Ngaba uyazazi izifo eziyingozi ezibizwa ngokuba yiBotulism? Makhe sithethe ngazo!

Ngaba wakha weva ngesi sifo singaqhelekanga kodwa sibi esibizwa ngokuba yi-botulism? Esi sisifo esiyingozi kakhulu . Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba usiqaphele. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngaso ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda.

Yintoni le botulism?

Ngamafutshane, i-botulism sisifo esibi esibangelwa yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yiClostridium botulinum. Le ntsholongwane ivelisa ityhefu eyingozi kakhulu, okanye ityhefu . Le tyhefu ihlasela inkqubo yemithambo-luvo yomzimba wethu . Ukuba ayinyangwa ngokufanelekileyo, le meko inokubulala.

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba i-botulism ayifumaneki rhoqo. Nangona kunjalo, inokubulala, ngoko ke ukuba ukrokrela ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho omncinci uneempawu ze-botulism, kufuneka uye kwigumbi likaxakeka elikufutshane ngoko nangoko . Iimpawu zingabandakanya ukugoba kwamehlo kunye nezinye iimpawu ezichaphazela izihlunu zobuso, amehlo, kunye nomqala. Ekugqibeleni, inokuchaphazela nezihlunu ezibandakanyeka ekuphefumleni.

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba iClostridium botulinum ingena emzimbeni?

Khawucinge nje ukuba ityhefu eveliswa yile ntsholongwane, iClostridium botulinum, ihlasela inkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo. Okwenzekayo kukuba izihlunu zethu, izihlunu ezisishukumisayo, ezisithethayo, nezisiginyayo , ziba buthathaka kwaye zingasebenzi (zingasebenzi) . Ukuba le tyhefu ihlasela imithambo-luvo elawula ukuphefumla kwethu, inokuba yingozi ebomini.

Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-botulism. Ezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo yi-foodborne botulism, i-infant botulism, kunye ne-wound botulism. Ukongeza, kukho iintlobo ezingaqhelekanga ezibizwa ngokuba yi-iatrogenic botulism kunye ne-adult intestinal toxemia botulism.

Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-botulism?

Ngoku makhe sijonge ezi ntlobo ze-botulism ngokweenkcukacha ezithe vetshe.

I-botulism yokutya

Oku kwenzeka xa utya ukutya okungcoliswe ziintsholongwane zeClostridium botulinum. Ukuba ukutya akugcinwanga kakuhle, ezi ntsholongwane ziqala ukukhula. Njengoko iintsholongwane zikhula, zongeza iityhefu ekutyeni.

I-botulism yokutya idla ngokubangelwa kukutya okwenziwe emakhankeni okungalungiswanga kakuhle okanye okugcinwe ekhaya, okufana neepickles kunye ne-moju . Nangona kunqabile, ukutya okusemakhankeni okuthengwe evenkileni nako kunokubangela i-botulism ukuba akulungiselelwanga kakuhle. Eminye imithombo yokutya ibandakanya:

• Iioyile zemifuno.
• Iitapile ezibhakiweyo zisongelwe ngefoyile ye-aluminiyam.
• Iisosi zetshizi ezifakwe ebhotileni.
• Igalikhi ebhotileni.
• Iitumato ezifakwe ebhodweni.
• Ijusi yekaroti.
• Ukutya okugcinwe kushushu okanye ukutya okushiywe ngaphandle ixesha elide kungafakwanga efrijini. Khawucinge ngento eyenzekayo xa ushiya izinto ezifana nerayisi pudding kunye nemifuno oyenze kusasa kude kube sebusuku.

I-botulism yeentsana

Iintsana zinokufumana i-botulism ukuba zitya ii-spores zebhaktheriya iClostridium botulinum. Xa ezi spores zingena emathunjini omntwana, ziyakhula zize zikhuphe ityhefu. Akusoloko kucaca ukuba zivela phi ezi spores. Nangona kunjalo, zihlala zifumaneka emhlabeni nasemhlabeni. Xa ezi spores zisemoyeni, umntwana unokuziphefumla.

Ezi spores zinokufumaneka nakwibusi . Abantwana nabantu abadala abasempilweni abayifumani i-botulism ukuba batya ezi spores ze-botulinum. Nangona kunjalo, ngesizathu esithile, le tyhefu iveliswa emizimbeni yeentsana ezingaphantsi konyaka omnye ubudala . Yiyo loo nto iingcali zisithi ubusi akufuneki bunikwe iintsana zide zibe nonyaka omnye ubudala ubuncinane. Le yinto abazali abaninzi ekufuneka bayikhumbule.

I-botulism yamanxeba

I-botulism yesilonda inokwenzeka ukuba ii-spores zeClostridium botulinum zingena enxebeni. Xa ezi spores zingena enxebeni, ziyakhula zize zikhuphe iityhefu egazini lethu.

Olu hlobo lwe-botulism lubonakala kakhulu kubantu abafaka iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni ngemithambo . Amaxesha amaninzi, le meko inokwenzeka emva kotyando okanye ukwenzakala okukhulu.

I-botulism ye-Iatrogenic

Le yimeko engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Le meko inokwenzeka ukuba uthatha iBotox® eninzi, uhlobo lwetyhefu ye-botulinum olufakwa ngenaliti. I-Botox® yityhefu ecociweyo nexutywe kakhulu yintsholongwane iClostridium botulinum. Abanye abantu basebenzisa iBotox® ngeenjongo zokuhombisa, njengokunciphisa imibimbi. Okanye bayisebenzisela izizathu zonyango, ezifana nemigraines.

I-Botox® ayinakwenzeka ukuba ibangele i-botulism. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufumana inaliti ye-botulinum toxin, kufuneka yenziwe kuphela yingcali yezonyango enolwazi lokuyisebenzisa ngokukhuselekileyo nangendlela echanekileyo.

I-botulism ye-toxemia yamathumbu abantu abadala

Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-intestinal colonization yabantu abadala. Olu luhlobo olungaqhelekanga kakhulu lwe-botulism. Lunokwenzeka ukuba ii-spores zeClostridium botulinum zingena emathunjini akho. Ezi spores ziyakhula zize zivelise ityhefu, njengakwiintsana. Ukuba unesifo esibi esichaphazela inkqubo yakho yokugaya ukutya , unamathuba amaninzi okufumana olu hlobo lwe-botulism.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le sifo?

I-Botulism sisifo esingaqhelekanga kakhulu . Umzekelo, ngo-2018, i-US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ibike kuphela iimeko ezingama-242 eziqinisekisiweyo ze-botulism. Kula, uninzi lwazo yayiyi-botulism yeentsana. Kunzima ukufumana izibalo ngale nto eSri Lanka, kodwa kuyacaca ukuba ayiqhelekanga kwihlabathi liphela.

Ziziphi iimpawu ze-botulism?

Ngoku makhe sijonge iimpawu zesi sifo. Sinokuchaphazela iintsana nabantu abadala ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

Iimpawu kwiintsana

Iimpawu ze-botulism yeentsana zingaqala kwezincinci ukuya kwezinzima. Iimpawu zingabonakala kwiintsuku ezintathu ukuya kwezingama-30 emva kokudibana ne-Clostridium botulinum spores. Nazi iimpawu eziphambili:

• Ijwabu eligobileyo `(ptosis)` .
• Ukuncipha kwembonakalo yobuso.
• Ukuvuza amathe.
• Ukukhala okubuthathaka .
• Ukunciphisa okanye ukucotha kobisi okanye ukutya.
• Ukuncipha kwe-gag reflex.
• Ukuqhinwa kwesisu .
• Ubuthathaka okanye ukudinwa.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.

Ukuba ungumama onomntwana omncinci, kufuneka ulumke kakhulu ngezi mpawu. Ukuba umntwana wakho ubonakala ediniwe kunesiqhelo, akafuni ukuncancisa, okanye akakhali kakhulu, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Iimpawu kubantu abadala nakubantwana abancinci

Iimpawu ze-botulism kubantwana abadala nakubantu abadala zihlala ziqala kwizihlunu zobuso, amehlo, nomqala . Ukuba azinyangwa, iimpawu zinokusasazeka ziye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Iimpawu zinokubonakala kwiiyure ukuya kwiintsuku emva kokuba ii-spores ze-botulinum zityiwe. Nazi iimpawu:

• Ijwabu eligobileyo `(ptosis)` .
• Ukubona kabini okanye ukubona okufipheleyo.
• Umlomo owomileyo (xerostomia)
• Ibali liyadida.
• Ubunzima bokuginya (dysphagia) .
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla.
• Ubuthathaka okanye ukungakhululeki kwamalungu omzimba.
• Isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza (okuxhaphakileyo kwi-botulism yokutya).

Yintoni ebangela i-botulism?

I-Botulism ibangelwa yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yiClostridium botulinum. Ngamanye amaxesha, inokubangelwa yintsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yiClostridium butyricum okanye iClostridium baratii. Usenokungaguli ukuba udibana nale ntsholongwane okanye iispores zayo. Nangona kunjalo, phantsi kweemeko ezithile , ezi spores ziqala ukukhula.

Ezi ntsholongwane zikhulayo zikhupha iityhefu. Xa iityhefu zikhutshwa, zingena ngokukhawuleza egazini zize zinamathele kwimithambo-luvo yethu. I-Botulism yenzeka xa loo mithambo-luvo iyeka ukusebenza. Iimeko ezinceda ii-spores zikhule kwaye zande zezi:

• Indawo eneoksijini encinci okanye engekhoyo (umz. ngaphakathi kokutya okusemathinini)
• Ukuncipha kwe-asidi, iswekile, okanye ityuwa.
• Ubushushu bokupheka buphantsi kakhulu. (Ngamanye amaxesha namaqondo obushushu abilayo awabulali iispores.)
• Ukuba nomlinganiselo othile wamanzi.
• Ubushushu bokugcina bushushu kakhulu.

Iphi iClostridium botulinum exhaphake kakhulu?

Iintsholongwane zebhaktiriya iClostridium botulinum zixhaphakile emhlabeni, kodwa azifane zibangele izifo. Ngamanye amaxesha zinokufumaneka kwimifuno esemathinini, intlanzi, okanye inyama. Ukutya okusemathinini ekhaya kunokubangela ukuba le bhaktiriya ingcoliswe kakhulu kukutya okuthengwe evenkileni. Iintsana ezingaphantsi konyaka omnye ubudala zinokufumana ityhefu yeClostridium botulinum kubusi.

Ifunyaniswa njani i-botulism?

Ukuze axilonge i-botulism, ugqirha wakho uza kukwenza uvavanyo lomzimba . Uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho aze ajonge naziphi na izihlunu ezibuthathaka okanye ezingasebenzi kakuhle.

Iimpawu ze-botulism zinokufana nezezinye izifo, ezifana ne -stroke, i-meningitis, kunye ne-Guillain-Barré syndrome . Ke ngoko, ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukwenza uvavanyo olongezelelweyo ukuqinisekisa i-botulism.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezenziwayo koku?

Ukuqinisekisa ukuba uxilongiwe nge-botulism, ugqirha wakho unokwenza uvavanyo ukuze abone ukuba igazi lakho, indle yakho, okanye ukuhlanza kwakho kunayo na ityhefu. Iisampuli zokutya ezirhanelwayo nazo zinokuvavanywa ukuze kubonwe ukuba zithini na ityhefu.

Ezinye iimvavanyo ugqirha anokuzisebenzisa zezi:

• Iskeni yobuchopho.
• Uvavanyo lolwelo lomqolo.
• Uvavanyo lwemithambo-luvo kunye nokusebenza kwemisipha (umz. i-electromyography) .

Kungathatha iintsuku ezininzi ukuba iziphumo zezi mvavanyo zibuye, ngoko ke ukuba kukho i-botulism ekrokrelwayo, ugqirha unokuqalisa unyango ngoko nangoko .

Iphathwa njani i-botulism?

Ngokuxhomekeke kwisizathu se-botulism kunye nobunzima bemeko, ugqirha wakho angasebenzisa unyango olwahlukileyo. Unyango oluqhelekileyo kukuba ugqirha wakho akunike iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yi-antitoxin . I-antitoxin isebenza ngokuthintela isenzo se-toxin egazini lakho. Oku kuthintela i-toxin ukuba ingabangela umonakalo ongakumbi. Nangona kunjalo,I-Antitoxin ayinakulungisa umonakalo osele wenziwe. Kusenokufuneka uhlale esibhedlele iiveki okanye iinyanga ukuze uphile.

Ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumla, ugqirha wakho angakufaka kwi-ventilator . Lo matshini uyakunceda ukuphefumla. Kuya kufuneka uhlale kulo matshini de kube kuphelile ukungasebenzi kakuhle okuchaphazela ukuphefumla kwakho.

Ukuba une-wound botulism, kunokufuneka wenze utyando lokususa inxalenye yenxeba eyosulelekileyo. Emva kotyando, kuya kufuneka uthathe amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ukuthintela ukuba usulelo lungabuyi.

Ngaba i-botulism inokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo?

Akukho nyango luthile lokunyanga ngokupheleleyo i-botulism, kodwa umonakalo omncinci wemithambo-luvo unokunyangeka. Ii-antitoxins zinokuthintela ityhefu ukuba ingabangela umonakalo ongakumbi. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba unyango lunikwa ngokukhawuleza, imeko inokuthintelwa ukuba ingabi mandundu.

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa ye-botulism?

I-Botulism inokubangela ukukhubazeka kwemisipha ekuncedayo ukuginya nokuphefumla. Nangona i-antitoxin inceda kwiimeko ezininzi, abanye abantu banokufa ngenxa yeengxaki zokuphefumla kunye nosulelo . Ukongeza, i-botulism inokubangela iingxaki zempilo ezifana nezi:

• Ukudinwa kakhulu .
• Ubuthathaka obungapheliyo.
• Ubunzima bokuphefumla (ukuphelelwa ngamandla) .
• I-pneumonia yokuphefumla kunye nosulelo olubangelwa yinto ebambekayo emqaleni.
• Iingxaki zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo.

Yintoni onokuyilindela emva konyango?

Ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni imeko yakho imbi kangakanani na, ukuchacha kwi-botulism kungathatha iiveki, iinyanga, okanye iminyaka . Uninzi lwabantu abafumana unyango olukhawulezileyo bayachacha ngokupheleleyo ngaphantsi kweeveki ezimbini .

Ungazikhusela njani kwi-botulism?

Le yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo. Kukho izinto ezimbalwa onokuzenza ukuze uzikhusele kwiintlobo eziqhelekileyo ze-botulism.

Ukukhuselwa kwi-botulism ebangelwa kukutya

• Faka ukutya efrijini kwiiyure ezimbini emva kokuba kuphekiwe. Ukufaka ukutya efrijini kuthintela ukwakheka kwe-spores yebhaktiriya.
• Pheka ukutya kakuhle.
• Musa ukusebenzisa ukutya okusemathinini okubonakala ngathi konakele okanye kudumbile (oku kusenokuba ziimpawu zegesi eveliswa yibhaktheriya).
• Hlanza ukutya okusemathinini ngokukubilisa kwisitya sokupheka esinoxinzelelo kwi-121 degrees Celsius (250 Fahrenheit) imizuzu engama-30 .
• Lahla ukutya okunezinongo okunuka kakubi .

Ukukhuselwa kwi-botulism yeentsana

• Musa ukunika abantwana abangaphantsi konyaka omnye ubusi. Le yinto ekufuneka uyikhumbule ngokuqinisekileyo.
• Ukuba kuvela i-botulism , ncancisa umntwana wakho ukuze uthintele ukuba esi sifo singabi mandundu.

Ukhuseleko kwi-wound botulism

• Musa ukufaka iziyobisi ezingekho mthethweni.
• Ukuba inxeba liba bomvu, libuhlungu, lidumbile, okanye lineempawu zosulelo, ezifana nobovu, funa uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza.
• Coca kakuhle amanxeba angcoliswe ngumhlaba nothuli.

Ukhuseleko kwi-botulism enxulumene nokhathalelo lwempilo

• Ukuba ufumana inaliti efana neBotox®, yifumane kuphela kwingcali yezonyango enelayisenisi .

Kwenzeka ntoni ukuba une-botulism? (Outlook)

I-Botulism sisifo esinokubulala ukuba asinyangwa. Nangona kunjalo, xa sixilongwa kwangethuba kwaye sinyangwa, abantu abaninzi banokuphila ngokupheleleyo kwesi sifo baze baqhubeke nokusebenza ngendlela eqhelekileyo ubomi babo bonke.

I-Botulism sisifo esibi kakhulu esihlasela inkqubo yemithambo-luvo yomzimba wakho, esibangela ubuthathaka kunye nokukhubazeka kwemisipha. Ityhefu ye-Botulism ayiqhelekanga, kodwa inokubulala ukuba ayinyangwa. Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho uneempawu ze-botulism, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka elikufutshane nawe. Ngoncedo lwezonyango olukhawulezileyo, i-botulism inokunyangeka.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Kulungile, ngoku uyazi okuninzi nge-botulism. Nazi izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule:

• I-Botulism sisifo esiyingozi esibangelwa yityhefu eveliswa yintsholongwane iClostridium botulinum.
• Ingasasazeka ngokutya , amanxeba, kwaye maxa wambi ingasasazeka ngonyango lwezonyango .
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba unganiki ubusi iintsana ezingaphantsi konyaka omnye .
• Oku kungathintelwa kakhulu ngokunyamekela ukhuseleko lokutya (ukupheka kakuhle, ukugcina kakuhle).
• Ukuba ubona iimpawu , funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko . Unyango olukhawulezileyo lunokusindisa ubomi.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luluncedo kuwe. Hlala usempilweni!

I- Botulism, i-Clostridium botulinum, ukutyhefeka kokutya, impilo yabantwana, izifo zemithambo-luvo, iityhefu, ukhuseleko lokutya