Xa uphathwa sisisu emva kokutya into evela evenkileni, uzibuza uthi, "Owu, andazi ukuba ndinayo na intsholongwane," akunjalo? Okanye xa ugqirha esithi, "Olu lusulelo lwentsholongwane," siyoyika kancinci. Xa sisiva igama elithi 'intsholongwane', izinto ezimbi ezifana nezifo kunye neentsholongwane zifika engqondweni. Kodwa ubusazi ukuba ibali lokwenyani lahlukile kakhulu? Kweli hlabathi leentsholongwane, kukho abahlobo abalungileyo abasincedayo, kunye neentshaba eziyingozi ezisigulisayo. Namhlanje, masiqonde yonke into ngezi ntsholongwane ngendlela elula kakhulu, yencoko.
Zithini kanye kanye iibhaktheriya?
Ngamafutshane, iibhaktheriya zizinto eziphilayo ezincinci ezenziwe yiseli enye . Azibonakali emehlweni, kwaye zinokubonwa kuphela ngemakroskopu. Sibiza intsholongwane enye ngokuthi "yibhaktheriya".
Khawucinge nje, kukho iibhiliyoni zeebhaktheriya kulo lonke ihlabathi. Emhlabeni, emanzini, emoyeni, emizimbeni yezilwanyana, kwanangaphakathi nasemzimbeni wakho. Ewe, iibhaktheriya zihlala kuyo yonke indawo, eluswini lwakho, emlonyeni wakho, emakhaleni akho, emathunjini akho, kwindlela yakho yokuchama. Ngokutsho kwezazinzulu, sineeseli zebhaktheriya eziphindwe kalishumi kuneeseli zabantu emizimbeni yethu! Kuyamangalisa, akunjalo? Kodwa yinyani.
Ngaba zonke iintsholongwane zimbi? Ngaba zikhona iintsholongwane "ezilungileyo"?
Nantsi into abantu abaninzi abangayaziyo. Uninzi lweentsholongwane alusenzakalisi. Enyanisweni, ezinye iintsholongwane zibaluleke kakhulu emizimbeni yethu. Ezi ntsholongwane ziluncedo ezihlala emizimbeni yethu zezo sizibiza ngokuba "ziintsholongwane ezinobuhlobo" okanye "zii-microbiome". Kufana nomkhosi wabancedi abancinci ngaphakathi emizimbeni yethu.
Aba bantu bafumaneka kakhulu kulusu lwethu nakwinkqubo yethu yokugaya ukutya (amathumbu).
- Inceda ekugayweni kokutya: Ezinye zezinto esizityayo azikwazi ukugaywa yimizimba yethu. Ezi ntsholongwane zilungileyo ziyaziqhekeza ezo zinto zokutya, zize zincede umzimba ukuba ufunxe izondlo kuzo.
- Iivithamini zenziwa: Ezinye iivithamini, umzekelo ivithamin K kunye nezinye iivithamini ze-B, zenziwa zezi ntsholongwane emathunjini ethu.
- Ikhusela kwiintsholongwane ezimbi: Lo gama nje sinazo ezi ntsholongwane zilungileyo emathunjini ethu, asivumeli iintsholongwane ezimbi nezibangela izifo ezivela ngaphandle ukuba zingene zize zihlale lula. Njengokuba kunzima ukuba isela lingene endlwini yethu ngelixa silapho.
Zininzi ezi bhaktheriya zilungileyo kwizinto ezifana nobisi olungenamafutha kunye neyogathi esizityayo. Sikwabiza ngokuba yi-"Probiotics". Ezi zinceda kakhulu kwimpilo yamathumbu ethu.
Iintsholongwane "ezimbi" ezisigulisayo
Kunye neentsholongwane ezilungileyo, kukwakho neentlobo eziyingozi zeentsholongwane ezinokusibangela izifo. Ezi ntsholongwane sizibiza ngokuba ziintsholongwane ezibangela izifo , okanye `iintsholongwane ezibangela izifo`.
Xa ezi ntsholongwane zibangela izifo zingena emizimbeni yethu, ziyahlukana kwaye zisasazeke ngokukhawuleza. Njengoko zisasazeka, zivelisa iityhefu. Ezi tyhefu zibangela iimpawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane, iintlungu kunye nokuhlanza. Oku sikubiza ngokuba lusulelo lwentsholongwane .
Khawucinge nje ngokusela amanzi angacocwanga kakuhle, okanye ukutya inyama engaphekwanga kakuhle, kwaye uphathwe sisisu esibuhlungu kunye norhudo. Ixesha elininzi, unobangela ziintsholongwane ezifana ne-`(Escherichia coli)`.
Makhe sijonge ezinye zeentlobo eziqhelekileyo zeebhaktheriya ezimbi esizibonayo kwitheyibhile engezantsi.
| Uhlobo lweeBhaktheriya | Isifo Esiqhelekileyo Esibangelwa Yiyo |
|---|---|
| I-Streptococcus | Usulelo lomphimbo (umkhuhlane), usulelo lolusu |
| I-Staphylococcus | Amathumba esikhumba, usulelo lwe-staph |
| I-Escherichia coli (E. coli) | Ityhefu yokutya, urhudo, usulelo lomchamo |
| I-Bordetella pertussis | Umkhuhlane ohambayo |
| I-Chlamydia trachomatis | I-Chlamydia sisifo esidluliselwa ngesondo. |
Ngamanye amaxesha ezi ntsholongwane zimbi zinokungena egazini lethu. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yi-"Septicemia" okanye "ityhefu egazini." Oku kuyingozi kakhulu. Xa ezi ntsholongwane zisasazeka emzimbeni wonke ngegazi, inkqubo yomzimba yethu yokuzikhusela iba namandla kakhulu, nto leyo ebangela imeko embi nesongela ubomi ebizwa ngokuba yi-"Sepsis."
Oogqirha bazichonga njani ezi ntlobo zeebhaktheriya?
Xa unentsholongwane, ugqirha wakho unokukunika i-antibiotic. Kodwa ayizizo zonke iintsholongwane ezinyangwa ngendlela efanayo. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba zeziphi iintsholongwane ezibangela usulelo lwakho. Ukuze benze oku, izazinzulu kunye noogqirha basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokwahlula iintsholongwane.
1. Hlela ngokwemilo
Iintsholongwane zinemilo emithathu ephambili.
- I-Cocci: Ingqukuva, njengeebhola ezincinci.
- Imile okwentonga (iBacilli): Zinde, njengezinti ezincinci.
- IiSpirochetes: Zimile okwe-spiral, njengentambo.
2. Ngokweemfuno zeoksijini
- Ii-Aerobes: Ezi zinto ziphilayo zifuna ioksijini ukuze ziphile.
- IiAnaerobes: Aba bantu abahlali kwiindawo apho kukho ioksijini. Ioksijini ifana netyhefu kubo.
- I-Facultative: Aba bantu banokuphila bene-oxygen okanye bengenayo.
3. Uvavanyo olukhethekileyo olubizwa ngokuba yiGram Staining
Olu luvavanyo olubaluleke kakhulu olusetyenziswa ekuhleleni iintsholongwane. Lubandakanya ukongeza iikhemikhali ezikhethekileyo (iidayi) kwisampulu yentsholongwane. Ngokusekelwe kwindlela iintsholongwane ezisabela ngayo kwezi dayi, zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amabini aphambili. La ngamaqela ane-Gram-positive kunye ne-Gram-negative .
Apha, 'ukulunga' kunye 'nokungalungi' akuthethi 'ukulunga' okanye 'ububi'. Ziziphumo zovavanyo nje kuphela.
Ngenxa yokuba ulwakhiwo lodonga lweseli lwale ntlobo zimbini lwahlukile, zisabela ngokwahlukileyo kwimibala. Kwakhona, iintlobo zee-antibiotics ekufuneka zinikwe ezi ntlobo zimbini zahlukile.
| Uphawu | I-gram-positive | I-gram-negative |
|---|---|---|
| Umbala obonwe ngexesha lovavanyo | Luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye omfusa | Bomvu okanye pinki |
| Uhlobo lodonga lweseli | Isakhiwo esityebileyo nesilula | Isakhiwo esincinci, kodwa esintsonkothileyo |
| Imizekelo | I-Staphylococcus, iStreptococcus, iListeria | I-E. coli, i-Pseudomonas, i-Chlamydia |
Iintsholongwane kunye neebhaktheriya - yintoni umahluko?
Kulapho abantu abaninzi badideka khona. Iintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Nangona zombini zibangela ukugula, kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezi zimbini. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba unyango lwazo zombini zahlukile ngokupheleleyo.
| Ingongoma | Iintsholongwane | Iintsholongwane |
|---|---|---|
| Ingaba iyaphila? | Ewe, isilwanyana esineseli enye. Siyakwazi ukuzala ngokwaso. | Into ephakathi kokuphila nokungaphiliyo. Ukuze ivelise kwakhona, kufuneka ingene kwenye iseli ephilayo (iseli engumncedisi). |
| Ubungakanani | Zinkulu kuneentsholongwane. | Incinci kakhulu. Incinci kakhulu kunebhaktheriya. |
| Unyango | Ingatshatyalaliswa zii -antibiotics . | Ii-antibiotics azisebenzi!Kusetyenziswa amayeza okulwa neentsholongwane. |
Khumbula! Ukusela amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kwizifo ezininzi ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane ezifana nomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, kunye nomkhuhlane we-dengue akuncedi nganto. Kuya kulimaza umzimba kuphela kwaye kubangele ukuba iintsholongwane zingakwazi ukumelana namayeza okubulala iintsholongwane.
Ii-antibiotics kunye nokumelana okuyingozi
Xa sifumana usulelo lwebhaktiriya, amajoni omzimba wethu ayalulwa nalo. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha sifuna uncedo lwangaphandle ukuze siphumelele elo dabi. Kulapho ke amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane angena khona. La mayeza asebenza ngokutshabalalisa udonga lweeseli zebhaktiriya okanye onakalise i-DNA yazo ukuze zingakwazi ukuzala.
Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka silumke kakhulu xa sisebenzisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. Kuba xa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane esetyenziswa ngokugqithisileyo okanye ngendlela engafanelekanga, iintsholongwane ziqala ukuxhathisa loo mayeza. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"Antibiotic resistance".
Khawucinge nje ukuba xa siqhubeka sisebenzisa iyeza elifanayo, iintsholongwane 'ziyaqhelana' nalo mayeza kancinci kancinci. Kufana notshaba oluziqhelanisa nezixhobo zethu. Emva koko, nokuba sizinika iyeza, iintsholongwane aziyi kufa. `(MRSA - methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)` ngumzekelo wohlobo oluyingozi lweentsholongwane oluxhathisayo kumayeza anjalo.
Impazamo eyenziwa ngabantu abaninzi kwilizwe lethu kukuya kwikhemesti bacele i-antibiotic kwangoko xa benomkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane omncinci. Le yinto eyingozi kakhulu ukuyenza. Ukuba unentsholongwane, elo yeza aliyi kunceda konke konke. Kwakhona, xa usebenzisa la mayeza ngaphandle kwengcebiso kagqirha , iintsholongwane zingaqhelana nala mayeza, kwaye ngenye imini xa unentsholongwane enkulu, kunokubakho imeko apho kungekho yeza onokulisebenzisa.
Ngoko ke,
- Sebenzisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kuphela xa ugqirha ekunika imiyalelo .
- Sela amayeza owanikwe ngugqirha wakho ixesha elipheleleyo . Nokuba iimpawu zakho ziyaphucuka kwiintsuku ezimbalwa, sela amayeza ixesha elipheleleyo leentsuku owanikwe zona. Ukuba awukwenzi oko, iintsholongwane ezingakhange zife ngokupheleleyo zinokukhula emzimbeni wakho zize zikwazi ukumelana namayeza.
Amabali amangalisayo ngakumbi malunga neebhaktheriya
- Zizala njani iintsholongwane? Uninzi lweentsholongwane luzala ngenkqubo ebizwa ngokuba yi-"binary fission." Oku kuthetha ukuba iseli enye yentsholongwane yahlukana ibe zimbini, idala iiseli ezimbini ezintsha. Oku kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Yiyo loo nto usulelo lusasazeka ngokukhawuleza.
- Iintsholongwane ezitya iplastiki!Ngowama-2016, iqela lezazinzulu eJapan lafumanisa uhlobo lwebhaktiriya etya iibhotile zeplastiki (`Ideonella sakaiensis`). Iibhaktiriya zihlala zitya izinto eziphilayo. Kodwa le bhaktiriya iyayigaya ikhemikhali ethi ``(PET)`` eyenza iibhotile zeplastiki. Izazinzulu zinethemba lokuba iibhaktiriya ezinje ziya kubonelela ngesisombululo kwingxaki yenkunkuma yeplastiki ehlabathini.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Iintsholongwane zizinto eziphilayo ezincinci ezifumaneka kuyo yonke indawo. Uninzi lwazo alunabungozi kuthi, kwaye ezinye ziluncedo kakhulu kuthi.
- Iibhaktheriya ezilungileyo (i-microbiome) emathunjini ethu zibaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo yethu.
- Kukwakho neentsholongwane ezibangela izifo (iintsholongwane) ezibangela izifo. Sisebenzisa amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ukuzinyanga.
- Iintsholongwane neentsholongwane zizinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo. Ii-antibiotics azinamsebenzi kwizifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane ezifana nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo.
- Amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane afanele asetyenziswe kuphela xa enikwe ngugqirha. Ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uwathathe amayeza ixesha lonke elimiselweyo.
- Ungaze uthenge amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kwikhemesti ngokwakho okanye ngengcebiso yomnye umntu. Angabangela ingozi enkulu.
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