Ukuba umntu ebenokubuza uhlobo lwakho lwegazi, ubuya kukwazi ukuphendula? Mhlawumbi uyazi, mhlawumbi awazi. Abantu abaninzi bacinga ukuba uhlobo lwegazi lunobumba nje ofana no-A, B, O. Kodwa eneneni luyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunoko, kwaye lubaluleke kakhulu kwimpilo yethu. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngezi ntlobo zegazi, ngokulula nje njengokuthetha nomhlobo.
Zithetha ukuthini ngokwenene ezi ntlobo zegazi?
Sonke sinezakhi ezifanayo ezisisiseko egazini lethu. Kodwa ayilogazi lomntu wonke elifanayo. Kukho iintlobo zegazi eziphambili ezisi-8. Uhlobo lwegazi olufumanayo lumiselwa ziijini ozizuze kumama notata wakho.
Ngamafutshane, igazi lakho lahlukile kwelomnye umntu ngenxa yeeproteni ezikhethekileyo ezikumphezulu weeseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi. Kwizonyango, sizibiza ezi antigens . Kukwakho nolunye uhlobo olukhethekileyo lweproteni kwiplasma, inxalenye engamanzi yegazi lethu, ebizwa ngokuba zii-antibodies . Uhlobo lwegazi lakho lumiselwa yindlela ezidibana ngayo ezo antigens kunye nee-antibodies.
Cinga ngeeseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi njengezindlu ezincinci. Ukuba kukho i-antigen (A) kwenye yezi zindlu, uluhlobo A. Ukuba kukho i-antigen (B), uluhlobo B. Ukuba unezo zombini ii-antigen, u-AB. Ukuba akukho antigen, u-O. Kulula kakhulu, akunjalo?
Igazi alilolwelo olubomvu nje kuphela. Linamacandelo aliqela:
- Iiseli zegazi ezibomvu: zithwala ioksijini emzimbeni wonke.
- Iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe: Zilwa neentsholongwane ezibangela izifo.
- Iiplatelets: Zinceda ekumiseni ukopha ngokwenza amahlwili egazi xa kukho ukwenzakala.
Iindidi zegazi eziphambili kunye nokuhambelana kwazo
Ngoku makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi ezi ntlobo zisi-8 zegazi eziphambili kunye nendlela ezihambelana ngayo. Oku kuhambelana kubaluleke kakhulu xa unikela ngegazi kwaye ufumana igazi.
Uyakhumbula into endiyithethileyo malunga nee-antigens u-A no-B kumphezulu weeseli ezibomvu zegazi? Yiloo nto siyibiza ngokuba yinkqubo ye-ABO . Ukongeza, kukho enye i-antigen ebalulekileyo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Rh factor .
- Ukuba iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi zine -Rh factor, uhlobo lwegazi lakho 'lulungile' (+) . (Umzekelo: A+, B+)
- Ukuba iiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi azinayo i-Rh factor, uhlobo lwegazi lakho 'lubi' (-) . (Umzekelo: A-, O-)
Iindidi zegazi eziphambili ezisi-8 zenziwa ngokudityaniswa kwe-ABO kunye ne-Rh.
| Uhlobo lwegazi | Aba bantu banokunikela ngegazi (Banganikela Ku) | Ndingafumana Kwaba bantu |
|---|---|---|
| A+ | A+, AB+ | A+, A-, O+, O- |
| A- | A+, A-, AB+, AB- | A-, O- |
| B+ | B+, AB+ | B+, B-, O+, O- |
| B- | B+, B-, AB+, AB- | B-, O- |
| AB+ | AB+ | Naluphi na uhlobo lwegazi (Umntu ofumana igazi lonke) |
| AB- | AB+, AB- | AB-, A-, B-, O- |
| O+ | O+, A+, B+, AB+ | O+, O- |
| O- | Nabani na (Umnikeli weHlabathi) | O- |
"Umniki-jikelele" kunye "noMxhamli-jikelele"
Ukuba ujonga itafile, uza kubona ukuba umntu onegazi elinohlobo lwe-O (O-) anganikela ngegazi kumntu onalo naluphi na uhlobo lwegazi. Yiyo loo nto uhlobo lwegazi lwe-O lubizwa ngokuba yi- "Universal Donor." Xa kungekho xesha lokufumanisa ngokukhawuleza uhlobo lwegazi lomguli, njengakwimeko engxamisekileyo, igazi le-O- lidla ngokunikezelwa.
Kwakhona, umntu onohlobo lwegazi olune -AB (AB+) angafumana igazi kulo naluphi na uhlobo lwegazi. Ke ngoko, uhlobo lwegazi olune-AB+ lubizwa ngokuba yi- "Universal Recipient."
Kutheni kubaluleke kangaka ukwazi uhlobo lwegazi lakho?
Ngaphambili, ngaphambi kowe-1901, oogqirha babecinga ukuba wonke umntu unegazi elifanayo. Ngoko ke xa igazi lomntu linikwa omnye, abanye abantu babegula kakhulu baze bafe. Ngowe-1901, isazinzulu egama linguKarl Landsteiner safumanisa le nkqubo yohlobo lwegazi.
Kwenzeka ntoni xa kuxutywa iintlobo ezimbini zegazi ezingahambelaniyo? Khawuthelekelele ukuba umntu onegazi lohlobo A unikwa igazi lohlobo B. Umntu onegazi lohlobo A unee-antibodies ezichasene negazi B. Ezi antibodies ziyaziqonda iiseli zegazi ze-B ezisandula ukungeniswa "njengotshaba" kwaye ziqala ukuzihlasela. Oku kubangela ukuba iiseli zegazi zinamathele kunye kwaye zijije. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-agglutination . Oku kunokukhokelela ekungasebenzini kwezintso, ukushaqeka, kwanokufa.
Yiyo loo nto uvavanyo olubizwa ngokuba yi -crossmatching lwenziwa ngaphambi kokuba kunikelwe ngegazi ukuze kubonwe ukuba uhlobo lwegazi lomnikeli kunye nelomntu ofumana igazi luyahambelana na. Esi sisigqibo esithatha ubomi okanye ukufa.
Iintlobo zegazi ezingaqhelekanga kunye nempilo
Ukongeza kwiintlobo eziphambili zegazi u-A, u-B, kunye no-O, kukho nezinye iintlobo zegazi ezingaqhelekanga kakhulu. Umzekelo luhlobo lwegazi olubizwa ngokuba yi-Duffy null . Olu luxhaphake kakhulu kubantu base-Afrika naseMbindi Mpuma. Okumangalisayo kukuba, abantu abanolu hlobo lwegazi banokhuselo oluthile kwi-malaria.
Uphando lufumanise ukuba kukho unxibelelwano phakathi kohlobo lwegazi lakho kunye nezifo ezithile. Umzekelo, abantu abanegazi lohlobo A, B, okanye AB kuthiwa basengozini enkulu kancinci yesifo sentliziyo kunabantu abanegazi lohlobo O.
Kodwa khumbula oku: Uhlobo lwakho lwegazi aluthethi ukuba uza kugula. Ezi zizibalo nje. Indlela ophila ngayo, ukutya kwakho, kunye nokuzilolonga kunempembelelo enkulu kakhulu. Akukho "hlobo lwegazi olusempilweni." Zonke iintlobo zegazi zilungile ngokulinganayo.
Ingaba 'Ukutya Kohlobo Lwegazi' kuyinyani?
Mhlawumbi ukhe weva "ngokutya kohlobo lwegazi." Kukutya okulandela isicwangciso esithile sokutya sohlobo ngalunye lwegazi. Kodwa akukho bungqina besayensi bokuba kuneenzuzo ezithile zempilo. Ngoko ke, eyona nto ilungileyo kuwe kukutya ukutya okunesondlo. Kungumbono olungileyo ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngako.
Kutheni uhlobo lwegazi lubalulekile ngexesha lokukhulelwa?
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi uhlobo lwegazi lakho ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ingakumbi i-Rh factor .
Khawuthelekelele ukuba umama une -Rh negative (-) , kodwa uhlobo lwegazi lomntwana luyi -Rh positive (+) oluzuzwe nguyise. Kwimeko enjalo, umzimba kamama unokubona iiseli zegazi zomntwana ezine-Rh positive "njengezangaphandle" uze uqale ukwenza ii-antibodies ezichasene nazo. Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi -Rh incompatibility .
Nangona oku kudla ngokungayichaphazeli into yokuqala yokukhulelwa, ngexesha lokukhulelwa kwesibini, ii-antibodies eziveliswa emzimbeni kamama zinokutshabalalisa iiseli zegazi zomntwana.
Kodwa ungakhathazeki! Kukho isisombululo esihle kakhulu ngoku. Ugqirha wakho uza kuvavanya uhlobo lwegazi lakho kwasekuqaleni kokukhulelwa kwakho. Ukuba une-Rh negative, uza kunikwa inaliti ebizwa ngokuba yi -Rh immunoglobulin (RhIg) ngaphambi nasemva kokubeleka. Oku kuyawuthintela umzimba kamama ekwenzeni ezo antibodies ziyingozi. Ngoko wena nomntwana wakho aniyi kwenzakala.
Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokufumanisa uhlobo lwegazi lakho kukwenza uvavanyo lwegazi. Ukuba ungumnikeli wegazi, uhlobo lwegazi lakho ludweliswe kwikhadi olifumanayo emva kokunikela ngegazi.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Uhlobo lwegazi lakho lumiselwa ziijini ozizuza njengelifa kubazali bakho.
- Xa unikela okanye ufumana igazi, kubalulekile ukuba nohlobo lwegazi oluhambelanayo. Igazi elingahambelaniyo linokubulala.
- I-O negative (O-) yaziwa ngokuba yi-"universal donor" kwaye i-AB positive (AB+) yaziwa ngokuba yi-"universal recipient".
- Ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi uhlobo lwegazi lakho nokulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho, ingakumbi ukuba umama une-Rh negative.
- Nangona kukho unxibelelwano phakathi kohlobo lwegazi kunye nezifo ezithile, akukho nto ibizwa ngokuba luhlobo lwegazi "olungcono" okanye "olubi kakhulu".
- Ukunikela ngegazi kunokusindisa ubomi. Ukuba unako, yiba liqhawe ngokunikela ngegazi.
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