, ngoobani la ma-B cell?
Iiseli ze-B luhlobo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi emzimbeni wethu. Ngokuchanekileyo, luhlobo olukhethekileyo lweeseli ezikwiqela leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezibizwa ngokuba zii-lymphocytes. Khawuthelekelele ukuba umzimba wethu lilizwe elikhulu. Emva koko inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba ngumkhosi wokhuselo welo lizwe. Kukho amaqela ahlukeneyo kulo mkhosi. Ngokufanayo, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela yomzimba.
Phakathi kwezi, ii-B cells zinoxanduva olubaluleke kakhulu. Oko kukuthi, zivelisa izixhobo zokulwa neentshaba ezifana neentsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya ezingena emizimbeni yethu. Kwizonyango, ezi zixhobo sizibiza ngokuba zii-antibodies . Ezi proteni zibizwa ngokuba zii-antibodies zisetyenziselwa ukutshabalalisa iintsholongwane ezibangela izifo ezingena emizimbeni yethu.
Kunye nee-B cells, elinye ilungu elibalulekileyo lenkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba zii-T cells. Ngelixa ii-B cells zifana neefektri ezenza izixhobo, ii-T cells zifana nabalawuli abaya ngqo kwidabi ukuze batshabalalise iintshaba okanye baqondise idabi. Zikunye, ezi zimbini zisikhusela kwizifo.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeeseli ze-B.
Njengakwimikhosi yethu yokhuseleko, kukho amaqela ee-B cells enza imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini ikakhulu.
| Uhlobo lweseli B | Umsebenzi owenziwayo |
|---|---|
| Iiseli zePlasma | Aba "ngabavelisi bezixhobo." Xa intsholongwane ingena emzimbeni, ezi seli zivelisa inani elikhulu lee-antibodies zokulwa nayo. Ubusazi na ukuba iseli enye yeplasma inokuvelisa malunga nee-antibodies ezingama-2,000 ngomzuzwana? Yiyo loo ndlela aba bantu abasebenza ngayo. Kodwa ubomi babo bufutshane kancinci. |
| Iiseli zeMemori | Ezi "ziintlola" okanye "abagcini beengxelo." Oko kwenziwa zezi seli kukukhumbula iinkcukacha zotshaba ngalunye (intsholongwane) olungena emzimbeni. Oko kukuthi, ukuba intsholongwane engene emzimbeni yakubuya, ezi seli zememori ziyayiqonda ngokukhawuleza kwaye zazise inkqubo yomzimba ngayo. Emva koko iiseli zeplasma zinokwenza ngokukhawuleza ii-antibodies ezifunekayo kwaye zitshabalalise olo tshaba ngaphambi kokuba lubangele isifo. Izitofu esikunika zona ziyasebenza kuba zivuselela inkumbulo yezi seli zememori. |
Khawucinge ukuba wawunesifo semasisi usengumntwana. Okanye wagonyelwa isifo semasisi. Iiseli zememori B emzimbeni wakho ziyayikhumbula kakuhle intsholongwane yemasisi. Ukuba intsholongwane yemasisi izama ukungena emzimbeni wakho kwakhona, ezi seli zememori ziyayiqonda kwangoko nje ukuba ziyibone kwaye zithumele umyalezo kumkhosi. Ngenxa yoko, awuyi kuphinda ufumane isifo semasisi. Elo likhono elimangalisayo lezi seli zememori.
Inkqubo emangalisayo esebenza ngayo ii-B cells
Indlela ii-B cells ezisabela ngayo xa intsholongwane ingena emzimbeni iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kwaye iyamangalisa. Masiyiqonde ngamanyathelo ambalwa alula.
1. Ukuchonga utshaba: Okokuqala, "iseli yomlindi" (iseli eveza i-Antigen - i-APC) kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba ibamba utshaba (intsholongwane/iibhaktheriya) olungene emzimbeni. Phezu kwezi ntshaba, kukho uphawu olukhethekileyo olunokuzibona. Lubizwa ngokuba yi-antigen . Lufana netattoo emzimbeni womgebenga. Iseli yomlindi ibamba olu tshaba ize ibonise i-antigen (tattoo) yalo kumphezulu walo. Kufana nokubonisa wonke umntu ukuba "Lo lisela."
2. Ukwazisa abaphathi: Uphawu lotshaba oluboniswa ngolu hlobo lubonwa ngumphathi okhethekileyo kumkhosi wethu, oko kukuthi, iseli T encedisayo . Nje ukuba iseli T ikubone oku, iyasebenza. Nguye oza kunika umyalelo kwiiseli B.
3. Ukusebenza kweeseli ze-B: Iseli ye-T esebenzayo iyahamba ize inamathele kwiseli ye-B efanelekileyo, ithumele isignali "yokulungiselela imfazwe." Xa ifumana esi signali, iseli ye-B iqala ukwahlukana, isenza amawaka eekopi (ii-clones) zayo.
4. Ukwahlukana kube zii-force ezimbini: Ezinye zee-B cells ezibumbeka ngale ndlela ziba zii-plasma cells . Elinye icandelo liba zii-memory cells kwaye lilungele iimfazwe ezizayo.
5. Uhlaselo lwe-antibody:Xa sele zibe ziiseli zeplasma, ziqala ukuvelisa izigidi zee-antibodies ezenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuhlasela utshaba lokuqala. Ezi antibodies zifana nee-homing missiles. Ziyahamba zize zinamathele kwiintshaba emzimbeni wonke, zizitshabalalise okanye zizenze zingasebenzi. Le yindlela esiphila ngayo emva kokugula.
Ziphi ii-B cells eziveliswa emizimbeni yethu?
Xa sisesibelekweni sikamama wethu njengeembryo, iiseli ze-B ziveliswa esibindini. Kodwa emva kokuba sizelwe, iiseli ze-B ziveliswa kumongo wethu wethambo. Umongo wethambo yinxalenye ethambileyo yamathambo ethu amakhulu. Ezi seli ze-B ziveliswa kwiiseli ze-hematopoietic stem apho. Emva kokuba zivuthiwe, ezi seli ze-B ziyahamba ziye kwi-spleen nakwii-lymph nodes, eziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yethu ye-lymphatic, kwaye zibika umsebenzi wazo.
Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba umsebenzi wee-B cells uyaphazamiseka?
Inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela ayisoloko isebenza kakuhle. Ngamanye amaxesha, utshintsho kumsebenzi wee-B cells lunokubangela izifo ezinzulu.
| Udidi lwezifo | Kwenzeka ntoni kunye nemizekelo |
|---|---|
| Izifo ezichaphazela umzimba | Le yimeko ebuhlungu kakhulu. Okwenzekayo apha kukuba iiseli zethu ze-B azikwazi ukwahlula "umhlobo kutshaba." Oko kukuthi, iiseli ze-B ziqala ukwenza ii-antibodies ezichasene neeseli zethu eziphilileyo. Kufana nokuba umkhosi wethu uyasihlasela. Imizekelo:
|
| Umhlaza | Ngamanye amaxesha, ngenxa yokungaqheleki kweeseli ze-B, ziqala ukwahlukana ngokungalawulekiyo. Oku kuqokelelana kwamanani amakhulu eeseli ze-B ezingaqhelekanga kunokukhokelela kumhlaza. Imizekelo:
|
Uyazi njani ukuba inqanaba leeseli zakho ze-B liqhelekile?
Umntu omdala oqhelekileyo unee-lymphocyte eziphakathi kwe-1,000 kunye ne-4,800 kwi-microliter yegazi. Kwezi lymphocyte, phakathi kwe-10% kunye ne-20% zii-B cells.
Uvavanyo lwegazi olupheleleyo (CBC) olwenziwa ngugqirha wakho lunokukunika umbono wenani lilonke lee-lymphocytes emzimbeni wakho. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufuna ulwazi malunga nee-B cells zakho, kuya kufuneka wenze uvavanyo olukhethekileyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-lymphocyte profile . Ngokusekelwe kwezi ziphumo zovavanyo, ngugqirha wakho kuphela onokumisela ukuba amanqanaba e-B cell yakho aphezulu okanye aphantsi kwaye yintoni unobangela. Ngoko ke ukuba unenkxalabo malunga novavanyo lwakho lwegazi, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha wakho.
Sigcina njani amajoni ethu omzimba kunye neeseli ze-B ziqinile?
Akukho nyango lumangalisayo lokunyusa inani leeseli ze-B ngokwendalo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokugcina inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela iphilile kwaye inamandla, sinokunceda iiseli zethu ze-B zenze umsebenzi wazo ngokufanelekileyo. Nangona ezi zinto zinokubonakala ngathi zizinto ezilula kuwe, zibaluleke kakhulu ekuthinteleni ukhuselo lwethu ukuba lungasebenzi kakhulu.
- Fumana zonke iigonyo ezicetyiswayo: Iigonyo zezona ndlela zibalaseleyo zokuqeqesha iiseli zethu zememori B.
- Yitya ukutya okunesondlo esifanelekileyo: Faka ukutya okutyebileyo kwiivithamini kunye neeminerali, njengemifuno, iziqhamo kunye nemifuno eluhlaza.
- Lawula uxinzelelo: Uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo luyenza buthathaka inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Unganciphisa uxinzelelo ngezinto ezifana nokucamngca, ukuzilolonga, kunye nokwenza into oyithandayo.
- Ziphephe utywala nokutshaya: Ezi zinto ziyonakalisa ngokuthe ngqo inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
- Lala ngokwaneleyo: Ukulala kakuhle iiyure ezisi-7 ukuya kwezisi-8 ngosuku kubalulekile ukuze inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ikwazi ukuchacha.
- Zilolonge rhoqo: Ukwenza umthambo ophakathi ubuncinane imizuzu eli-150 ngeveki kulungile kakhulu kwimpilo yakho.
- Hlala ucocekile: Ukuhlamba izandla zakho rhoqo ngesepha kunokunceda ekuthinteleni ukusasazeka kweentsholongwane ezingafunekiyo.
Iiseli ze-B ziiqhawe ezincinci emizimbeni yethu ezisebenza buthule kodwa rhoqo. Ngaphandle kwazo, besingenakukwazi ukwenza ii-antibodies. Ngaphandle kwee-antibodies, nokuba ngumkhuhlane nje unokusenza sigule kakhulu. Ngoko ke, sonke masizame ukunyamekela ezi zikhuseli zethu zincinci kwaye sigcine amajoni ethu omzimba eqinile.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Iiseli ze-B luhlobo olukhethekileyo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi kwinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba evelisa ii-antibodies zokulwa neentsholongwane.
- Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zeeseli ze-B: iiseli zeplasma, ezilwa okwangoku, kunye neeseli zememori, ezikhumbula iintshaba.
- Iigonyo zisebenza ngokuvuselela iiseli zememori, ngaloo ndlela zisikhusela ekubeni singafumani eso sifo kwixesha elizayo.
- Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwee-B cells kunokukhokelela kwiimeko ezinzulu ezifana nezifo zokuzikhusela komzimba kunye nomhlaza.
- Ngokulandela indlela yokuphila esempilweni (ukutya okunempilo, ukulala, ukuzilolonga, ukulawula uxinzelelo) sinokugcina amasosha omzimba ethu omelele.
- Ukuba unenkxalabo malunga novavanyo lwegazi lakho okanye inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela, soloko uqhagamshelana nogqirha wakho.
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