Xa ugqirha wathi, "Ndifuna ukunikela ngegazi," kusenokwenzeka ukuba waziva usoyika kwaye unexhala. Yinto eqhelekileyo leyo. Mhlawumbi wena okanye umntu kusapho lwakho ukhe wajongana namava afanayo. Ngoko ke, yintoni kanye kanye ukunikela ngegazi, okanye ngokwezonyango, utofelo-gazi? Ngaba kuyingozi? Namhlanje, masithethe ngale nto ngendlela elula eya kususa yonke imibuzo kunye noloyiko onalo ngayo.
Kalula nje, kuthetha ukuthini ukutofelwa igazi?
Ngamafutshane, ukunikela ngegazi yinkqubo yokunika igazi, okanye inxalenye yegazi, evela kumntu ophilileyo emzimbeni wakho ngetyhubhu encinci (njengesisombululo setyuwa, njengoko sonke sisazi) edibene nomthambo wakho. Igazi linikezelwa ngale ndlela ukuze lihlawulele ukungabikho kwegazi, nokuba kungenxa yokuncipha kobungakanani begazi emzimbeni wethu okanye ukuncipha kwenxalenye yegazi.
Silifuna nini igazi?
Ukunikela ngegazi ngamanye amaxesha kunokusindisa ubomi . Umzekelo, umntu olahlekelwe ligazi elininzi kwingozi enkulu okanye oza kwenziwa utyando olukhulu unokufuna igazi. Ukongeza, ezinye iimeko zonyango zifuna ukunikela ngegazi rhoqo. Nazi ezinye imizekelo:
- I-anemia: Ukuncipha okukhulu komthamo wegazi emzimbeni, ingakumbi inani leeseli ezibomvu zegazi.
- Umhlaza othile: Umhlaza kunye nonyango lwawo lunokunciphisa ukuveliswa kwegazi.
- I-Hemophilia: Imeko yelifa enciphisa amandla egazi okujiya.
- Isifo seSickle cell: Isifo esibangelwa kukutshintsha kwesimo seeseli ezibomvu zegazi.
Iinxalenye ezahlukeneyo zegazi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo
Ngamanye amaxesha, endaweni yegazi elipheleleyo, sinikwa kuphela iindawo ezithile zegazi. Oko kuxhomekeke kwinto umzimba wethu oyidingayo ngelo xesha. Masibone ukuba ziyintoni na kwaye kwenzeka ntoni kuzo.
| Icandelo leGazi | Oko ikwenzayo emizimbeni yethu (Umsebenzi) |
|---|---|
| Iiseli zegazi ezibomvu | Ezi zezona zithwala ioksijini emizimbeni yethu. Zonke izitho zomzimba, kuquka intliziyo nengqondo, azinakusebenza ngaphandle kweoksijini. |
| Iiplatelets | Aba ngabo banceda ekumiseni ukopha xa kukho ukwenzakala kwenye indawo, oko kukuthi, banceda ekuqhekekeni kwegazi. |
| Iplasma | Inxalenye engamanzi egazini. Iplasma ithwala izondlo ezifunekayo emzimbeni kunye neeproteni ezinceda ukujiya kwegazi. |
| I-Cryoprecipitate | Le yinxalenye eyahlulwe kwi-plasma ngokwayo. Iqulethe izinto ezithile ezifunekayo ukuze igazi lijiye. |
Kukhuselekile kangakanani ukunikela ngegazi?
Lo ngumbuzo omkhulu abantu abaninzi abanawo. Uloyiko lokuba "Ngaba kukhuselekile ukuba igazi lomnye umntu lifakwe emzimbeni wam? Ngaba ndiza kugula?"
Enyanisweni, ukunikela ngegazi yinkqubo ekhuselekileyo kakhulu kule mihla. Ukususela kwixesha umntu anikela ngalo igazi ukuya kwixesha olifumana ngalo, kulandelwa uthotho lweenkqubo ezingqongqo kunye nemigaqo.
Abo banikela ngegazi baqala ngokuhlolwa ngokucokisekileyo. Babuzwa imibuzo emininzi malunga nembali yabo yempilo, iindlela zokuziphatha, njl. Ngabo bafanelekileyo kuphela abavumelekileyo ukunikela ngegazi. Emva koko, igazi elinikelweyo liyavavanywa izifo ezahlukeneyo ngokwemigaqo yesizwe. Ukuba kukho amathandabuzo, igazi liyalahlwa. Oku kwenza umngcipheko ube sezantsi kakhulu.
Khawuthelekelele ukuba lo mngcipheko uphantsi kangakanani:
| Usulelo | Umngcipheko (Umngcipheko oqikelelweyo ngomnikelo ngamnye) |
|---|---|
| I-HIV | 1 kwi-1.5 yezigidi |
| I-Hepatitis C | 1 kwi-1.2 yezigidi |
| I-Hepatitis B | 1 kwi-293,000 |
Ezi zibalo zodwa zibonisa indlela oku kukhuselekile ngayo oku. Kuthiwa unamathuba amaninzi okubethwa ngumbane kunokuba ube nesifo ngenxa yokunikela ngegazi .
Yintoni onokuyilindela xa unikela ngegazi?
Ukunikela ngegazi kudla ngokuthatha phakathi kweyure enye ukuya kwezintathu. Oku kunokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani kunye nohlobo lwegazi olifunayo.
- Ngaphambi kokuba uqale: Umongikazi uza kujonga uxinzelelo lwegazi lakho, ukubetha kwentliziyo yakho, kunye nobushushu bomzimba. Emva koko, baza kujonga kabini ukuba ingxowa yegazi oyinikiweyo lolona hlobo lwegazi lufanelekileyo kuwe, igazi ugqirha wakho aliyaleleyo, kwaye igama lakho lichanekile.
- Ngexesha lokunikela ngegazi: Uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo kuya kuhlolwa kwakhona kwimizuzu eli-15. Ukuba uziva ungakhululekanga ngeli xesha, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazisa umongikazi ngoko nangoko .
- Okokugqibela: Wakuba ugqibile ukunikela ngegazi, imeko yakho iya kuhlolwa kwakhona.
Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho (Iimpendulo)
Uninzi lwabantu alufumani ziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, kukho i-allergies ezincinci. Umzekelo:
- Umkhuhlane, ukubanda, kunye nokurhawuzelelwa lusu
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla
- Impendulo yokutofelwa kwegazi nge-hemolytic: Oku kunzulu ngakumbi, kodwa kunqabile kakhulu. Kwenzeka xa amajoni omzimba wethu esabela kwigazi elitsha elinikelweyo.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba uziva into engaqhelekanga (umz., ukuziva unesizungu, uphelelwa ngumphefumlo, intloko ebuhlungu, iintlungu zesifuba) ngelixa unikela ngegazi, xelela umongikazi ngoko nangoko . Baza kuthatha amanyathelo afunekayo.
Ngaba kufuneka ndidibane nogqirha emva kokunikela ngegazi?
Ewe. Emva kokunikela ngegazi, ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ukuba uphumle iiyure ezingama-24-48. Kuya kufuneka ucwangcise idinga lokulandela.
Ngamanye amaxesha iimpendulo xa unikela ngegazi zinokwenzeka nasemva kweentsuku ezimbalwa. Ngoko ke, ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, kufuneka ufowunele ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko . Ukuba usesesibhedlele, xelela umongikazi.
| Nikela ingqalelo kwezi mpawu! | |
|---|---|
| Indawo yokufaka i-cannula | Ukopha, iintlungu, okanye ukukrweleka okutsha. |
| Imeko ngokubanzi yomzimba | Ukuziva ubanda, ubila, umkhuhlane, okanye uqhaqhazela. |
| Umchamo | Umchamo omnyama okanye obomvu. |
| Intliziyo kunye nokuphefumla | Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza, iintlungu esifubeni, ubunzima bokuphefumla. |
| Ezinye iimpawu | Intloko ebuhlungu, isiyezi, isicaphucaphu, ukuhlanza, ukurhawuzelela kolusu, ukurhawuzelelwa, okanye iintlungu eziqatha zomqolo. |
Ndingala na ukutsalwa igazi?
Ewe, unelungelo lokwala naluphi na unyango. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba wenze eso sigqibo, kufuneka uthethe ngokucacileyo nogqirha wakho malunga nemiphumo enokubakho. Ukwala igazi ngexesha likaxakeka kunokukhokelela ekukhubazekeni okungapheliyo okanye ekufeni.
Ukuba uneenkxalabo okanye amathandabuzo malunga nokunikela ngegazi, musa ukuzigcina kuwe. Thetha nogqirha wakho ngalo mba ngokukhululekileyo. Uza kukuchazela yonke into aze akuncede ufumane isisombululo esifanelekileyo kuwe.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Utofelo-gazi lolunye lweenkqubo zonyango ezikhuselekileyo nezisindisa ubomi ezikhoyo namhlanje.
- Ngenxa yokuba lonke igazi elinikelweyo livavanywa ngokuqatha, umngcipheko wokosuleleka uphantsi kakhulu.
- Ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga (ukurhawuzelela, ubunzima bokuphefumla, umkhuhlane) ngexesha okanye emva kokunikela ngegazi, yazisa umongikazi okanye ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.
- Ukuba unemibuzo okanye uloyiko malunga noku, ungaze ungathandabuzi ukuxoxa ngayo ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho.
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